**[Lintcode] House Rober III 打劫房屋 III

The thief has found himself a new place for his thievery again. There is only one entrance to this area, called the "root." Besides the root, each house has one and only one parent house. After a tour, the smart thief realized that "all houses in this place forms a binary tree". It will automatically contact the police if two directly-linked houses were broken into on the same night.

Determine the maximum amount of money the thief can rob tonight without alerting the police.

Have you met this question in a real interview? 

Yes

Example

  3
 / \
2   3
 \   \ 
  3   1

Maximum amount of money the thief can rob = 3 + 3 + 1 = 7.

分析：与上两道题不同，这道题无法使用DP解决。但是涉及到树的问题一般可以通过递归解决。将Root，Root.left和Root.right看作一组，针对每一组，有两种情况，

Root，Root.left的孩子和Root.right孩子，或者root.left和root.right. 这里我们分别计算这两种情况并且取最大值即可

/**
 * Definition of TreeNode:
 * public class TreeNode {
 *     public int val;
 *     public TreeNode left, right;
 *     public TreeNode(int x) { val = x; }
 * }
 */
public class Solution {
    /**
     * @param root: The root of binary tree.
     * @return: The maximum amount of money you can rob tonight
     */
     
     Map<TreeNode, Integer> res = new HashMap<TreeNode, Integer>();
     
    public int houseRobber3(TreeNode root) {
        if(root == null) return 0;
        if(res.get(root) != null) return res.get(root);
        
        int includeRoot = root.val;
        if(root.left != null) {
            includeRoot += houseRobber3(root.left.left); 
            includeRoot += houseRobber3(root.left.right); 
        }
        if(root.right != null) {
            includeRoot += houseRobber3(root.right.left); 
            includeRoot += houseRobber3(root.right.right); 
        }

        int exceptRoot = houseRobber3(root.left) + houseRobber3(root.right);
        
        int val = Math.max(includeRoot, exceptRoot);
        res.put(root, val);
        return val;
    }
    
}