这篇博文主要讲解实现图片验证码的实现,之前已经将权限,认证,自带缓存,redis缓存,都实现了,现在我们就来了解一下简单的图片验证码的实现:
首先,我们要来修改一下登录的页面,login.jsp这个页面:
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>后台管理系统</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>用户登录</h1>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/login">
<input type="text" name="username" placeholder="请输入用户名"><br/>
<input type="text" name="password" placeholder="请输入密码"><br/>
请输入验证码:<input type="text" name="code"><img src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/getImage" alt=""><br/>
<input type="submit" name="立即登录">
</form>
</body>
</html>
从上面的页面可以看出来,我们加入了一行图片验证码的代码。并且访问了一个后端接口:/user/getImage。
下面我们就来看一下这个后端接口:
@RequestMapping("/getImage")
public void getImage(HttpSession session, HttpServletResponse response) {
//生成验证码
String code = VerifyCodeUtils.generateVerifyCode(4);
//验证码放入Session
session.setAttribute("code",code);
try {
ServletOutputStream os = response.getOutputStream();
response.setContentType("image/png");
//验证码存入图片
VerifyCodeUtils.outputImage(220,60,os,code);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
可以看到我们在这个接口中主要就干了两件事,一件事就是利用生成验证码工具类生成一个四位数的验证码,然后将验证码存入session中,并将验证码存入图片当中去。下面我们就来上生成验证码的工具类:
public class VerifyCodeUtils{
//使用到Algerian字体,系统里没有的话需要安装字体,字体只显示大写,去掉了1,0,i,o几个容易混淆的字符
public static final String VERIFY_CODES = "23456789ABCDEFGHJKLMNPQRSTUVWXYZ";
private static Random random = new Random();
/**
* 使用系统默认字符源生成验证码
* @param verifySize 验证码长度
* @return
*/
public static String generateVerifyCode(int verifySize){
return generateVerifyCode(verifySize, VERIFY_CODES);
}
/**
* 使用指定源生成验证码
* @param verifySize 验证码长度
* @param sources 验证码字符源
* @return
*/
public static String generateVerifyCode(int verifySize, String sources){
if(sources == null || sources.length() == 0){
sources = VERIFY_CODES;
}
int codesLen = sources.length();
Random rand = new Random(System.currentTimeMillis());
StringBuilder verifyCode = new StringBuilder(verifySize);
for(int i = 0; i < verifySize; i++){
verifyCode.append(sources.charAt(rand.nextInt(codesLen-1)));
}
return verifyCode.toString();
}
/**
* 生成随机验证码文件,并返回验证码值
* @param w
* @param h
* @param outputFile
* @param verifySize
* @return
* @throws IOException
*/
public static String outputVerifyImage(int w, int h, File outputFile, int verifySize) throws IOException{
String verifyCode = generateVerifyCode(verifySize);
outputImage(w, h, outputFile, verifyCode);
return verifyCode;
}
/**
* 输出随机验证码图片流,并返回验证码值
* @param w
* @param h
* @param os
* @param verifySize
* @return
* @throws IOException
*/
public static String outputVerifyImage(int w, int h, OutputStream os, int verifySize) throws IOException{
String verifyCode = generateVerifyCode(verifySize);
outputImage(w, h, os, verifyCode);
return verifyCode;
}
/**
* 生成指定验证码图像文件
* @param w
* @param h
* @param outputFile
* @param code
* @throws IOException
*/
public static void outputImage(int w, int h, File outputFile, String code) throws IOException{
if(outputFile == null){
return;
}
File dir = outputFile.getParentFile();
if(!dir.exists()){
dir.mkdirs();
}
try{
outputFile.createNewFile();
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(outputFile);
outputImage(w, h, fos, code);
fos.close();
} catch(IOException e){
throw e;
}
}
/**
* 输出指定验证码图片流
* @param w
* @param h
* @param os
* @param code
* @throws IOException
*/
public static void outputImage(int w, int h, OutputStream os, String code) throws IOException{
int verifySize = code.length();
BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(w, h, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
Random rand = new Random();
Graphics2D g2 = image.createGraphics();
g2.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING,RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
Color[] colors = new Color[5];
Color[] colorSpaces = new Color[] { Color.WHITE, Color.CYAN,
Color.GRAY, Color.LIGHT_GRAY, Color.MAGENTA, Color.ORANGE,
Color.PINK, Color.YELLOW };
float[] fractions = new float[colors.length];
for(int i = 0; i < colors.length; i++){
colors[i] = colorSpaces[rand.nextInt(colorSpaces.length)];
fractions[i] = rand.nextFloat();
}
Arrays.sort(fractions);
g2.setColor(Color.GRAY);// 设置边框色
g2.fillRect(0, 0, w, h);
Color c = getRandColor(200, 250);
g2.setColor(c);// 设置背景色
g2.fillRect(0, 2, w, h-4);
//绘制干扰线
Random random = new Random();
g2.setColor(getRandColor(160, 200));// 设置线条的颜色
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
int x = random.nextInt(w - 1);
int y = random.nextInt(h - 1);
int xl = random.nextInt(6) + 1;
int yl = random.nextInt(12) + 1;
g2.drawLine(x, y, x + xl + 40, y + yl + 20);
}
// 添加噪点
float yawpRate = 0.05f;// 噪声率
int area = (int) (yawpRate * w * h);
for (int i = 0; i < area; i++) {
int x = random.nextInt(w);
int y = random.nextInt(h);
int rgb = getRandomIntColor();
image.setRGB(x, y, rgb);
}
shear(g2, w, h, c);// 使图片扭曲
g2.setColor(getRandColor(100, 160));
int fontSize = h-4;
Font font = new Font("Algerian", Font.ITALIC, fontSize);
g2.setFont(font);
char[] chars = code.toCharArray();
for(int i = 0; i < verifySize; i++){
AffineTransform affine = new AffineTransform();
affine.setToRotation(Math.PI / 4 * rand.nextDouble() * (rand.nextBoolean() ? 1 : -1), (w / verifySize) * i + fontSize/2, h/2);
g2.setTransform(affine);
g2.drawChars(chars, i, 1, ((w-10) / verifySize) * i + 5, h/2 + fontSize/2 - 10);
}
g2.dispose();
ImageIO.write(image, "jpg", os);
}
private static Color getRandColor(int fc, int bc) {
if (fc > 255)
fc = 255;
if (bc > 255)
bc = 255;
int r = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
int g = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
int b = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
return new Color(r, g, b);
}
private static int getRandomIntColor() {
int[] rgb = getRandomRgb();
int color = 0;
for (int c : rgb) {
color = color << 8;
color = color | c;
}
return color;
}
private static int[] getRandomRgb() {
int[] rgb = new int[3];
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
rgb[i] = random.nextInt(255);
}
return rgb;
}
private static void shear(Graphics g, int w1, int h1, Color color) {
shearX(g, w1, h1, color);
shearY(g, w1, h1, color);
}
private static void shearX(Graphics g, int w1, int h1, Color color) {
int period = random.nextInt(2);
boolean borderGap = true;
int frames = 1;
int phase = random.nextInt(2);
for (int i = 0; i < h1; i++) {
double d = (double) (period >> 1)
* Math.sin((double) i / (double) period
+ (6.2831853071795862D * (double) phase)
/ (double) frames);
g.copyArea(0, i, w1, 1, (int) d, 0);
if (borderGap) {
g.setColor(color);
g.drawLine((int) d, i, 0, i);
g.drawLine((int) d + w1, i, w1, i);
}
}
}
private static void shearY(Graphics g, int w1, int h1, Color color) {
int period = random.nextInt(40) + 10; // 50;
boolean borderGap = true;
int frames = 20;
int phase = 7;
for (int i = 0; i < w1; i++) {
double d = (double) (period >> 1)
* Math.sin((double) i / (double) period
+ (6.2831853071795862D * (double) phase)
/ (double) frames);
g.copyArea(i, 0, 1, h1, 0, (int) d);
if (borderGap) {
g.setColor(color);
g.drawLine(i, (int) d, i, 0);
g.drawLine(i, (int) d + h1, i, h1);
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//获取验证码
String s = generateVerifyCode(4);
//将验证码放入图片中
outputImage(260,60,new File("/Users/chenyannan/Desktop/安工资料/aa.jpg"),s);
System.out.println(s);
}
}
上面这就是一个生成验证码的工具类,粘贴直接就可以用。
还有一步操作就是将我们的获取验证码的接口方法要在ShiroConfig这个类中放行:
//1.创建Shiro过滤器
@Bean
public ShiroFilterFactoryBean shiroFilterFactoryBean(DefaultWebSecurityManager defaultWebSecurityManager) {
ShiroFilterFactoryBean shiroFilterFactoryBean = new ShiroFilterFactoryBean();
shiroFilterFactoryBean.setSecurityManager(defaultWebSecurityManager);
Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("/login.jsp", "anon");
map.put("/register.jsp", "anon");
map.put("/user/getImage", "anon");
map.put("/index.jsp", "authc");
shiroFilterFactoryBean.setLoginUrl("/login.jsp");
shiroFilterFactoryBean.setUnauthorizedUrl("/error.jsp”");
shiroFilterFactoryBean.setFilterChainDefinitionMap(map);
return shiroFilterFactoryBean;
}
然后来修改一下我们的登录接口,我们的要求是,首先要先比对验证码是否正确,验证码正确之后才能进行认证的操作。
下面是登录接口:
@RequestMapping("/login")
public String login(User user, String code, HttpSession session) {
//比较验证码
String codes = (String) session.getAttribute("code");
//不区分大小写比较,比较通过后再登陆成功
try {
if (codes.equalsIgnoreCase(code)) {
UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken(user.getUsername(), user.getPassword());
Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
subject.login(token);
return "redirect:/index.jsp";
} else {
throw new RuntimeException("验证码错误");
}
} catch (UnknownAccountException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
System.out.println("用户名错误");
}catch (IncorrectCredentialsException e){
e.printStackTrace();
System.out.println("密码错误");
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
return "redirect:/login.jsp";
}
从上面修改的登录接口可以看出来首先我们从session中取出code,也就是验证码,然后做一个if判断,调用不区分大小写比较的方法。再将原先的代码放入,则完成。
来看一下效果:
这样我们添加验证码的目的就达成了。