【学习笔记】深度学习实战 | PyTorch 入门（MLP为例）

简要声明

---

1. 学习相关网址
   1. [双语字幕]吴恩达深度学习deeplearning.ai
   2. Papers With Code
   3. Datasets
2. 深度学习网络基于PyTorch学习架构，代码测试可跑。
3. 本学习笔记单纯是为了能对学到的内容有更深入的理解，如果有错误的地方，恳请包容和指正。

参考文献

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1. PyTorch Tutorials [https://pytorch.org/tutorials/]
2. PyTorch Docs [https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/index.html]

简要介绍

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MLP (Multilayer Perceptron)

Dataset	MNIST
Input (feature maps)	32×32 (28×28)
CONV Layers	0
FC Layers	3
Activation	ReLU
Output	10

代码分析

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函数库调用

import torch
from torch import nn
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader
from torchvision import datasets
from torchvision.transforms import ToTensor

处理数据

数据下载

# 从开放数据集中下载训练数据
train_data = datasets.MNIST(
    root="data",
    train=True,
    download=True,
    transform=ToTensor(),
)

# 从开放数据集中下载测试数据
test_data = datasets.MNIST(
    root="data",
    train=False,
    download=True,
    transform=ToTensor(),
)

print(f'Number of training examples: {len(train_data)}')
print(f'Number of testing examples: {len(test_data)}')

Number of training examples: 60000
Number of testing examples: 10000

数据加载器（可选）

batch_size = 64

# 创建数据加载器
train_dataloader = DataLoader(train_data, batch_size=batch_size)
test_dataloader = DataLoader(test_data, batch_size=batch_size)

for X, y in test_dataloader:
    print(f"Shape of X [N, C, H, W]: {X.shape}")
    print(f"Shape of y: {y.shape} {y.dtype}")
    break

Shape of X [N, C, H, W]: torch.Size([64, 1, 28, 28])
Shape of y: torch.Size([64]) torch.int64

创建模型

# 选择训练设备
device = torch.device('cuda' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu')
print(f"Using {device} device")

Using cuda device

class MLP(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, input_dim, output_dim):
        super().__init__()

        self.input_layer = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Linear(input_dim, 250),
            nn.ReLU()
        )

        self.hidden_layer = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Linear(250, 100),
            nn.ReLU()
        )

        self.output_layer = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Linear(100, output_dim)
        )

    def forward(self, x):
        x = x.view(x.size(0), -1)
        x = self.input_layer(x)
        x = self.hidden_layer(x)
        x = self.output_layer(x)
        return x

model = MLP(28*28, 10).to(device)
print(model)

MLP(
(input_layer): Sequential(
(0): Linear(in_features=784, out_features=250, bias=True)
(1): ReLU()
)
(hidden_layer): Sequential(
(0): Linear(in_features=250, out_features=100, bias=True)
(1): ReLU()
)
(output_layer): Sequential(
(0): Linear(in_features=100, out_features=10, bias=True)
)
)

训练模型

选择损失函数和优化器

loss_fn = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(model.parameters(), lr=1e-3)

训练循环

def train(dataloader, model, loss_fn, optimizer):
    size = len(dataloader.dataset)
    model.train()
    for batch, (X, y) in enumerate(dataloader):
        X, y = X.to(device), y.to(device)

        # Compute prediction error
        pred = model(X)
        loss = loss_fn(pred, y)

        # Backpropagation
        loss.backward()
        optimizer.step()
        optimizer.zero_grad()

        if batch % 100 == 0:
            loss, current = loss.item(), (batch + 1) * len(X)
            print(f"loss: {loss:>7f}  [{current:>5d}/{size:>5d}]")

测试循环

def test(dataloader, model, loss_fn):
    size = len(dataloader.dataset)
    num_batches = len(dataloader)
    model.eval()
    test_loss, correct = 0, 0
    with torch.no_grad():
        for X, y in dataloader:
            X, y = X.to(device), y.to(device)
            pred = model(X)
            test_loss += loss_fn(pred, y).item()
            correct += (pred.argmax(1) == y).type(torch.float).sum().item()
    test_loss /= num_batches
    correct /= size
    print(f"Test Error: \n Accuracy: {(100*correct):>0.1f}%, Avg loss: {test_loss:>8f} \n")

训练模型

epochs = 5
for t in range(epochs):
    print(f"Epoch {t+1}\n-------------------------------")
    train(train_dataloader, model, loss_fn, optimizer)
    test(test_dataloader, model, loss_fn)
print("Done!")

Epoch 1

loss: 2.304649 [ 64/60000]
loss: 0.350683 [ 6464/60000]
loss: 0.267444 [12864/60000]
loss: 0.305221 [19264/60000]
loss: 0.200744 [25664/60000]
loss: 0.316856 [32064/60000]
loss: 0.156469 [38464/60000]
loss: 0.280946 [44864/60000]
loss: 0.291244 [51264/60000]
loss: 0.199387 [57664/60000]
Test Error:
Accuracy: 94.7%, Avg loss: 0.169173

模型处理

保存模型

torch.save(model.state_dict(), "model.pth")
print("Saved PyTorch Model State to model.pth")

Saved PyTorch Model State to model.pth

加载模型

model = MLP(28*28, 10).to(device)
model.load_state_dict(torch.load("model.pth"))

重要函数

---

torch.cuda.is_available()	返回一个布尔值，指示 CUDA 当前是否可用
nn.Sequential	用于存储 Module 的列表
nn.Linear	线性变换
nn.ReLU	修正线性单位函数
nn.CrossEntropyLoss	交叉熵损失
torch.optim.Adam	Adam 算法
torch.save	保存模型
torch.load	加载模型