今天在查看项目中Map模块,学到了java观察者模式,再次记录下,以便以后查阅。
JDK1.2后,Java提供了对观察者模式的支持接口和实现类。
其中接口 java.util.Observer 用来指定观察者,观察者必须实现 void update(Observable o, Object arg) 方法。
而 java.util.Observable 用来指定观察物(被观察者、可被观察的),并且提供了一系列的方法。读者可以很轻易的使用这个接口和实现类来实现观察者模式。
java.util.Observer 只有一个简单的方法 void update(Observable o, Object arg)
其中,参数 Observable o 用于指定触发 update 方法的对象, Object arg 用于指定触发 update 方法时候的附加参数。
如果有桌面应用开发的读者应该很了解,这跟事件处理机制是完全一样的,其中 Observable o 可被看作事件源。 Object arg 可被看作消息。
具体Map是这么用的,Map需要做一个放大缩小的功能。ZoomState作为被观察者,MapZoomView作为观察者,当ZoomState发声变化,MapZoomView就根据ZoomState的参数发生变化。
这边做一个小例子:
package com.jeff;
import java.util.Observable;
public class Publisher extends Observable {
private String magazineName;
public String getMagazineName() {
return magazineName;
}
public void publish(String magazineName) {
this.magazineName = magazineName;
setChanged();
notifyObservers(this);
}
}
package com.jeff;
import java.util.Observable;
import java.util.Observer;
public class Reader implements Observer {
@Override
public void update(Observable o, Object arg1) {
Publisher p = (Publisher) o;
System.out.println("我要订阅" + p.getMagazineName());
}
}
这边附上java.util.Observable的源码:
/**
* @(#)Observable.java 1.39 05/11/17
*
* Copyright 2006 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
* SUN PROPRIETARY/CONFIDENTIAL. Use is subject to license terms.
*/
package java.util;
/***
* This class represents an observable object, or "data"
* in the model-view paradigm. It can be subclassed to represent an
* object that the application wants to have observed.
* <p>
* An observable object can have one or more observers. An observer
* may be any object that implements interface <tt>Observer</tt>. After an
* observable instance changes, an application calling the
* <code>Observable</code>'s <code>notifyObservers</code> method
* causes all of its observers to be notified of the change by a call
* to their <code>update</code> method.
* <p>
* The order in which notifications will be delivered is unspecified.
* The default implementation provided in the Observable class will
* notify Observers in the order in which they registered interest, but
* subclasses may change this order, use no guaranteed order, deliver
* notifications on separate threads, or may guarantee that their
* subclass follows this order, as they choose.
* <p>
* Note that this notification mechanism is has nothing to do with threads
* and is completely separate from the <tt>wait</tt> and <tt>notify</tt>
* mechanism of class <tt>Object</tt>.
* <p>
* When an observable object is newly created, its set of observers is
* empty. Two observers are considered the same if and only if the
* <tt>equals</tt> method returns true for them.
*
* @author Chris Warth
* @version 1.39, 11/17/05
* @see java.util.Observable#notifyObservers()
* @see java.util.Observable#notifyObservers(java.lang.Object)
* @see java.util.Observer
* @see java.util.Observer#update(java.util.Observable, java.lang.Object)
* @since JDK1.0
*/
public class Observable {
private boolean changed = false;
private Vector obs;
/*** Construct an Observable with zero Observers. */
public Observable() {
obs = new Vector();
}
/***
* Adds an observer to the set of observers for this object, provided
* that it is not the same as some observer already in the set.
* The order in which notifications will be delivered to multiple
* observers is not specified. See the class comment.
*
* @param o an observer to be added.
* @throws NullPointerException if the parameter o is null.
*/
public synchronized void addObserver(Observer o) {
if (o == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
if (!obs.contains(o)) {
obs.addElement(o);
}
}
/***
* Deletes an observer from the set of observers of this object.
* Passing <CODE>null</CODE> to this method will have no effect.
* @param o the observer to be deleted.
*/
public synchronized void deleteObserver(Observer o) {
obs.removeElement(o);
}
/***
* If this object has changed, as indicated by the
* <code>hasChanged</code> method, then notify all of its observers
* and then call the <code>clearChanged</code> method to
* indicate that this object has no longer changed.
* <p>
* Each observer has its <code>update</code> method called with two
* arguments: this observable object and <code>null</code>. In other
* words, this method is equivalent to:
* <blockquote><tt>
* notifyObservers(null)</tt></blockquote>
*
* @see java.util.Observable#clearChanged()
* @see java.util.Observable#hasChanged()
* @see java.util.Observer#update(java.util.Observable, java.lang.Object)
*/
public void notifyObservers() {
notifyObservers(null);
}
/***
* If this object has changed, as indicated by the
* <code>hasChanged</code> method, then notify all of its observers
* and then call the <code>clearChanged</code> method to indicate
* that this object has no longer changed.
* <p>
* Each observer has its <code>update</code> method called with two
* arguments: this observable object and the <code>arg</code> argument.
*
* @param arg any object.
* @see java.util.Observable#clearChanged()
* @see java.util.Observable#hasChanged()
* @see java.util.Observer#update(java.util.Observable, java.lang.Object)
*/
public void notifyObservers(Object arg) {
/**
* a temporary array buffer, used as a snapshot of the state of
* current Observers.
*/
Object[] arrLocal;
synchronized (this) {
/** We don't want the Observer doing callbacks into
* arbitrary code while holding its own Monitor.
* The code where we extract each Observable from
* the Vector and store the state of the Observer
* needs synchronization, but notifying observers
* does not (should not). The worst result of any
* potential race-condition here is that:
* 1) a newly-added Observer will miss a
* notification in progress
* 2) a recently unregistered Observer will be
* wrongly notified when it doesn't care
*/
if (!changed)
return;
arrLocal = obs.toArray();
clearChanged();
}
for (int i = arrLocal.length-1; i>=0; i--)
((Observer)arrLocal[i]).update(this, arg);
}
/***
* Clears the observer list so that this object no longer has any observers.
*/
public synchronized void deleteObservers() {
obs.removeAllElements();
}
/***
* Marks this <tt>Observable</tt> object as having been changed; the
* <tt>hasChanged</tt> method will now return <tt>true</tt>.
*/
protected synchronized void setChanged() {
changed = true;
}
/***
* Indicates that this object has no longer changed, or that it has
* already notified all of its observers of its most recent change,
* so that the <tt>hasChanged</tt> method will now return <tt>false</tt>.
* This method is called automatically by the
* <code>notifyObservers</code> methods.
*
* @see java.util.Observable#notifyObservers()
* @see java.util.Observable#notifyObservers(java.lang.Object)
*/
protected synchronized void clearChanged() {
changed = false;
}
/***
* Tests if this object has changed.
*
* @return <code>true</code> if and only if the <code>setChanged</code>
* method has been called more recently than the
* <code>clearChanged</code> method on this object;
* <code>false</code> otherwise.
* @see java.util.Observable#clearChanged()
* @see java.util.Observable#setChanged()
*/
public synchronized boolean hasChanged() {
return changed;
}
/***
* Returns the number of observers of this <tt>Observable</tt> object.
*
* @return the number of observers of this object.
*/
public synchronized int countObservers() {
return obs.size();
}
}
java.util.Observer的源码:
/** * @(#)Observer.java 1.20 05/11/17 * * Copyright 2006 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved. * SUN PROPRIETARY/CONFIDENTIAL. Use is subject to license terms. */ package java.util; /*** * A class can implement the <code>Observer</code> interface when it * wants to be informed of changes in observable objects. * * @author Chris Warth * @version 1.20, 11/17/05 * @see java.util.Observable * @since JDK1.0 */ public interface Observer { /*** * This method is called whenever the observed object is changed. An * application calls an <tt>Observable</tt> object's * <code>notifyObservers</code> method to have all the object's * observers notified of the change. * * @param o the observable object. * @param arg an argument passed to the <code>notifyObservers</code> * method. */ void update(Observable o, Object arg); }