【C++ Primer】【学习笔记】【第八章】标准IO库之：字符串流

一、stringstream对象的使用

1、sstream头文件定义了三种类型的字符串流：

类型	说明
istringstream	从istream派生而来，提供读string的功能；
ostringstream	从ostream派生而来，提供写string的功能；
stringstream	从iostream派生而来，提供读写string的功能。

2、与iostream类型相比，stringstream增加了如下几个操作：

stringstream增加的操作	说明
stringstream strm;	创建自由的 stringstream对象；
stringstream strm(s);	创建存储s副本的 stringstream对象，其中s是string类型的对象；
strm.str();	返回strm中存储的string类型对象；
strm.str(s);	将string类型的s复制给strm，返回void。

3、应用：逐行读取并逐个处理每行中的单词：

string line, word;
while (getline(cin, line))
{
    istringstream stream(line);
    while (stream >> word)
    {
        //...
    }
}

4、应用：数值型数据转换为字符串型数据

int val1 = 512, val2 = 1024;
ostringstream format_message;
format_message << "val1: " << val1 << "\n"
               << "val2: " << val2 << "\n";

5、应用：字符串型数据转换为数值型数据

基于上面的处理：

istringstream input_istring(format_message.str());
string dump;
input_istring >> dump >> val1 >> dump >> val2;
cout << val1 << " " << val2 << endl;

注：使用输入操作符读取string时，空白符会被忽略。

习题8.15：读入数据至istringstream对象并输出

 

#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <stdexcept>
using namespace std;
istream& read_stream(istream& in)
{
    int ival;
    while (in >> ival, !in.eof())
    {
        if (in.bad())
        {
            throw runtime_error("IO stream corrupted!");
        }
        if (in.fail())
        {
            cout << "Read fail, try again." << endl;
            in.clear();
            in.ignore(2, ' ');
            continue;
        }
        // ival is ok, process it
        cout << ival << " ";
    }
    cout << endl;
    in.clear();
    return in;
}
int main()
{
    string line;
    cout << "Enter a line of text: " << endl;
    getline(cin, line);
    line += " ";
    istringstream isstr(line);
    read_stream(isstr);
    return 0;
}

[chapter8]$ ./a.out 
Enter a line of text: 
123 456 789 
123 456 789

习题8.16：将文件存储到vector<string>后按单词从容器中读取

/// 1. 读取文件并按行存储到vector<string>当中
/// 2. 使用istringstream从vector<string>中读取行中的每个单词

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <sstream>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;

int file_to_vector(const string &filename, vector<string> &svec)
{
    ifstream infile(filename.c_str());
    if (!infile)
    {
        cout << "Error: open file(" << filename << ") fail." << endl;
        return 1;
    }

    string s;
    while (getline(infile, s))
    {
        svec.push_back(s);
    }

    infile.close();
   
    if (infile.eof())
    {
        cout << "OK: read to eof." << endl;
        return 0;
    }

    if (infile.bad())
    {
        cout << "Error: system fail." << endl;
        return 2;
    }

    if (infile.fail())
    {
        cout << "Error: read fail." << endl;
        return 3;
    }

    return 0;
}

int main()
{
    string filename;
    cout << "Enter filename: " << endl;
    cin >> filename;

    vector<string> svec;
    if (0 != file_to_vector(filename.c_str(), svec))
    {
        cout << "Error: file_to_vector() return fail." << endl;
        return -1;
    }

    cout << "vector's size: " << svec.size() << endl;
    cout << "vector:" << endl;
    for (vector<string>::iterator it = svec.begin(); it != svec.end(); ++it)
    {
        cout << *it << endl;
    }

    string word;
    int line_num = 0;
    istringstream isstream;
    for (vector<string>::iterator iter = svec.begin(); iter != svec.end(); ++iter)
    {
        cout << "line-" << ++line_num << ": " << endl;
        isstream.str(*iter);
        while (isstream >> word)
        {
            cout << word << endl;
        }
        isstream.clear();
    }

    return 0;
}

[chapter8]$ ./a.out
Enter filename:
testfile
OK: read to eof.
vector's size: 3
vector:
line1: How are you.
line2: How old are you.
line3: I'm OK.
line-1:
line1:
How
are
you.
line-2:
line2:
How
old
are
you.
line-3:
line3:
I'm
OK.