这篇文章来谈谈
《Spring Framework 开发参考手册》
的3.3.5小节中的“自动装配协作对象”和3.3.6 小节中的“依赖检查”。
仔细看看文档,相关配置见前面文章。
先建立一个包:javamxj.spring.basic.autowiring ,然后把以下4个文件放在这个包下。
· HelloBean,一个简单的Bean,含有一个属性hello。
HelloBean.java
|
package
javamxj
.
spring
.
basic
.
autowiring
;
public class HelloBean { private String hello; public String getHello() { return hello; } public void setHello( String hello) { this.hello = hello; }
}
|
· HelloDate类先定义了三个构造函数,然后设置了三个属性:hello、date、date2。
HelloDate.java
|
package
javamxj
.
spring
.
basic
.
autowiring
;
import java . util . Date ; import java . util . GregorianCalendar ; public class HelloDate {
public HelloDate() {
System.out.println( "defalt Constructor called"); } public HelloDate(HelloBean hello) { System.out.println( "HelloDate(HelloBean) called"); } public HelloDate(HelloBean hello, Date date) { System.out.println( "HelloDate(HelloBean,Date) called"); } public void setHello(HelloBean hello) { System.out.println( "Property hello set"); } public void setDate( Date date) { System.out.println( "Property date set"); } public void setDate2( GregorianCalendar date) { System.out.println( "Property date2 set"); } } |
· beans.xml中定义了七个bean,
beans.xml |
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="GBK"?>
<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd">
<beans>
<bean id="date" name="myDate" class="java.util.Date"/>
<bean id="helloBean" class="javamxj.spring.basic.autowiring.HelloBean"
dependency-check="simple">
<property name="hello" value="javamxj"/>
</bean>
<bean id="HelloByName" class="javamxj.spring.basic.autowiring.HelloDate"
autowire="byName"/>
<bean id="HelloByType" class="javamxj.spring.basic.autowiring.HelloDate"
autowire="byType"/>
<bean id="HelloConstructor" class="javamxj.spring.basic.autowiring.HelloDate"
autowire="constructor"/>
<bean id="HelloAutodetect" class="javamxj.spring.basic.autowiring.HelloDate"
autowire="autodetect"/>
<bean id="helloCheck" class="javamxj.spring.basic.autowiring.HelloDate" autowire="byType"
dependency-check="objects">
<property name="date2" >
<bean class="java.util.GregorianCalendar"/>
</property>
<!-- <property name="date" ref="date"/>-->
<!-- <property name="hello" ref="helloBean"/>-->
</bean>
</beans>
Main.java
|
package
javamxj
.
spring
.
basic
.
autowiring
;
import org . springframework . beans . factory . BeanFactory ; import org . springframework . beans . factory . xml . XmlBeanFactory ; import org . springframework . core . io . ClassPathResource ; public class Main { public static void main( String[] args) { BeanFactory bf = new XmlBeanFactory( new ClassPathResource( "javamxj/spring/basic/autowiring/beans.xml")); System.out.println( "使用 byName:"); HelloDate hb = (HelloDate) bf.getBean( "HelloByName"); System.out.println( " /n 使用 byType:"); hb = (HelloDate) bf.getBean( "HelloByType"); System.out.println( " /n 使用 constructor:"); hb = (HelloDate) bf.getBean( "HelloConstructor"); System.out.println( " /n 使用 autodetect:"); hb = (HelloDate) bf.getBean( "HelloAutodetect"); System.out.println( " /n 使用 dependency-check:"); hb = (HelloDate) bf.getBean( "helloCheck"); } } |
运行结果:
使用 byName:
defalt Constructor called
Property date set
defalt Constructor called
Property date set
使用 byType:
defalt Constructor called
Property date set
Property hello set
defalt Constructor called
Property date set
Property hello set
使用 constructor:
HelloDate(HelloBean,Date) called
HelloDate(HelloBean,Date) called
使用 autodetect:
defalt Constructor called
Property date set
Property hello set
defalt Constructor called
Property date set
Property hello set
使用 dependency-check:
defalt Constructor called
Property date2 set
Property date set
Property hello set
defalt Constructor called
Property date2 set
Property date set
Property hello set
参考运行结果,详细说明一下beans.xml的配置:
· HelloByName指定了autowire="byName",则Spring会根据bean的名称与属性名称是否符合来进行自动绑定。如这里HelloDate含有属性:hello、date、date2,在beans.xml中包含了date、helloBean两个bean,所以只有date符合要求。(bean的名称包括Id名称和name名称)
· HelloByType指定了autowire="byType",这里HelloDate含有属性:hello、date、date2,在beans.xml中包含了Date类和HelloBean类,分别匹配date和hello属性。
· HelloConstructor指定了autowire="constructor",它会优先调用含有较多参数的构造函数。
· HelloAutodetect指定了autowire="autodetect",如果找到了一个缺省的构造函数,则会应用byType。
· helloBean中指定了dependency-check="simple",则会对基本类型和集合进行依赖检查。这里如果不对属性hello进行赋值,就会抛出一个异常。
· helloCheck中指定了dependency-check="objects",同时也指定了autowire="byType",虽然会自动绑定属性date和hello,但由于属性date2没有被自动绑定到,所以需要特别设置。
这篇文章源代码下载(不包含库文件):
http://free.ys168.com/?javamxj
Spring目录下面的SpringBasic.zip。