使用keepalived实现双机热备

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-25 22:31:34 发布
jerry__yue
最新推荐文章于 2024-05-25 22:31:34 发布
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通常说的双机热备是指两台机器都在运行，但并不是两台机器都同时在提供服务。<br>当提供服务的一台出现故障的时候，另外一台会马上自动接管并且提供服务，而且切换的时间非常短。<br>下面来以keepalived结合tomcat来实现一个web服务器的双机热备。<br>keepalived的工作原理是VRRP（Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol）虚拟路由冗余协议。<br>在VRRP中有两组重要的概念：VRRP路由器和虚拟路由器，主控路由器和备份路由器。<br>VRRP路由器是指运行VRRP的路由器，是物理实体，虚拟路由器是指VRRP协议创建的，是逻辑概念。一组VRRP路由器协同工作，共同构成一台虚拟路由器。 Vrrp中存在着一种选举机制，用以选出提供服务的路由即主控路由，其他的则成了备份路由。当主控路由失效后，备份路由中会重新选举出一个主控路由，来继续工作，来保障不间断服务。<br>我们在本文中的测试环境如下<br>两台物理服务器和一个虚拟服务器(vip):<br>master：redhat 2.6.18-53.el5  192.168.8.4<br>backup: redhat 2.6.18-53.el5  192.168.8.6<br>vip： 192.168.8.100<br>测试环境的网络topology图如下:<br><img src="https://img-blog.csdn.net/20140920170549786" alt="" height="286" width="572"><br>节点A 192.168.8.4 (主节点), 节点B 192.168.8.6(备用节点)，虚拟IP(对外提供服务的IP 192.168.8.100)<br>在这种模式下，虚拟IP在某时刻只能属于某一个节点，另一个节点作为备用节点存在。<br>当主节点不可用时，备用节点接管虚拟IP（即虚拟IP漂移至节点B），提供正常服务。<br>keepalived的原理可以这样简单理解:<br>keepalived安装在两台物理服务器上，并相互监控对方是否在正常运行。<br>当节点A正常的时候:节点A上的keepalived会将下面的信息广播出去:<br>192.168.8.100 这个IP对应的MAC地址为节点A网卡的MAC地址<br>图中的其它电脑如客户端和NodeB会更新自己的ARP表，对应192.168.8.100的MAC地址=节点A网卡的MAC地址。<br>当节点A发生故障的时候，节点B上的keepalived会检测到，并且将下面的信息广播出去:<br>192.168.8.100 这个IP对应的MAC地址为节点B网卡的MAC地址<br>图中的其它电脑如客户端会更新自己的ARP表，对应192.168.8.100的MAC地址=节点B网卡的MAC地址。<br><br>1,在主备机器上安装keepalived，<br>步骤如下:下载keepalived-1.1.15.tar.gz，然后解压安装<br>#tar zxvf keepalived-1.1.15.tar.gz<br>#cd keepalived-1.1.15<br>#./configure<br>#make<br>#make install<br>2,配置keepalived<br>配置中的state MASTER决定了节点为主节点<br>priority决定了优先级，比如在有多个备用节点的时候，主节点故障后优先级值大的接管。<br>主节点的配置如下:<br><div class="dp-highlighter bg_html"><div class="bar"><div class="tools"><b>[html]</b> <a href="#" class="ViewSource" title="view plain" onclick="dp.sh.Toolbar.Command('ViewSource',this);return false;">view plain</a><span data-mod="popu_168"> <a href="#" class="CopyToClipboard" title="copy" onclick="dp.sh.Toolbar.Command('CopyToClipboard',this);return false;">copy</a><div style="position: absolute; left: 565px; top: 1776px; width: 18px; height: 18px; z-index: 99;"><embed id="ZeroClipboardMovie_1" src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/scripts/ZeroClipboard/ZeroClipboard.swf" loop="false" menu="false" quality="best" bgcolor="#ffffff" width="18" height="18" name="ZeroClipboardMovie_1" align="middle" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="false" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" pluginspage="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer" flashvars="id=1&width=18&height=18" wmode="transparent"></div></span><span data-mod="popu_169"> <a href="#" class="PrintSource" title="print" onclick="dp.sh.Toolbar.Command('PrintSource',this);return false;">print</a></span><a href="#" class="About" title="?" onclick="dp.sh.Toolbar.Command('About',this);return false;">?</a><span class="tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_167"><a href="https://code.csdn.net/snippets/472145" target="_blank" title="在CODE上查看代码片" style="text-indent:0;"><img src="https://code.csdn.net/assets/CODE_ico.png" width="12" height="12" alt="在CODE上查看代码片" style="position:relative;top:1px;left:2px;"></a></span><span class="tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_170"><a href="https://code.csdn.net/snippets/472145/fork" target="_blank" title="派生到我的代码片" style="text-indent:0;"><img src="https://code.csdn.net/assets/ico_fork.svg" width="12" height="12" alt="派生到我的代码片" style="position:relative;top:2px;left:2px;"></a></span></div></div><ol start="1" class="dp-xml"><li class="alt"><span><span>global_defs {  </span></span></li><li class=""><span>    router_id NodeA  </span></li><li class="alt"><span>}  </span></li><li class=""><span>vrrp_instance VI_1 {  </span></li><li class="alt"><span>    state MASTER    #设置为主服务器  </span></li><li class=""><span>    interface eth0  #监测网络接口  </span></li><li class="alt"><span>    virtual_router_id 51  #主、备必须一样  </span></li><li class=""><span>    priority 100   #(主、备机取不同的优先级，主机值较大，备份机值较小,值越大优先级越高)  </span></li><li class="alt"><span>    advert_int 1   #VRRP Multicast广播周期秒数  </span></li><li class=""><span>    authentication {  </span></li><li class="alt"><span>    auth_type PASS  #VRRP认证方式，主备必须一致  </span></li><li class=""><span>    auth_pass 1111   #(密码)  </span></li><li class="alt"><span>}  </span></li><li class=""><span>virtual_ipaddress {  </span></li><li class="alt"><span>    192.168.8.100/24  #VRRP HA虚拟地址  </span></li><li class=""><span>}  </span></li></ol><div class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:;"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets.png"></a></div></div><pre code_snippet_id="472145" snippet_file_name="blog_20140920_1_8099394" name="code" class="html" style="display: none;">global_defs {
    router_id NodeA
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER    #设置为主服务器
    interface eth0  #监测网络接口
    virtual_router_id 51  #主、备必须一样
    priority 100   #(主、备机取不同的优先级，主机值较大，备份机值较小,值越大优先级越高)
    advert_int 1   #VRRP Multicast广播周期秒数
    authentication {
	auth_type PASS  #VRRP认证方式，主备必须一致
	auth_pass 1111   #(密码)
}
virtual_ipaddress {
	192.168.8.100/24  #VRRP HA虚拟地址
}</pre>备用节点的配置如下:<br><div class="dp-highlighter bg_html"><div class="bar"><div class="tools"><b>[html]</b> <a href="#" class="ViewSource" title="view plain" onclick="dp.sh.Toolbar.Command('ViewSource',this);return false;">view plain</a><span data-mod="popu_168"> <a href="#" class="CopyToClipboard" title="copy" onclick="dp.sh.Toolbar.Command('CopyToClipboard',this);return false;">copy</a><div style="position: absolute; left: 565px; top: 2159px; width: 18px; height: 18px; z-index: 99;"><embed id="ZeroClipboardMovie_2" src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/scripts/ZeroClipboard/ZeroClipboard.swf" loop="false" menu="false" quality="best" bgcolor="#ffffff" width="18" height="18" name="ZeroClipboardMovie_2" align="middle" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="false" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" pluginspage="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer" flashvars="id=2&width=18&height=18" wmode="transparent"></div></span><span data-mod="popu_169"> <a href="#" class="PrintSource" title="print" onclick="dp.sh.Toolbar.Command('PrintSource',this);return false;">print</a></span><a href="#" class="About" title="?" onclick="dp.sh.Toolbar.Command('About',this);return false;">?</a><span class="tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_167"><a href="https://code.csdn.net/snippets/472145" target="_blank" title="在CODE上查看代码片" style="text-indent:0;"><img src="https://code.csdn.net/assets/CODE_ico.png" width="12" height="12" alt="在CODE上查看代码片" style="position:relative;top:1px;left:2px;"></a></span><span class="tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_170"><a href="https://code.csdn.net/snippets/472145/fork" target="_blank" title="派生到我的代码片" style="text-indent:0;"><img src="https://code.csdn.net/assets/ico_fork.svg" width="12" height="12" alt="派生到我的代码片" style="position:relative;top:2px;left:2px;"></a></span></div></div><ol start="1" class="dp-xml"><li class="alt"><span><span>global_defs {  </span></span></li><li class=""><span>    router_id NodeB  </span></li><li class="alt"><span>}  </span></li><li class=""><span>vrrp_instance VI_1 {  </span></li><li class="alt"><span>    state BACKUP    #设置为主服务器  </span></li><li class=""><span>    interface eth0  #监测网络接口  </span></li><li class="alt"><span>    virtual_router_id 51  #主、备必须一样  </span></li><li class=""><span>    priority 90   #(主、备机取不同的优先级，主机值较大，备份机值较小,值越大优先级越高)  </span></li><li class="alt"><span>    advert_int 1   #VRRP Multicast广播周期秒数  </span></li><li class=""><span>    authentication {  </span></li><li class="alt"><span>    auth_type PASS  #VRRP认证方式，主备必须一致  </span></li><li class=""><span>    auth_pass 1111   #(密码)  </span></li><li class="alt"><span>}  </span></li><li class=""><span>virtual_ipaddress {  </span></li><li class="alt"><span>    192.168.8.100/24  #VRRP HA虚拟地址  </span></li><li class=""><span>}  </span></li></ol><div class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:;"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets.png"></a></div></div><pre code_snippet_id="472145" snippet_file_name="blog_20140920_2_5144199" name="code" class="html" style="display: none;">global_defs {
    router_id NodeB
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP    #设置为主服务器
    interface eth0  #监测网络接口
    virtual_router_id 51  #主、备必须一样
	priority 90   #(主、备机取不同的优先级，主机值较大，备份机值较小,值越大优先级越高)
    advert_int 1   #VRRP Multicast广播周期秒数
    authentication {
	auth_type PASS  #VRRP认证方式，主备必须一致
	auth_pass 1111   #(密码)
}
virtual_ipaddress {
	192.168.8.100/24  #VRRP HA虚拟地址
}
</pre>3,启动keepalived:<br>keepalived -D -f /usr/local/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf<br>查看log消息:<br>tail -f /var/log/messages<br>启动主节点A后的日志为:会广播ARP消息<br><div class="dp-highlighter bg_html"><div class="bar"><div class="tools"><b>[html]</b> <a href="#" class="ViewSource" title="view plain" onclick="dp.sh.Toolbar.Command('ViewSource',this);return false;">view plain</a><span data-mod="popu_168"> <a href="#" class="CopyToClipboard" title="copy" onclick="dp.sh.Toolbar.Command('CopyToClipboard',this);return false;">copy</a><div style="position: absolute; left: 565px; top: 2646px; width: 18px; height: 18px; z-index: 99;"><embed id="ZeroClipboardMovie_3" src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/scripts/ZeroClipboard/ZeroClipboard.swf" loop="false" menu="false" quality="best" bgcolor="#ffffff" width="18" height="18" name="ZeroClipboardMovie_3" align="middle" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="false" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" pluginspage="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer" flashvars="id=3&width=18&height=18" wmode="transparent"></div></span><span data-mod="popu_169"> <a href="#" class="PrintSource" title="print" onclick="dp.sh.Toolbar.Command('PrintSource',this);return false;">print</a></span><a href="#" class="About" title="?" onclick="dp.sh.Toolbar.Command('About',this);return false;">?</a><span class="tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_167"><a href="https://code.csdn.net/snippets/472145" target="_blank" title="在CODE上查看代码片" style="text-indent:0;"><img src="https://code.csdn.net/assets/CODE_ico.png" width="12" height="12" alt="在CODE上查看代码片" style="position:relative;top:1px;left:2px;"></a></span><span class="tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_170"><a href="https://code.csdn.net/snippets/472145/fork" target="_blank" title="派生到我的代码片" style="text-indent:0;"><img src="https://code.csdn.net/assets/ico_fork.svg" width="12" height="12" alt="派生到我的代码片" style="position:relative;top:2px;left:2px;"></a></span></div></div><ol start="1" class="dp-xml"><li class="alt"><span><span>[root@srv4 ~]# tail -f /var/log/messages  </span></span></li><li class=""><span>Sep 20 01:45:29 srv4 Keepalived_vrrp: Configuration is using : 34546 Bytes  </span></li><li class="alt"><span>Sep 20 01:45:29 srv4 Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP sockpool: [ifindex(2), proto(112), fd(8,9)]  </span></li><li class=""><span>Sep 20 01:45:30 srv4 Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE  </span></li><li class="alt"><span>Sep 20 01:45:31 srv4 Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE  </span></li><li class=""><span>Sep 20 01:45:31 srv4 Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) setting protocol VIPs.  </span></li><li class="alt"><span>Sep 20 01:45:31 srv4 Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 192.168.8.100  </span></li><li class=""><span>Sep 20 01:45:31 srv4 Keepalived_vrrp: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.8.100 added  </span></li><li class="alt"><span>Sep 20 01:45:31 srv4 Keepalived_healthcheckers: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.8.100 added  </span></li><li class=""><span>Sep 20 01:45:31 srv4 avahi-daemon[4029]: Registering new address record for 192.168.8.100 on eth0.  </span></li><li class="alt"><span>Sep 20 01:45:36 srv4 Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 192.168.8.100  </span></li></ol><div class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249"><a href="javascript:;"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets.png"></a></div></div><pre code_snippet_id="472145" snippet_file_name="blog_20140920_3_4937239" name="code" class="html" style="display: none;">[root@srv4 ~]# tail -f /var/log/messages
Sep 20 01:45:29 srv4 Keepalived_vrrp: Configuration is using : 34546 Bytes
Sep 20 01:45:29 srv4 Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP sockpool: [ifindex(2), proto(112), fd(8,9)]
Sep 20 01:45:30 srv4 Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE
Sep 20 01:45:31 srv4 Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE
Sep 20 01:45:31 srv4 Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) setting protocol VIPs.
Sep 20 01:45:31 srv4 Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 192.168.8.100
Sep 20 01:45:31 srv4 Keepalived_vrrp: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.8.100 added
Sep 20 01:45:31 srv4 Keepalived_healthcheckers: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.8.100 added
Sep 20 01:45:31 srv4 avahi-daemon[4029]: Registering new address record for 192.168.8.100 on eth0.
Sep 20 01:45:36 srv4 Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 192.168.8.100</pre>通过ip a 命令可以看到192.168.8.100/24绑定到了eth0上<br><div class="dp-highlighter bg_html"><div class="bar"><div class="tools"><b>[html]</b> <a href="#" class="ViewSource" title="view plain" onclick="dp.sh.Toolbar.Command('ViewSource',this);return false;">view plain</a><span data-mod="popu_168"> <a href="#" class="CopyToClipboard" title="copy" onclick="dp.sh.Toolbar.Command('CopyToClipboard',this);return false;">copy</a><div style="position: absolute; left: 565px; top: 2974px; width: 18px; height: 18px; z-index: 99;"><embed id="ZeroClipboardMovie_4" src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/scripts/ZeroClipboard/ZeroClipboard.swf" loop="false" menu="false" quality="best" bgcolor="#ffffff" width="18" height="18" name="ZeroClipboardMovie_4" align="middle" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="false" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" pluginspage="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer" flashvars="id=4&width=18&height=18" wmode="transparent"></div></span><span data-mod="popu_169"> <a href="#" class="PrintSource" title="print" onclick="dp.sh.Toolbar.Command('PrintSource',this);return false;">print</a></span><a href="#" class="About" title="?" onclick="dp.sh.Toolbar.Command('About',this);return false;">?</a><span class="tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_167"><a href="https://code.csdn.net/snippets/472145" target="_blank" title="在CODE上查看代码片" style="text-indent:0;"><img src="https://code.csdn.net/assets/CODE_ico.png" width="12" height="12" alt="在CODE上查看代码片" style="position:relative;top:1px;left:2px;"></a></span><span class="tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_170"><a href="https://code.csdn.net/snippets/472145/fork" target="_blank" title="派生到我的代码片" style="text-indent:0;"><img src="https://code.csdn.net/assets/ico_fork.svg" width="12" height="12" alt="派生到我的代码片" style="position:relative;top:2px;left:2px;"></a></span></div></div><ol start="1" class="dp-xml"><li class="alt"><span><span>[root@srv4 bin]# ip a  </span></span></li><li class=""><span>1: lo: <span class="tag"><</span><span class="tag-name">LOOPBACK</span><span>,UP,LOWER_UP</span><span class="tag">></span><span> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue   </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span>    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00  </span></li><li class=""><span>    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo  </span></li><li class="alt"><span>    inet6 ::1/128 scope host   </span></li><li class=""><span>       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever  </span></li><li class="alt"><span>2: eth0: <span class="tag"><</span><span class="tag-name">BROADCAST</span><span>,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP</span><span class="tag">></span><span> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000  </span></span></li><li class=""><span>    link/ether 00:0c:29:50:2d:9d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff  </span></li><li class="alt"><span>    inet 192.168.8.4/24 brd 192.168.8.255 scope global eth0  </span></li><li class=""><span>    inet 192.168.8.100/24 scope global secondary eth0  </span></li><li class="alt"><span>    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe50:2d9d/64 scope link   </span></li><li class=""><span>       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever  </span></li></ol><div class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249"><a href="javascript:;"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets.png"></a></div></div><pre code_snippet_id="472145" snippet_file_name="blog_20140920_4_1960069" name="code" class="html" style="display: none;">[root@srv4 bin]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue 
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:50:2d:9d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.8.4/24 brd 192.168.8.255 scope global eth0
    inet 192.168.8.100/24 scope global secondary eth0
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe50:2d9d/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever</pre>启动备用节点B后的日志为:<br><div class="dp-highlighter bg_html"><div class="bar"><div class="tools"><b>[html]</b> <a href="#" class="ViewSource" title="view plain" onclick="dp.sh.Toolbar.Command('ViewSource',this);return false;">view plain</a><span data-mod="popu_168"> <a href="#" class="CopyToClipboard" title="copy" onclick="dp.sh.Toolbar.Command('CopyToClipboard',this);return false;">copy</a><div style="position: absolute; left: 565px; top: 3285px; width: 18px; height: 18px; z-index: 99;"><embed id="ZeroClipboardMovie_5" src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/scripts/ZeroClipboard/ZeroClipboard.swf" loop="false" menu="false" quality="best" bgcolor="#ffffff" width="18" height="18" name="ZeroClipboardMovie_5" align="middle" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="false" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" pluginspage="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer" flashvars="id=5&width=18&height=18" wmode="transparent"></div></span><span data-mod="popu_169"> <a href="#" class="PrintSource" title="print" onclick="dp.sh.Toolbar.Command('PrintSource',this);return false;">print</a></span><a href="#" class="About" title="?" onclick="dp.sh.Toolbar.Command('About',this);return false;">?</a><span class="tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_167"><a href="https://code.csdn.net/snippets/472145" target="_blank" title="在CODE上查看代码片" style="text-indent:0;"><img src="https://code.csdn.net/assets/CODE_ico.png" width="12" height="12" alt="在CODE上查看代码片" style="position:relative;top:1px;left:2px;"></a></span><span class="tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_170"><a href="https://code.csdn.net/snippets/472145/fork" target="_blank" title="派生到我的代码片" style="text-indent:0;"><img src="https://code.csdn.net/assets/ico_fork.svg" width="12" height="12" alt="派生到我的代码片" style="position:relative;top:2px;left:2px;"></a></span></div></div><ol start="1" class="dp-xml"><li class="alt"><span><span>Sep 20 01:47:31 hadoopsrv Keepalived_vrrp: Configuration is using : 34262 Bytes  </span></span></li><li class=""><span>Sep 20 01:47:31 hadoopsrv Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE  </span></li><li class="alt"><span>Sep 20 01:47:31 hadoopsrv Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP sockpool: [ifindex(2), proto(112), fd(7,8)]  </span></li><li class=""><span>Sep 20 01:47:31 hadoopsrv Keepalived: Starting VRRP child process, <span class="attribute">pid</span><span>=</span><span class="attribute-value">20567</span><span>  </span></span></li></ol><div class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249"><a href="javascript:;"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets.png"></a></div></div><pre code_snippet_id="472145" snippet_file_name="blog_20140920_4_2570688" name="code" class="html" style="display: none;">Sep 20 01:47:31 hadoopsrv Keepalived_vrrp: Configuration is using : 34262 Bytes
Sep 20 01:47:31 hadoopsrv Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE
Sep 20 01:47:31 hadoopsrv Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP sockpool: [ifindex(2), proto(112), fd(7,8)]
Sep 20 01:47:31 hadoopsrv Keepalived: Starting VRRP child process, pid=20567</pre><br>4，在两台机器上安装tomcat，安装步骤省略<br>安装完成后在节点A的机器上创建一个html文件内容如下<br><div class="dp-highlighter bg_html"><div class="bar"><div class="tools"><b>[html]</b> <a href="#" class="ViewSource" title="view plain" onclick="dp.sh.Toolbar.Command('ViewSource',this);return false;">view plain</a><span data-mod="popu_168"> <a href="#" class="CopyToClipboard" title="copy" onclick="dp.sh.Toolbar.Command('CopyToClipboard',this);return false;">copy</a><div style="position: absolute; left: 565px; top: 3504px; width: 18px; height: 18px; z-index: 99;"><embed id="ZeroClipboardMovie_6" src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/scripts/ZeroClipboard/ZeroClipboard.swf" loop="false" menu="false" quality="best" bgcolor="#ffffff" width="18" height="18" name="ZeroClipboardMovie_6" align="middle" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="false" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" pluginspage="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer" flashvars="id=6&width=18&height=18" wmode="transparent"></div></span><span data-mod="popu_169"> <a href="#" class="PrintSource" title="print" onclick="dp.sh.Toolbar.Command('PrintSource',this);return false;">print</a></span><a href="#" class="About" title="?" onclick="dp.sh.Toolbar.Command('About',this);return false;">?</a><span class="tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_167"><a href="https://code.csdn.net/snippets/472145" target="_blank" title="在CODE上查看代码片" style="text-indent:0;"><img src="https://code.csdn.net/assets/CODE_ico.png" width="12" height="12" alt="在CODE上查看代码片" style="position:relative;top:1px;left:2px;"></a></span><span class="tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_170"><a href="https://code.csdn.net/snippets/472145/fork" target="_blank" title="派生到我的代码片" style="text-indent:0;"><img src="https://code.csdn.net/assets/ico_fork.svg" width="12" height="12" alt="派生到我的代码片" style="position:relative;top:2px;left:2px;"></a></span></div></div><ol start="1" class="dp-xml"><li class="alt"><span><span>this is the test page  </span></span></li><li class=""><span><span class="tag"><</span><span class="tag-name">br</span><span class="tag">></span><span>  </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span>from server 192.168.8.4  </span></li></ol><div class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:;"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets.png"></a></div></div><pre code_snippet_id="472145" snippet_file_name="blog_20140920_7_2506214" name="code" class="html" style="display: none;">this is the test page
<br>
from server 192.168.8.4</pre>通过下面的url验证能够正常访问<br>http://192.168.8.4:8080/test/test.html<br><br>安装完成后在节点B的机器上创建一个html文件内容如下<br><div class="dp-highlighter bg_html"><div class="bar"><div class="tools"><b>[html]</b> <a href="#" class="ViewSource" title="view plain" onclick="dp.sh.Toolbar.Command('ViewSource',this);return false;">view plain</a><span data-mod="popu_168"> <a href="#" class="CopyToClipboard" title="copy" onclick="dp.sh.Toolbar.Command('CopyToClipboard',this);return false;">copy</a><div style="position: absolute; left: 565px; top: 3731px; width: 18px; height: 18px; z-index: 99;"><embed id="ZeroClipboardMovie_7" src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/scripts/ZeroClipboard/ZeroClipboard.swf" loop="false" menu="false" quality="best" bgcolor="#ffffff" width="18" height="18" name="ZeroClipboardMovie_7" align="middle" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="false" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" pluginspage="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer" flashvars="id=7&width=18&height=18" wmode="transparent"></div></span><span data-mod="popu_169"> <a href="#" class="PrintSource" title="print" onclick="dp.sh.Toolbar.Command('PrintSource',this);return false;">print</a></span><a href="#" class="About" title="?" onclick="dp.sh.Toolbar.Command('About',this);return false;">?</a><span class="tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_167"><a href="https://code.csdn.net/snippets/472145" target="_blank" title="在CODE上查看代码片" style="text-indent:0;"><img src="https://code.csdn.net/assets/CODE_ico.png" width="12" height="12" alt="在CODE上查看代码片" style="position:relative;top:1px;left:2px;"></a></span><span class="tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_170"><a href="https://code.csdn.net/snippets/472145/fork" target="_blank" title="派生到我的代码片" style="text-indent:0;"><img src="https://code.csdn.net/assets/ico_fork.svg" width="12" height="12" alt="派生到我的代码片" style="position:relative;top:2px;left:2px;"></a></span></div></div><ol start="1" class="dp-xml"><li class="alt"><span><span>this is the test page  </span></span></li><li class=""><span><span class="tag"><</span><span class="tag-name">br</span><span class="tag">></span><span>  </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span>from server 192.168.8.6  </span></li></ol><div class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249"><a href="javascript:;"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets.png"></a></div></div><pre code_snippet_id="472145" snippet_file_name="blog_20140920_8_8187815" name="code" class="html" style="display: none;">this is the test page
<br>
from server 192.168.8.6</pre>通过下面的url验证能够正常访问<br>http://192.168.8.6:8080/test/test.html<br>在主节点，节点A正常的时候通过下面的url访问<br>192.168.8.100:8080/test/test.html<br>返回的内容应该为主节点上的html<br><div class="dp-highlighter bg_html"><div class="bar"><div class="tools"><b>[html]</b> <a href="#" class="ViewSource" title="view plain" onclick="dp.sh.Toolbar.Command('ViewSource',this);return false;">view plain</a><span data-mod="popu_168"> <a href="#" class="CopyToClipboard" title="copy" onclick="dp.sh.Toolbar.Command('CopyToClipboard',this);return false;">copy</a><div style="position: absolute; left: 565px; top: 3984px; width: 18px; height: 18px; z-index: 99;"><embed id="ZeroClipboardMovie_8" src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/scripts/ZeroClipboard/ZeroClipboard.swf" loop="false" menu="false" quality="best" bgcolor="#ffffff" width="18" height="18" name="ZeroClipboardMovie_8" align="middle" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="false" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" pluginspage="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer" flashvars="id=8&width=18&height=18" wmode="transparent"></div></span><span data-mod="popu_169"> <a href="#" class="PrintSource" title="print" onclick="dp.sh.Toolbar.Command('PrintSource',this);return false;">print</a></span><a href="#" class="About" title="?" onclick="dp.sh.Toolbar.Command('About',this);return false;">?</a><span class="tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_167"><a href="https://code.csdn.net/snippets/472145" target="_blank" title="在CODE上查看代码片" style="text-indent:0;"><img src="https://code.csdn.net/assets/CODE_ico.png" width="12" height="12" alt="在CODE上查看代码片" style="position:relative;top:1px;left:2px;"></a></span><span class="tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_170"><a href="https://code.csdn.net/snippets/472145/fork" target="_blank" title="派生到我的代码片" style="text-indent:0;"><img src="https://code.csdn.net/assets/ico_fork.svg" width="12" height="12" alt="派生到我的代码片" style="position:relative;top:2px;left:2px;"></a></span></div></div><ol start="1" class="dp-xml"><li class="alt"><span><span>this is the test page  </span></span></li><li class=""><span><span class="tag"><</span><span class="tag-name">br</span><span class="tag">></span><span>  </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span>from server 192.168.8.4  </span></li></ol><div class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249"><a href="javascript:;"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets.png"></a></div></div><pre code_snippet_id="472145" snippet_file_name="blog_20140920_7_2506214" name="code" class="html" style="display: none;">this is the test page
<br>
from server 192.168.8.4</pre>将节点A的keepalived停止: killall keepalived<br>通过下面的url访问<br>192.168.8.100:8080/test/test.html<br>返回的内容应该为备用节点上的内容<br><div class="dp-highlighter bg_html"><div class="bar"><div class="tools"><b>[html]</b> <a href="#" class="ViewSource" title="view plain" onclick="dp.sh.Toolbar.Command('ViewSource',this);return false;">view plain</a><span data-mod="popu_168"> <a href="#" class="CopyToClipboard" title="copy" onclick="dp.sh.Toolbar.Command('CopyToClipboard',this);return false;">copy</a><div style="position: absolute; left: 565px; top: 4211px; width: 18px; height: 18px; z-index: 99;"><embed id="ZeroClipboardMovie_9" src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/scripts/ZeroClipboard/ZeroClipboard.swf" loop="false" menu="false" quality="best" bgcolor="#ffffff" width="18" height="18" name="ZeroClipboardMovie_9" align="middle" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="false" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" pluginspage="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer" flashvars="id=9&width=18&height=18" wmode="transparent"></div></span><span data-mod="popu_169"> <a href="#" class="PrintSource" title="print" onclick="dp.sh.Toolbar.Command('PrintSource',this);return false;">print</a></span><a href="#" class="About" title="?" onclick="dp.sh.Toolbar.Command('About',this);return false;">?</a><span class="tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_167"><a href="https://code.csdn.net/snippets/472145" target="_blank" title="在CODE上查看代码片" style="text-indent:0;"><img src="https://code.csdn.net/assets/CODE_ico.png" width="12" height="12" alt="在CODE上查看代码片" style="position:relative;top:1px;left:2px;"></a></span><span class="tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_170"><a href="https://code.csdn.net/snippets/472145/fork" target="_blank" title="派生到我的代码片" style="text-indent:0;"><img src="https://code.csdn.net/assets/ico_fork.svg" width="12" height="12" alt="派生到我的代码片" style="position:relative;top:2px;left:2px;"></a></span></div></div><ol start="1" class="dp-xml"><li class="alt"><span><span>this is the test page  </span></span></li><li class=""><span><span class="tag"><</span><span class="tag-name">br</span><span class="tag">></span><span>  </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span>from server 192.168.8.6  </span></li></ol><div class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249"><a href="javascript:;"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets.png"></a></div></div><pre code_snippet_id="472145" snippet_file_name="blog_20140920_8_8187815" name="code" class="html" style="display: none;">this is the test page
<br>
from server 192.168.8.6</pre>同时查看节点B的日志:发现节点B转为主节点并且会广播ARP消息<br><div class="dp-highlighter bg_html"><div class="bar"><div class="tools"><b>[html]</b> <a href="#" class="ViewSource" title="view plain" onclick="dp.sh.Toolbar.Command('ViewSource',this);return false;">view plain</a><span data-mod="popu_168"> <a href="#" class="CopyToClipboard" title="copy" onclick="dp.sh.Toolbar.Command('CopyToClipboard',this);return false;">copy</a><div style="position: absolute; left: 565px; top: 4360px; width: 18px; height: 18px; z-index: 99;"><embed id="ZeroClipboardMovie_10" src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/scripts/ZeroClipboard/ZeroClipboard.swf" loop="false" menu="false" quality="best" bgcolor="#ffffff" width="18" height="18" name="ZeroClipboardMovie_10" align="middle" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="false" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" pluginspage="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer" flashvars="id=10&width=18&height=18" wmode="transparent"></div></span><span data-mod="popu_169"> <a href="#" class="PrintSource" title="print" onclick="dp.sh.Toolbar.Command('PrintSource',this);return false;">print</a></span><a href="#" class="About" title="?" onclick="dp.sh.Toolbar.Command('About',this);return false;">?</a><span class="tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_167"><a href="https://code.csdn.net/snippets/472145" target="_blank" title="在CODE上查看代码片" style="text-indent:0;"><img src="https://code.csdn.net/assets/CODE_ico.png" width="12" height="12" alt="在CODE上查看代码片" style="position:relative;top:1px;left:2px;"></a></span><span class="tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_170"><a href="https://code.csdn.net/snippets/472145/fork" target="_blank" title="派生到我的代码片" style="text-indent:0;"><img src="https://code.csdn.net/assets/ico_fork.svg" width="12" height="12" alt="派生到我的代码片" style="position:relative;top:2px;left:2px;"></a></span></div></div><ol start="1" class="dp-xml"><li class="alt"><span><span>Sep 20 01:55:44 hadoopsrv Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE  </span></span></li><li class=""><span>Sep 20 01:55:45 hadoopsrv Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE  </span></li><li class="alt"><span>Sep 20 01:55:45 hadoopsrv Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) setting protocol VIPs.  </span></li><li class=""><span>Sep 20 01:55:45 hadoopsrv Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 192.168.8.100  </span></li><li class="alt"><span>Sep 20 01:55:45 hadoopsrv avahi-daemon[3769]: Registering new address record for 192.168.8.100 on eth0.  </span></li><li class=""><span>Sep 20 01:55:50 hadoopsrv Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 192.168.8.100  </span></li></ol><div class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:;"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets.png"></a></div></div><pre code_snippet_id="472145" snippet_file_name="blog_20140920_9_8852906" name="code" class="html" style="display: none;">Sep 20 01:55:44 hadoopsrv Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE
Sep 20 01:55:45 hadoopsrv Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE
Sep 20 01:55:45 hadoopsrv Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) setting protocol VIPs.
Sep 20 01:55:45 hadoopsrv Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 192.168.8.100
Sep 20 01:55:45 hadoopsrv avahi-daemon[3769]: Registering new address record for 192.168.8.100 on eth0.
Sep 20 01:55:50 hadoopsrv Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 192.168.8.100</pre><br>本文的目的主要是演示keepalived实现双机热备的功能和过程。<br>对于应用本身(tomcat)发生错误，以及"脑裂"等问题是不能解决的。   
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使用keepalived实现双机热备

<div id="article_content" class="article_content">通常说的双机热备是指两台机器都在运行，但并不是两台机器都同时在提供服务。<br>当提供服务的一台出现故障的时候，另外一台会马上自动接管并且提供服务，而且切换的时间非常短。<br>下面来以keepalived结合tomcat来实现一个web服务器的双机热备。&l...
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