文章目录
前言
什么是IDE?
IDE = 文本编辑 + 搜索 + 代码导航 + 编译调试 + 测试 + …
JetBrains系列功能强大，但也挺耗资源的，vscode相对轻量级一点，且插件众多，日新月异，不可不学。我实际上这两个IDE是一起用的。
我主要使用四大编程语言：Java、Python、JS/TS和golang。
- Java主要做RESTful API server，以及和各种后端数据打交道。以及Android应用。
- Python主要写爬虫和深度学习程序
- Javascript/typescript主要写前端Vue/React程序，以及小部分Electron程序
- golang还不精通，主要写一些小工具，网络相关的居多
为了方便日后查阅，特把个人的配置整理出来。下面都是针对MacOS环境的设置。
在vscode里配置java开发比较繁琐，其它几个语言相对容易些。如果搞掂了这四种语言，意味着我一个Mac本上可以同时跑多个工程，不用担心卡顿了。
vscode主要配置
settings.json是主要配置文件，settings.json可以放在工作区(.vscode/settings.json），也可以放在用户区和全局下。
优先级：工作区>用户>全局默认，前面的配置覆盖后面的，这样做的好处是你可以为不同工作区、不同用户做不同配置，而不会互相干扰。
例如在MacOS下：~/Library/Application Support/code/User/settings.json就是用户区的。全局的在安装目录下。
vscode的两个主要快捷键
ctrl+p 文件搜索快捷键
ctrl+shift+p 命令快捷键
command + , 调出设置
创建你的代码模版
选择菜单里的 文件 > 首选项 > 用户代码片段，使用 $1，$2 等指定光标位置，这些数字指定了光标跳转的顺序，$0表示最终光标位置。
下面是一个创建react native组件的模板:
{
// Place your 全局 snippets here. Each snippet is defined under a snippet name and has a scope, prefix, body and
// description. Add comma separated ids of the languages where the snippet is applicable in the scope field. If scope
// is left empty or omitted, the snippet gets applied to all languages. The prefix is what is
// used to trigger the snippet and the body will be expanded and inserted. Possible variables are:
// $1, $2 for tab stops, $0 for the final cursor position, and ${1:label}, ${2:another} for placeholders.
// Placeholders with the same ids are connected.
// Example:
"react native component template": {
"prefix": "react",
"body": [
"/**",
"* @file ${2: $TM_FILENAME_BASE}",
"* @date $CURRENT_YEAR-$CURRENT_MONTH-$CURRENT_DATE",
"*/",
"$0",
"",
"import React from 'react';",
"import {",
" View,",
" Text,",
" StyleSheet",
"} from 'react-native';",
"import { useEffect, useState } from 'react';",
"import PropTypes from 'prop-types';",
"",
"const $TM_FILENAME_BASE = (props) => { ",
" const [state, setState] = useState()",
" const fetchData = () => {",
" try {",
" fetch('')",
" .then((response) => response.json())",
" .then((responseJson) => { ",
" })",
" .catch((error) => {",
" console.error(error);",
" });",
" } catch (error) {",
" console.error(error);",
" } finally {",
" ",
" }",
" return <View></View>",
"};",
"",
"$TM_FILENAME_BASE.propTypes = {};",
"const styles = StyleSheet.create({",
" container: {",
" justifyContent: 'center',",
" flex: 1",
" }",
"})",
"",
"export default $TM_FILENAME_BASE;",
],
"description": "React Native Component Template"
}
}
Java
目标：在vscode中运行和调试SpringBoot应用，执行gradle构建，和执行JUnit测试用例。
先总结一下:
- vscode打开带pom.xml或build.gradle的文件夹时，会自动识别为java project。没有任何build tool的文件夹被视为unmanaged foldler，就得手工配置Java runtime和source folder以及classpath了。
- vscode通过maven和gradle插件，可以分别创建maven project和gradle project。注意，目前不支持Android工程，搞Android开发还是老老实实用Android Studio吧。
有时遇到不能正确识别出Java project，可以尝试清除vscode缓存，在~/Library/ApplicationSupport/Code/User/workspaceStorage下，都删除好了。也可以安装Workspaces clean cache这个插件。
配置JDK和Gradle环境
先查看机器上装有哪些JDK版本:
/usr/libexec/java_home -V
Matching Java Virtual Machines (6):
17.0.5 (x86_64) "JetBrains s.r.o." - "JBR-17.0.5+1-653.23-nomod 17.0.5" /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jbr-17.0.5-osx-x64-b653.23/Contents/Home
17.0.5 (x86_64) "Eclipse Adoptium" - "OpenJDK 17.0.5" /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/temurin-17.jdk/Contents/Home
17.0.1 (x86_64) "Oracle Corporation" - "OpenJDK 17.0.1" /Users/ku/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/openjdk-17.0.1/Contents/Home
16.0.2 (x86_64) "Amazon.com Inc." - "Amazon Corretto 16" /Users/ku/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/corretto-16.0.2/Contents/Home
1.8.351.10 (x86_64) "Oracle Corporation" - "Java" /Library/Internet Plug-Ins/JavaAppletPlugin.plugin/Contents/Home
1.8.0_181 (x86_64) "Oracle Corporation" - "Java SE 8" /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_181.jdk/Contents/Home
/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jbr-17.0.5-osx-x64-b653.23/Contents/Home
可以根据需要切换一下JDK版本:
export JAVA_HOME=
/usr/libexec/java_home -v 17
然后，在settings.json中，配置java.home和gradle.home:
"java.jdt.ls.java.home": "/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jbr-17.0.5-osx-x64-b653.23/Contents/Home",
"spring-boot.ls.java.home": "/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jbr-17.0.5-osx-x64-b653.23/Contents/Home",
"java.import.gradle.home": "/opt/gradle-7.5.1"
主要插件
- Java Extension for Pack
- Spring Boot Extension Pack
- Gradle Extension Pack
- Gradle Language Support
- Lombok: 智能生成 setter getter toString
常见的配置
{
"java.compile.nullAnalysis.mode": "disabled",
"java.dependency.packagePresentation": "hierarchical"
}
launch.json配置
{
"configurations": [
{
"type": "java",
"name": "Spring Boot-BudgetApplication<budget>",
"request": "launch",
"cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
"console": "internalConsole",
"mainClass": "com.someone.budget.BudgetApplication",
"projectName": "cms",
"args": ["--module-path","lib/javafx-sdk-13/lib","--add-modules=javafx.controls"]
}
]
args和vmArgs都有两种写法：
“vmArgs”: “-Xms256m -Xmx1g -Dserver=production”
或者：
“vmArgs”: [“-Xms256m”, “-Xmx1g”, “-Dserver=production”]
运行测试用例
正常在测试视图里能列出所有的测试用例。如果要查看用例中System.out.println()输出，切换到窗口:
常见问题
- 无法找到Test
解析：vscode没有识别出java工程，所以无法enable java test。可以清理vscode缓存和无关的文件，然后重新导入 - 命令行编译正确，但vscode问题里一堆的编译错误
解析：估计装了过多的插件，导致部分插件误报问题
红框标出的插件不用装，这也是vscode的一大问题：插件太繁荣，有时装多了会起冲突。 - For queries with named parameters you need to use provide names for method parameters. Use @Param for query method parameters, or when on Java 8+ use the javac flag -parameters.; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalStateException: For queries with named parameters you need to use provide names for method parameters. Use @Param for query method parameters, or when on Java 8+ use the javac flag -parameters.
这个问题是需要给java compiler加上一个参数：-parameters
在settings.json中定义：
"java.settings.url": "/pathto/settings.prefs"
然后，新建一个文件settings.prefs，放到任意位置均可，内容如下:
org.eclipse.jdt.core.compiler.codegen.methodParameters=generate
常用快捷键
Shift+Alt+O ：自动导入包
Ctrl + Command + B ：跳到实现
Python
主要插件
settings.json配置
{
"python.testing.unittestEnabled": false,
"python.testing.nosetestsEnabled": false,
"python.testing.pytestEnabled": true,
"python.testing.autoTestDiscoverOnSaveEnabled": true,
"python.testing.pytestArgs": [
".",
"--capture=no",
"-q",
"--disable-warnings"
],
}
launch.json配置示例
{
// Use IntelliSense to learn about possible attributes.
// Hover to view descriptions of existing attributes.
// For more information, visit: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387
"version": "0.2.0",
"configurations": [
{
"name": "Python",
"type": "python",
"request": "launch",
"stopOnEntry": false,
"pythonPath": "C:\\Users\\hetao\\anaconda3\\python.exe",
"program": "${file}",
"cwd": "${workspaceRoot}",
"env": {},
"envFile": "${workspaceRoot}/.env",
"debugOptions": [
"WaitOnAbnormalExit",
"WaitOnNormalExit",
"RedirectOutput"
]
}
]
}
Javascript/typescript
vscode对于typescript的支持最为友好，因为它本身就是用ts开发的。
常用插件
settings.json样例
{
"cSpell.words": ["Element Plus", "element-plus"],
"typescript.tsdk": "node_modules/typescript/lib",
"editor.formatOnSave": true,
"npm.packageManager": "pnpm",
"eslint.probe": [
"javascript",
"javascriptreact",
"typescript",
"typescriptreact",
"html",
"vue",
"markdown",
"json",
"jsonc"
],
"eslint.validate": [
"javascript",
"javascriptreact",
"typescript",
"typescriptreact",
"html",
"vue",
"markdown",
"json",
"jsonc"
],
"vite.devCommand": "pnpm run dev -- --",
"i18n-ally.localesPaths": "packages/locale/lang",
"i18n-ally.enabledParsers": ["ts"],
"i18n-ally.enabledFrameworks": ["vue", "vue-sfc"],
"i18n-ally.keystyle": "nested",
"iconify.includes": ["ep"],
"unocss.root": "./docs"
}
Golang
主要插件
- Go for Visual Studio Code
- Go Tools: 按ctrl+shift+p 调出命令面板，输入go install tools 选Go: Install/Update Tools，将所有 16 个插件都勾选上。
settings.json
{
"go.goroot": "",
"go.gopath": "",
"http.proxy": "192.168.0.1:1081", // 根据需要，安装包需要
"go.inferGopath": true,
"go.autocompleteUnimportedPackages": true,
"go.gocodePackageLookupMode": "go",
"go.gotoSymbol.includeImports": true,
"go.useCodeSnippetsOnFunctionSuggest": true,
"go.useCodeSnippetsOnFunctionSuggestWithoutType": true,
"go.docsTool": "gogetdoc",
}
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