C++ primer(第五版）第8章习题答案

第八章　IO库

8.1

istream& func(istream &is)
{
    std::string buf;
    while (is >> buf)
        std::cout << buf << std::endl;
    is.clear();
    return is;
}

 

8.2

#include <iostream>
using std::istream;

istream& func(istream& is)
{
    std::string buf;
    while (is >> buf) std::cout << buf << std::endl;
    is.clear();
    return is;
}

int main()
{
    istream& is = func(std::cin);
    std::cout << is.rdstate() << std::endl;
    return 0;
}

 

8.3

badbit(系统级错误）　failbit(可恢复错误）　eofbit(到达文件结束符)

 

8.4

#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <iostream>

using std::vector;
using std::string;
using std::ifstream;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;

void ReadFileToVec(const string& fileName, vector<string>& vec)
{
    ifstream ifs(fileName);
    if (ifs) {
        string buf;
        while (std::getline(ifs, buf)) vec.push_back(buf);
    }
}

int main()
{
    vector<string> vec;
    ReadFileToVec("../data/book.txt", vec);
    for (const auto& str : vec) cout << str << endl;
    return 0;
}

 

8.5

#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <iostream>

using std::vector;
using std::string;
using std::ifstream;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;

void ReadFileToVec(const string& fileName, vector<string>& vec)
{
    ifstream ifs(fileName);
    if (ifs) {
        string buf;
        while (ifs >> buf) vec.push_back(buf);
    }
}

int main()
{
    vector<string> vec;
    ReadFileToVec("../data/book.txt", vec);
    for (const auto& str : vec) cout << str << endl;
    return 0;
}

 

8.6

#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>

#include "../ch07/ex7_26_sales_data.h"

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
    std::ifstream input(argv[1]); // use "../data/book.txt"

    Sales_data total;
    if (read(input, total)) {
        Sales_data trans;
        while (read(input, trans)) {
            if (total.isbn() == trans.isbn())
                total.combine(trans);
            else {
                print(std::cout, total) << std::endl;
                total = trans;
            }
        }
        print(std::cout, total) << std::endl;
    }
    else {
        std::cerr << "No data?!" << std::endl;
    }
}

/*
 *! Output:
 *! 0-201-78345-X 5 110
 *! 0-201-78346-X 9 839.2
 */

 

8.7

#include <fstream>

#include "../ch07/ex7_26_sales_data.h"

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
    std::ifstream input(argv[1]);  // "../data/book.txt"
    std::ofstream output(argv[2]); // "../data/out.txt"

    Sales_data total;
    if (read(input, total)) {
        Sales_data trans;
        while (read(input, trans)) {
            if (total.isbn() == trans.isbn())
                total.combine(trans);
            else {
                print(output, total) << std::endl;
                total = trans;
            }
        }
        print(output, total) << std::endl;
    }
    else {
        std::cerr << "No data?!" << std::endl;
    }
}

 

8.8

#include <fstream>

#include "../ch07/ex7_26_sales_data.h"

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
    std::ifstream input(argv[1]);                      // "../data/book.txt"
    std::ofstream output(argv[2], std::ofstream::app); // "../data/out.txt"

    Sales_data total;
    if (read(input, total)) {
        Sales_data trans;
        while (read(input, trans)) {
            if (total.isbn() == trans.isbn())
                total.combine(trans);
            else {
                print(output, total) << std::endl;
                total = trans;
            }
        }
        print(output, total) << std::endl;
    }
    else {
        std::cerr << "No data?!" << std::endl;
    }
}

 

8.9

#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
using std::istream;

istream& func(istream& is)
{
    std::string buf;
    while (is >> buf) std::cout << buf << std::endl;
    is.clear();
    return is;
}

int main()
{
    std::istringstream iss("hello");
    func(iss);
    return 0;
}

 

8.10

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <sstream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>

using std::vector;
using std::string;
using std::ifstream;
using std::istringstream;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
using std::cerr;

int main()
{
    ifstream ifs("../data/book.txt");
    if (!ifs) {
        cerr << "No data?" << endl;
        return -1;
    }

    vector<string> vecLine;
    string line;
    while (getline(ifs, line)) vecLine.push_back(line);

    for (auto& s : vecLine) {
        istringstream iss(s);
        string word;
        while (iss >> word) cout << word << endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

 

8.11

#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
using std::vector;
using std::string;
using std::cin;
using std::istringstream;

struct PersonInfo {
    string name;
    vector<string> phones;
};

int main()
{
    string line, word;
    vector<PersonInfo> people;
    istringstream record;
    while (getline(cin, line)) {
        PersonInfo info;
        record.clear();
        record.str(line);
        record >> info.name;
        while (record >> word) info.phones.push_back(word);
        people.push_back(info);
    }

    for (auto& p : people) {
        std::cout << p.name << " ";
        for (auto& s : p.phones) std::cout << s << " ";
        std::cout << std::endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

 

8.12

因为PersonInfo在这里是一个聚合类。

聚合类：只含有公共成员的类，并且没有类内初始值和构造函数。聚合类的成员可以用花括号括起来的初始值列表进行初始化。

 

8.13

#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>

using std::vector;
using std::string;
using std::cin;
using std::istringstream;
using std::ostringstream;
using std::ifstream;
using std::cerr;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
using std::isdigit;

struct PersonInfo {
    string name;
    vector<string> phones;
};

bool valid(const string& str)
{
    return isdigit(str[0]);
}

string format(const string& str)
{
    return str.substr(0, 3) + "-" + str.substr(3, 3) + "-" + str.substr(6);
}

int main()
{
    ifstream ifs("../data/phonenumbers.txt");
    if (!ifs) {
        cerr << "no phone numbers?" << endl;
        return -1;
    }

    string line, word;
    vector<PersonInfo> people;
    istringstream record;
    while (getline(ifs, line)) {
        PersonInfo info;
        record.clear();
        record.str(line);
        record >> info.name;
        while (record >> word) info.phones.push_back(word);
        people.push_back(info);
    }

    for (const auto& entry : people) {
        ostringstream formatted, badNums;
        for (const auto& nums : entry.phones)
            if (!valid(nums))
                badNums << " " << nums;
            else
                formatted << " " << format(nums);
        if (badNums.str().empty())
            cout << entry.name << " " << formatted.str() << endl;
        else
            cerr << "input error: " << entry.name << " invalid number(s) "
                 << badNums.str() << endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

 

8.14

因为它们都是类类型，而不是内置类型。所以引用更有效。

输出不应改变它们的值。所以我们增加了常量。