目录
Descriptor Layout And Buffer
Descriptor Set Layout
descriptor是着色器自由访问缓冲区和图像等资源的一种方式。 描述符的使用由三部分组成:
- 在管线创建期间指定descriptor layout
- 从descriptor pool中分配一个descriptor集
- 绑定渲染时设置的descriptor
void createDescriptorSetLayout() {
VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding uboLayoutBinding = {};
//the binding used in the shader
uboLayoutBinding.binding = 0;
//the type of descriptor
uboLayoutBinding.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER;
//the number of values in the array
uboLayoutBinding.descriptorCount = 1;
//specify in which shader stages the descriptor is going to be referenced.
//VK_SHADER_STAGE_ALL_GRAPHICS
//stageFlags 字段可以是 VkShaderStageFlagBitsvalues 的组合
uboLayoutBinding.stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT;
//image sampling
uboLayoutBinding.pImmutableSamplers = nullptr;
VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo layoutInfo = {};
layoutInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO;
layoutInfo.bindingCount = 1;
layoutInfo.pBindings = &uboLayoutBinding;
//[1]
if (vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(device, &layoutInfo, nullptr, &descriptorSetLayout) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to create descriptor set layout!");
}
}
Uniform buffer
void createUniformBuffers() {
VkDeviceSize bufferSize = sizeof(UniformBufferObject);
uniformBuffers.resize(swapChainImages.size());
uniformBuffersMemory.resize(swapChainImages.size());
for (size_t i = 0; i < swapChainImages.size(); i++) {
createBuffer(bufferSize, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT |
VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT, uniformBuffers[i], uniformBuffersMemory[i]);
}
}
Updating uniform data
void updateUniformBuffer(uint32_t currentImage) {
static auto startTime = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
auto currentTime = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
float time = std::chrono::duration<float, std::chrono::seconds::period>(currentTime - startTime).count();
UniformBufferObject ubo = {};
ubo.model = glm::rotate(glm::mat4(1.0f), time * glm::radians(90.0f), glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f));
ubo.view = glm::lookAt(glm::vec3(2.0f, 2.0f, 2.0f), glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f));
ubo.proj = glm::perspective(glm::radians(45.0f), swapChainExtent.width / (float)swapChainExtent.height, 0.1f, 10.0f);
//GLM 最初是为 OpenGL 设计的,其中剪辑坐标的 Y 坐标是倒置的。
//对此进行补偿的最简单方法是翻转投影矩阵中 Y 轴缩放因子上的符号。 如果你不这样做,那么图像将被颠倒渲染。
ubo.proj[1][1] *= -1;
void* data;
vkMapMemory(device, uniformBuffersMemory[currentImage], 0, sizeof(ubo), 0, &data);
memcpy(data, &ubo, sizeof(ubo));
vkUnmapMemory(device, uniformBuffersMemory[currentImage]);
}
Descriptor pool and sets
Descriptor pool
Descriptor 集不能直接创建,它们必须从像命令缓冲区这样的池中分配。
void createDescriptorPool() {
VkDescriptorPoolSize poolSize = {};
poolSize.type = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER;
poolSize.descriptorCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(swapChainImages.size());
VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo poolInfo = {};
poolInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_INFO;
poolInfo.poolSizeCount = 1;
poolInfo.pPoolSizes = &poolSize;
poolInfo.maxSets = static_cast<uint32_t>(swapChainImages.size());
//该结构有一个类似于命令池的可选标志,用于确定是否可以释放单个描述符集:
//VK_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_FREE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_BIT。
//我们不会在创建描述符集之后再去接触它,所以我们不需要这个标志。 您可以将标志保留为其默认值 0。
if (vkCreateDescriptorPool(device, &poolInfo, nullptr, &descriptorPool) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to create descriptor pool!");
}
}
Descriptor set
void createDescriptorSets() {
std::vector<VkDescriptorSetLayout> layouts(swapChainImages.size(), descriptorSetLayout);
VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo allocInfo = {};
allocInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_ALLOCATE_INFO;
allocInfo.descriptorPool = descriptorPool;
allocInfo.descriptorSetCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(swapChainImages.size());
allocInfo.pSetLayouts = layouts.data();
descriptorSets.resize(swapChainImages.size());
if (vkAllocateDescriptorSets(device, &allocInfo, descriptorSets.data()) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to allocate descriptor sets!");
}
for (size_t i = 0; i < swapChainImages.size(); i++) {
VkDescriptorBufferInfo bufferInfo = {};
bufferInfo.buffer = uniformBuffers[i];
bufferInfo.offset = 0;
//可使用VK_WHOLE_SIZE
bufferInfo.range = sizeof(UniformBufferObject);
VkWriteDescriptorSet descriptorWrite = {};
descriptorWrite.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WRITE_DESCRIPTOR_SET;
descriptorWrite.dstSet = descriptorSets[i];
//绑定位置
descriptorWrite.dstBinding = 0;
//array位置
descriptorWrite.dstArrayElement = 0;
descriptorWrite.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER;
//how many array elements you want to update
descriptorWrite.descriptorCount = 1;
// refer to buffer data
descriptorWrite.pBufferInfo = &bufferInfo;
//refer to image data
descriptorWrite.pImageInfo = nullptr; // Optional
//refer to buffer views
descriptorWrite.pTexelBufferView = nullptr; // Optional
//它接受两种数组作为参数:
//VkWriteDescriptorSet 数组
//VkCopyDescriptorSet 数组。
//后者可用于将描述符相互复制。
vkUpdateDescriptorSets(device, 1, &descriptorWrite, 0, nullptr);
}
}
Using descriptor sets
createCommandBuffers()->
//第二个参数bind descriptor sets to the graphics or compute pipeline
//456 The next three parameters specify the index of the
//first descriptor set, the number of sets to bind, and the array of sets to bind.
//The last two parameters specify an array of offsets that are used for dynamic descriptors.
vkCmdBindDescriptorSets(commandBuffers[i], VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipelineLayout, 0, 1, &descriptorSets[i], 0, nullptr);
#version 450
#extension GL_ARB_separate_shader_objects : enable
layout(binding = 0) uniform UniformBufferObject {
mat4 model;
mat4 view;
mat4 proj;
} ubo;
layout(location = 0) in vec2 inPosition;
layout(location = 1) in vec3 inColor;
layout(location = 0) out vec3 fragColor;
void main() {
gl_Position = ubo.proj * ubo.view * ubo.model * vec4(inPosition, 0.0, 1.0);
fragColor = inColor;
}
Alignment requirements
C++ structure的数据应该如何与着色器中的uniform定义匹配。
一种方式是:在两者中简单地使用相同的类型,Vulkan希望structure中的数据以特定的方式在内存中对齐,例如:
- 标量必须按N对齐(=给定32位浮点的4字节)
- A vec2 must be aligned by 2N (= 8 bytes)
- A vec3 or vec4 must be aligned by 4N (= 16 bytes)
- 嵌套结构的对齐方式必须是其成员的基本对齐方式向上舍入到16的倍数。
- A mat4 matrix must have the same alignment as a vec4.
- 详情参看说明书 https://www.khronos.org/registry/vulkan/specs/1.1-extensions/html/chap14.html#interfaces-resources-layout
//C++
struct UniformBufferObject {
glm::mat4 model;
glm::mat4 view;
glm::mat4 proj;
};
//shader
layout(binding = 0) uniform UniformBufferObject {
mat4 model;
mat4 view;
mat4 proj;
} ubo;
上面代码shader中我们只有三个 mat4 ,已经满足对齐要求。 由于每个 mat4 的大小为 4 x 4 x 4 = 64 字节,model的偏移量为 0,view的偏移量为 64,而 proj 的偏移量为 128。所有这些都是 16 的倍数,这就是它正常工作的原因。
//C++
struct UniformBufferObject {
glm::vec2 foo;
alignas(16) glm::mat4 model;
glm::mat4 view;
glm::mat4 proj;
};
//shader
layout(binding = 0) uniform UniformBufferObject {
mat4 model;
mat4 view;
mat4 proj;
} ubo;
上面代码C++中结构以只有 8 个字节的 vec2 开头,因此丢弃了所有偏移量。 现在model的偏移量为8,view偏移量为72,proj偏移量为136,都不是16的倍数。 为了解决这个问题,我们可以使用C++11中引入的alignas说明符。或使用另一种方法,可以在大多数情况下不必考虑这些对齐要求。 我们可以在include GLM 之前定义 GLM_FORCE_DEFAULT_ALIGNED_GENTYPES:
//不建议使用这种方式
#define GLM_FORCE_RADIANS
#define GLM_FORCE_DEFAULT_ALIGNED_GENTYPES
#include <glm/glm.hpp>
这将强制 GLM 使用具有已为我们指定的对齐要求的 vec2 和 mat4 版本。 如果您添加此定义,那么您可以删除 alignas 说明符,您的程序应该仍然可以运行。但是这种方法使用嵌套结构时会失效。 考虑 C++ 代码中的以下定义:
//C++
struct Foo {
glm::vec2 v;
};
//C++
struct UniformBufferObject {
Foo f1;
Foo f2;
};
//shader
struct Foo {
vec2 v;
};
//shader
layout(binding = 0) uniform UniformBufferObject {
Foo f1;
Foo f2;
} ubo;
在这种情况下,f2 的偏移量为 8,而它的偏移量为 16,因为它是嵌套结构。 在这种情况下,您必须自己指定对齐方式:
//C++
struct UniformBufferObject {
Foo f1;
alignas(16) Foo f2;
};
因此始终明确对齐的一个很好的习惯。 这样就不会因为对齐错误而找不到程序出错的原因。
//C++
struct UniformBufferObject {
alignas(16) glm::mat4 model;
alignas(16) glm::mat4 view;
alignas(16) glm::mat4 proj;
};
Multiple descriptor sets
正如一些结构和函数调用所暗示的那样,实际上可以同时绑定多个descriptor set。 创建pipeline layout时,您需要为每个descriptor set指定一个descriptor layout。 然后着色器可以像这样引用特定的descriptor set:
layout(set = 0, binding = 0) uniform UniformBufferObject { ... }
您可以使用此功能将每个对象不同的descriptor和共享的descriptor放入单独的descriptor set中。 在这种情况下,您可以避免在绘制调用之间重新绑定大多数descriptor,这会更有效。
Code
#define GLFW_INCLUDE_VULKAN
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <vector>
#include <map>
#include <optional>
#include <set>
#include <fstream>
#include <array>
//glm::rotate 这样的函数使用弧度作为参数,以避免任何可能的混淆
#define GLM_FORCE_RADIANS
#include <glm/glm.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp>
//做精确计时
#include <chrono>
#ifdef NDEBUG
const bool enableValidationLayers = false;
#else
const bool enableValidationLayers = true;
#endif
const std::vector<const char*> validationLayers = {
"VK_LAYER_KHRONOS_validation"
};
struct QueueFamilyIndices {
std::optional<uint32_t> graphicsFamily;
std::optional<uint32_t> presentFamily;
bool isComplete() {
return graphicsFamily.has_value() && presentFamily.has_value();
}
};
struct SwapChainSupportDetails {
VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR capabilities;
std::vector<VkSurfaceFormatKHR> formats;
std::vector<VkPresentModeKHR> presentModes;
};
const std::vector<const char*> deviceExtensions = { VK_KHR_SWAPCHAIN_EXTENSION_NAME };
const int WIDTH = 800;
const int HEIGHT = 600;
static std::vector<char> readFile(const std::string& filename) {
std::ifstream file(filename, std::ios::ate | std::ios::binary);
if (!file.is_open()) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to open file!");
}
size_t fileSize = (size_t)file.tellg();
std::vector<char> buffer(fileSize);
file.seekg(0);
file.read(buffer.data(), fileSize);
file.close();
return buffer;
}
const int MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT = 2;
struct Vertex {
glm::vec2 pos;
glm::vec3 color;
static VkVertexInputBindingDescription getBindingDescription() {
VkVertexInputBindingDescription bindingDescription = {};
bindingDescription.binding = 0;
bindingDescription.stride = sizeof(Vertex);
bindingDescription.inputRate = VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_VERTEX;
return bindingDescription;
}
static std::array<VkVertexInputAttributeDescription, 2> getAttributeDescriptions() {
std::array<VkVertexInputAttributeDescription, 2> attributeDescriptions = {};
attributeDescriptions[0].binding = 0;
attributeDescriptions[0].location = 0;
attributeDescriptions[0].format = VK_FORMAT_R32G32_SFLOAT;
attributeDescriptions[0].offset = offsetof(Vertex, pos);
attributeDescriptions[1].binding = 0;
attributeDescriptions[1].location = 1;
attributeDescriptions[1].format = VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT;
attributeDescriptions[1].offset = offsetof(Vertex, color);
return attributeDescriptions;
}
};
const std::vector<Vertex> vertices = {
{ {-0.5f, -0.5f}, {1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f}},
{ {0.5f, -0.5f}, {0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f}},
{ {0.5f, 0.5f}, {0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f}},
{ {-0.5f, 0.5f}, {1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f}}
};
const std::vector<uint16_t> indices = {
0, 1, 2, 2, 3, 0
};
//[1]
struct UniformBufferObject {
//[6]
alignas(16) glm::mat4 model;
alignas(16) glm::mat4 view;
alignas(16) glm::mat4 proj;
};
class Application {
public:
void run() {
initWindow();
initVulkan();
mainLoop();
cleanup();
}
public:
GLFWwindow* window;
VkInstance instance;
VkSurfaceKHR surface;
VkDebugUtilsMessengerEXT debugMessenger;
VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
VkDevice device;
VkQueue graphicsQueue;
VkQueue presentQueue;
VkSwapchainKHR swapChain;
std::vector<VkImage> swapChainImages;
VkFormat swapChainImageFormat;
VkExtent2D swapChainExtent;
std::vector<VkImageView> swapChainImageViews;
VkRenderPass renderPass;
//[1]
VkDescriptorSetLayout descriptorSetLayout;
VkPipelineLayout pipelineLayout;
VkPipeline graphicsPipeline;
std::vector<VkFramebuffer> swapChainFramebuffers;
VkCommandPool commandPool;
std::vector<VkCommandBuffer> commandBuffers;
std::vector<VkSemaphore> imageAvailableSemaphores;
std::vector<VkSemaphore> renderFinishedSemaphores;
std::vector<VkFence> inFlightFences;
std::vector<VkFence> imagesInFlight;
size_t currentFrame = 0;
bool framebufferResized = false;
VkBuffer vertexBuffer;
VkDeviceMemory vertexBufferMemory;
VkBuffer indexBuffer;
VkDeviceMemory indexBufferMemory;
//[2]
std::vector<VkBuffer> uniformBuffers;
std::vector<VkDeviceMemory> uniformBuffersMemory;
//[4]
VkDescriptorPool descriptorPool;
//[5]
std::vector<VkDescriptorSet> descriptorSets;
void initWindow() {
glfwInit();
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CLIENT_API, GLFW_NO_API);
//glfwWindowHint(GLFW_RESIZABLE, GLFW_FALSE);
window = glfwCreateWindow(WIDTH, HEIGHT, "Vulkan", nullptr, nullptr);
glfwSetWindowUserPointer(window, this);
glfwSetFramebufferSizeCallback(window, framebufferResizeCallback);
}
void initVulkan() {
createInstance();
createSurface();
setupDebugMessenger();
pickPhysicalDevice();
createLogicalDevice();
createSwapChain();
createImageViews();
createRenderPass();
//[1]
createDescriptorSetLayout();
createGraphicsPipeline();
createFramebuffers();
createCommandPool();
createVertexBuffer();
createIndexBuffer();
//[2]
createUniformBuffers();
//[4]
createDescriptorPool();
//[5]
createDescriptorSets();
createCommandBuffers();
createSemaphores();
}
void mainLoop() {
while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window))
{
glfwPollEvents();
drawFrame();
}
vkDeviceWaitIdle(device);
}
void cleanup() {
cleanupSwapChain();
//[1]
vkDestroyDescriptorSetLayout(device, descriptorSetLayout, nullptr);
vkDestroyBuffer(device, indexBuffer, nullptr);
vkFreeMemory(device, indexBufferMemory, nullptr);
vkDestroyBuffer(device, vertexBuffer, nullptr);
vkFreeMemory(device, vertexBufferMemory, nullptr);
for (size_t i = 0; i < MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT; i++) {
vkDestroySemaphore(device, renderFinishedSemaphores[i], nullptr);
vkDestroySemaphore(device, imageAvailableSemaphores[i], nullptr);
vkDestroyFence(device, inFlightFences[i], nullptr);
}
vkDestroyDevice(device, nullptr);
if (enableValidationLayers) {
DestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT(instance, debugMessenger, nullptr);
}
vkDestroySurfaceKHR(instance, surface, nullptr);
vkDestroyInstance(instance, nullptr);
glfwDestroyWindow(window);
glfwTerminate();
}
void createInstance() {
if (enableValidationLayers && !checkValidationLayerSupport()) {
throw std::runtime_error("validation layers requested, but not available!");
}
VkApplicationInfo appInfo = {};
appInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_APPLICATION_INFO;
appInfo.pApplicationName = "Hello Triangle";
appInfo.applicationVersion = VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 0, 0);
appInfo.pEngineName = "No Engine";
appInfo.engineVersion = VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 0, 0);
appInfo.apiVersion = VK_API_VERSION_1_0;
VkInstanceCreateInfo createInfo = {};
createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_INSTANCE_CREATE_INFO;
createInfo.pApplicationInfo = &appInfo;
uint32_t glfwExtensionCount = 0;
const char** glfwExtensions;
glfwExtensions =
glfwGetRequiredInstanceExtensions(&glfwExtensionCount);
createInfo.enabledExtensionCount = glfwExtensionCount;
createInfo.ppEnabledExtensionNames = glfwExtensions;
createInfo.enabledLayerCount = 0;
if (enableValidationLayers) {
createInfo.enabledLayerCount =
static_cast<uint32_t>(validationLayers.size());
createInfo.ppEnabledLayerNames = validationLayers.data();
}
else {
createInfo.enabledLayerCount = 0;
}
auto extensions = getRequiredExtensions();
createInfo.enabledExtensionCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(extensions.size());
createInfo.ppEnabledExtensionNames = extensions.data();
VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT debugCreateInfo;
if (enableValidationLayers) {
createInfo.enabledLayerCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(validationLayers.size());
createInfo.ppEnabledLayerNames = validationLayers.data();
populateDebugMessengerCreateInfo(debugCreateInfo);
createInfo.pNext = (VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT*)&debugCreateInfo;
}
else {
createInfo.enabledLayerCount = 0;
createInfo.pNext = nullptr;
}
if (vkCreateInstance(&createInfo, nullptr, &instance) != VK_SUCCESS)
{
throw std::runtime_error("failed to create instance!");
}
uint32_t extensionCount = 0;
vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties(nullptr, &extensionCount, nullptr);
std::vector<VkExtensionProperties> extensionsProperties(extensionCount);
vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties(nullptr, &extensionCount, extensionsProperties.data());
std::cout << "available extensions:" << std::endl;
for (const auto& extension : extensionsProperties) {
std::cout << "\t" << extension.extensionName << std::endl;
}
}
bool checkValidationLayerSupport() {
uint32_t layerCount;
vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties(&layerCount, nullptr);
std::vector<VkLayerProperties> availableLayers(layerCount);
vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties(&layerCount,
availableLayers.data());
for (const char* layerName : validationLayers) {
bool layerFound = false;
for (const auto& layerProperties : availableLayers) {
if (strcmp(layerName, layerProperties.layerName) == 0) {
layerFound = true;
break;
}
}
if (!layerFound) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
std::vector<const char*> getRequiredExtensions() {
uint32_t glfwExtensionCount = 0;
const char** glfwExtensions;
glfwExtensions = glfwGetRequiredInstanceExtensions(&glfwExtensionCount);
std::vector<const char*> extensions(glfwExtensions, glfwExtensions + glfwExtensionCount);
if (enableValidationLayers) {
extensions.push_back(VK_EXT_DEBUG_UTILS_EXTENSION_NAME);
}
return extensions;
}
void populateDebugMessengerCreateInfo(VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT&
createInfo) {
createInfo = {};
createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSENGER_CREATE_INFO_EXT;
createInfo.messageSeverity =
VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_VERBOSE_BIT_EXT |
VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_WARNING_BIT_EXT |
VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_ERROR_BIT_EXT;
createInfo.messageType =
VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_GENERAL_BIT_EXT |
VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_VALIDATION_BIT_EXT |
VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_PERFORMANCE_BIT_EXT;
createInfo.pfnUserCallback = debugCallback;
}
static VKAPI_ATTR VkBool32 VKAPI_CALL debugCallback(
VkDebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagBitsEXT messageSeverity,
VkDebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT messageType,
const VkDebugUtilsMessengerCallbackDataEXT* pCallbackData,
void* pUserData) {
std::cerr << "validation layer: " << pCallbackData->pMessage <<
std::endl;
return VK_FALSE;
}
void createSurface() {
if (glfwCreateWindowSurface(instance, window, nullptr, &surface) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to create window surface!");
}
}
void setupDebugMessenger() {
if (!enableValidationLayers) return;
VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT createInfo = {};
populateDebugMessengerCreateInfo(createInfo);
if (CreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT(instance, &createInfo, nullptr,
&debugMessenger) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to set up debug messenger!");
}
}
VkResult CreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT(VkInstance instance, const
VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT* pCreateInfo, const
VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocator, VkDebugUtilsMessengerEXT*
pDebugMessenger) {
auto func = (PFN_vkCreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT)
vkGetInstanceProcAddr(instance, "vkCreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT");
if (func != nullptr) {
return func(instance, pCreateInfo, pAllocator, pDebugMessenger);
}
else {
return VK_ERROR_EXTENSION_NOT_PRESENT;
}
}
void DestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT(VkInstance instance,
VkDebugUtilsMessengerEXT debugMessenger, const
VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocator) {
auto func = (PFN_vkDestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT)
vkGetInstanceProcAddr(instance, "vkDestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT");
if (func != nullptr) {
func(instance, debugMessenger, pAllocator);
}
}
void pickPhysicalDevice() {
uint32_t deviceCount = 0;
vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(instance, &deviceCount, nullptr);
if (deviceCount == 0) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to find GPUs with Vulkan support!");
}
std::vector<VkPhysicalDevice> devices(deviceCount);
vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(instance, &deviceCount, devices.data());
for (const auto& device : devices) {
if (isDeviceSuitable(device)) {
physicalDevice = device;
break;
}
}
if (physicalDevice == VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to find a suitable GPU!");
}
std::multimap<int, VkPhysicalDevice> candidates;
for (const auto& device : devices) {
int score = rateDeviceSuitability(device);
candidates.insert(std::make_pair(score, device));
}
if (candidates.rbegin()->first > 0) {
physicalDevice = candidates.rbegin()->second;
}
else {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to find a suitable GPU!");
}
}
bool isDeviceSuitable(VkPhysicalDevice device) {
bool extensionsSupported = checkDeviceExtensionSupport(device);
bool swapChainAdequate = false;
if (extensionsSupported) {
SwapChainSupportDetails swapChainSupport = querySwapChainSupport(device);
swapChainAdequate = !swapChainSupport.formats.empty() && !swapChainSupport.presentModes.empty();
}
QueueFamilyIndices indices = findQueueFamilies(device);
return indices.isComplete() && extensionsSupported && swapChainAdequate;
}
SwapChainSupportDetails querySwapChainSupport(VkPhysicalDevice device) {
SwapChainSupportDetails details;
vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR(device, surface, &details.capabilities);
uint32_t formatCount;
vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(device, surface, &formatCount, nullptr);
if (formatCount != 0) {
details.formats.resize(formatCount);
vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(device, surface, &formatCount, details.formats.data());
}
uint32_t presentModeCount;
vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(device, surface, &presentModeCount, nullptr);
if (presentModeCount != 0) {
details.presentModes.resize(presentModeCount);
vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(device, surface, &presentModeCount, details.presentModes.data());
}
return details;
}
QueueFamilyIndices findQueueFamilies(VkPhysicalDevice device) {
QueueFamilyIndices indices;
uint32_t queueFamilyCount = 0;
vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(device, &queueFamilyCount, nullptr);
std::vector<VkQueueFamilyProperties> queueFamilies(queueFamilyCount);
vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(device, &queueFamilyCount, queueFamilies.data());
int i = 0;
for (const auto& queueFamily : queueFamilies) {
VkBool32 presentSupport = false;
vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceSupportKHR(device, i, surface, &presentSupport);
if (presentSupport) {
indices.presentFamily = i;
}
if (queueFamily.queueFlags & VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT) {
indices.graphicsFamily = i;
if (indices.isComplete())
break;
}
i++;
}
return indices;
}
bool checkDeviceExtensionSupport(VkPhysicalDevice device) {
uint32_t extensionCount;
vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(device, nullptr, &extensionCount, nullptr);
std::vector<VkExtensionProperties> availableExtensions(extensionCount);
vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(device, nullptr, &extensionCount, availableExtensions.data());
std::set<std::string> requiredExtensions(deviceExtensions.begin(), deviceExtensions.end());
for (const auto& extension : availableExtensions) {
requiredExtensions.erase(extension.extensionName);
}
return requiredExtensions.empty();
}
int rateDeviceSuitability(VkPhysicalDevice device) {
VkPhysicalDeviceProperties deviceProperties;
vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties(device, &deviceProperties);
int score = 0;
if (deviceProperties.deviceType == VK_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_TYPE_DISCRETE_GPU) {
score += 1000;
}
score += deviceProperties.limits.maxImageDimension2D;
VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures deviceFeatures;
vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures(device, &deviceFeatures);
if (!deviceFeatures.geometryShader) {
return 0;
}
return score;
}
void createLogicalDevice() {
QueueFamilyIndices indices = findQueueFamilies(physicalDevice);
VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo queueCreateInfo = {};
queueCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_INFO;
queueCreateInfo.queueFamilyIndex = indices.graphicsFamily.value();
queueCreateInfo.queueCount = 1;
float queuePriority = 1.0f;
queueCreateInfo.pQueuePriorities = &queuePriority;
VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures deviceFeatures = {};
VkDeviceCreateInfo createInfo = {};
createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_CREATE_INFO;
createInfo.pQueueCreateInfos = &queueCreateInfo;
createInfo.queueCreateInfoCount = 1;
createInfo.pEnabledFeatures = &deviceFeatures;
createInfo.enabledExtensionCount = 0;
if (enableValidationLayers) {
createInfo.enabledLayerCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(validationLayers.size());
createInfo.ppEnabledLayerNames = validationLayers.data();
}
else {
createInfo.enabledLayerCount = 0;
}
std::vector<VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo> queueCreateInfos;
std::set<uint32_t> uniqueQueueFamilies = { indices.graphicsFamily.value(), indices.presentFamily.value() };
queuePriority = 1.0f;
for (uint32_t queueFamily : uniqueQueueFamilies) {
VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo queueCreateInfo = {};
queueCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_INFO;
queueCreateInfo.queueFamilyIndex = queueFamily;
queueCreateInfo.queueCount = 1;
queueCreateInfo.pQueuePriorities = &queuePriority;
queueCreateInfos.push_back(queueCreateInfo);
}
createInfo.queueCreateInfoCount =
static_cast<uint32_t>(queueCreateInfos.size());
createInfo.pQueueCreateInfos = queueCreateInfos.data();
createInfo.enabledExtensionCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(deviceExtensions.size());
createInfo.ppEnabledExtensionNames = deviceExtensions.data();
if (vkCreateDevice(physicalDevice, &createInfo, nullptr, &device) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to create logical device!");
}
vkGetDeviceQueue(device, indices.graphicsFamily.value(), 0, &graphicsQueue);
vkGetDeviceQueue(device, indices.presentFamily.value(), 0, &presentQueue);
}
void createSwapChain() {
SwapChainSupportDetails swapChainSupport = querySwapChainSupport(physicalDevice);
VkSurfaceFormatKHR surfaceFormat = chooseSwapSurfaceFormat(swapChainSupport.formats);
VkPresentModeKHR presentMode = chooseSwapPresentMode(swapChainSupport.presentModes);
VkExtent2D extent = chooseSwapExtent(swapChainSupport.capabilities);
uint32_t imageCount = swapChainSupport.capabilities.minImageCount + 1;
if (swapChainSupport.capabilities.maxImageCount > 0 && imageCount > swapChainSupport.capabilities.maxImageCount) {
imageCount = swapChainSupport.capabilities.maxImageCount;
}
VkSwapchainCreateInfoKHR createInfo = {};
createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SWAPCHAIN_CREATE_INFO_KHR;
createInfo.surface = surface;
createInfo.minImageCount = imageCount;
createInfo.imageFormat = surfaceFormat.format;
createInfo.imageColorSpace = surfaceFormat.colorSpace;
createInfo.imageExtent = extent;
createInfo.imageArrayLayers = 1;
createInfo.imageUsage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT;
QueueFamilyIndices indices = findQueueFamilies(physicalDevice);
uint32_t queueFamilyIndices[] = { indices.graphicsFamily.value(),
indices.presentFamily.value() };
if (indices.graphicsFamily != indices.presentFamily) {
createInfo.imageSharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_CONCURRENT;
createInfo.queueFamilyIndexCount = 2;
createInfo.pQueueFamilyIndices = queueFamilyIndices;
}
else {
createInfo.imageSharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
createInfo.queueFamilyIndexCount = 0; // Optional
createInfo.pQueueFamilyIndices = nullptr; // Optional
}
createInfo.preTransform = swapChainSupport.capabilities.currentTransform;
createInfo.compositeAlpha = VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_OPAQUE_BIT_KHR;
createInfo.presentMode = presentMode;
createInfo.clipped = VK_TRUE;
createInfo.oldSwapchain = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
if (vkCreateSwapchainKHR(device, &createInfo, nullptr, &swapChain) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to create swap chain!");
}
vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR(device, swapChain, &imageCount, nullptr);
swapChainImages.resize(imageCount);
vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR(device, swapChain, &imageCount, swapChainImages.data());
swapChainImageFormat = surfaceFormat.format;
swapChainExtent = extent;
}
VkSurfaceFormatKHR chooseSwapSurfaceFormat(const std::vector<VkSurfaceFormatKHR>& availableFormats) {
for (const auto& availableFormat : availableFormats) {
if (availableFormat.format == VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_SRGB
&& availableFormat.colorSpace == VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR) {
return availableFormat;
}
}
return availableFormats[0];
}
VkPresentModeKHR chooseSwapPresentMode(const std::vector<VkPresentModeKHR>& availablePresentModes) {
for (const auto& availablePresentMode : availablePresentModes) {
if (availablePresentMode == VK_PRESENT_MODE_MAILBOX_KHR) {
return availablePresentMode;
}
}
return VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_KHR;
}
VkExtent2D chooseSwapExtent(const VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR& capabilities) {
if (capabilities.currentExtent.width != UINT32_MAX) {
return capabilities.currentExtent;
}
else {
int width, height;
glfwGetFramebufferSize(window, &width, &height);
VkExtent2D actualExtent = { static_cast<uint32_t>(width), static_cast<uint32_t>(height) };
actualExtent.width = std::max(capabilities.minImageExtent.width,
std::min(capabilities.maxImageExtent.width, actualExtent.width));
actualExtent.height = std::max(capabilities.minImageExtent.height,
std::min(capabilities.maxImageExtent.height, actualExtent.height));
return actualExtent;
}
}
void createImageViews() {
swapChainImageViews.resize(swapChainImages.size());
for (size_t i = 0; i < swapChainImages.size(); i++) {
VkImageViewCreateInfo createInfo = {};
createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO;
createInfo.image = swapChainImages[i];
createInfo.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D;
createInfo.format = swapChainImageFormat;
createInfo.components.r = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY;
createInfo.components.g = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY;
createInfo.components.b = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY;
createInfo.components.a = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY;
createInfo.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
createInfo.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = 0;
createInfo.subresourceRange.levelCount = 1;
createInfo.subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = 0;
createInfo.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1;
if (vkCreateImageView(device, &createInfo, nullptr, &swapChainImageViews[i]) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to create image views!");
}
}
}
void createRenderPass() {
VkAttachmentDescription colorAttachment = {};
colorAttachment.format = swapChainImageFormat;
colorAttachment.samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
colorAttachment.loadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR;
colorAttachment.storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE;
colorAttachment.stencilLoadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE;
colorAttachment.stencilStoreOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE;
colorAttachment.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
colorAttachment.finalLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR;
VkAttachmentReference colorAttachmentRef = {};
colorAttachmentRef.attachment = 0;
colorAttachmentRef.layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;
VkSubpassDescription subpass = {};
subpass.pipelineBindPoint = VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS;
subpass.colorAttachmentCount = 1;
subpass.pColorAttachments = &colorAttachmentRef;
VkRenderPassCreateInfo renderPassInfo = {};
renderPassInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_CREATE_INFO;
renderPassInfo.attachmentCount = 1;
renderPassInfo.pAttachments = &colorAttachment;
renderPassInfo.subpassCount = 1;
renderPassInfo.pSubpasses = &subpass;
if (vkCreateRenderPass(device, &renderPassInfo, nullptr, &renderPass) != VK_SUCCESS)
{
throw std::runtime_error("failed to create render pass!");
}
}
void createGraphicsPipeline() {
auto vertShaderCode = readFile("shaders/vert.spv");
auto fragShaderCode = readFile("shaders/frag.spv");
VkShaderModule vertShaderModule = createShaderModule(vertShaderCode);
VkShaderModule fragShaderModule = createShaderModule(fragShaderCode);
VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo vertShaderStageInfo = {};
vertShaderStageInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO;
vertShaderStageInfo.stage = VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT;
vertShaderStageInfo.module = vertShaderModule;
vertShaderStageInfo.pName = "main";
VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo fragShaderStageInfo = {};
fragShaderStageInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO;
fragShaderStageInfo.stage = VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT;
fragShaderStageInfo.module = fragShaderModule;
fragShaderStageInfo.pName = "main";
VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo shaderStages[] = { vertShaderStageInfo, fragShaderStageInfo };
VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo vertexInputInfo = {};
auto bindingDescription = Vertex::getBindingDescription();
auto attributeDescriptions = Vertex::getAttributeDescriptions();
vertexInputInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VERTEX_INPUT_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
vertexInputInfo.vertexBindingDescriptionCount = 1;
vertexInputInfo.vertexAttributeDescriptionCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(attributeDescriptions.size());
vertexInputInfo.pVertexBindingDescriptions = &bindingDescription;
vertexInputInfo.pVertexAttributeDescriptions = attributeDescriptions.data();
VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo inputAssembly = {};
inputAssembly.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_INPUT_ASSEMBLY_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
inputAssembly.topology = VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_LIST;
inputAssembly.primitiveRestartEnable = VK_FALSE;
VkViewport viewport = {};
viewport.x = 0.0f;
viewport.y = 0.0f;
viewport.width = (float)swapChainExtent.width;
viewport.height = (float)swapChainExtent.height;
viewport.minDepth = 0.0f;
viewport.maxDepth = 1.0f;
VkRect2D scissor = {};
scissor.offset = { 0, 0 };
scissor.extent = swapChainExtent;
VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo viewportState = {};
viewportState.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VIEWPORT_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
viewportState.viewportCount = 1;
viewportState.pViewports = &viewport;
viewportState.scissorCount = 1;
viewportState.pScissors = &scissor;
VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo rasterizer = {};
rasterizer.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_RASTERIZATION_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
rasterizer.depthClampEnable = VK_FALSE;
rasterizer.rasterizerDiscardEnable = VK_FALSE;
rasterizer.polygonMode = VK_POLYGON_MODE_FILL;
rasterizer.lineWidth = 1.0f;
//rasterizer.cullMode = VK_CULL_MODE_BACK_BIT;
//rasterizer.frontFace = VK_FRONT_FACE_CLOCKWISE;
//or
//[6]
rasterizer.cullMode = VK_CULL_MODE_BACK_BIT;
rasterizer.frontFace = VK_FRONT_FACE_COUNTER_CLOCKWISE;
rasterizer.depthBiasEnable = VK_FALSE;
rasterizer.depthBiasConstantFactor = 0.0f;
rasterizer.depthBiasClamp = 0.0f;
rasterizer.depthBiasSlopeFactor = 0.0f;
VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo multisampling = {};
multisampling.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_MULTISAMPLE_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
multisampling.sampleShadingEnable = VK_FALSE;
multisampling.rasterizationSamples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
multisampling.minSampleShading = 1.0f;
multisampling.pSampleMask = nullptr;
multisampling.alphaToCoverageEnable = VK_FALSE;
multisampling.alphaToOneEnable = VK_FALSE;
VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState colorBlendAttachment = {};
colorBlendAttachment.colorWriteMask = VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_R_BIT |
VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_G_BIT | VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_B_BIT |
VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_A_BIT;
colorBlendAttachment.blendEnable = VK_FALSE;
colorBlendAttachment.srcColorBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE;
colorBlendAttachment.dstColorBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ZERO;
colorBlendAttachment.colorBlendOp = VK_BLEND_OP_ADD;
colorBlendAttachment.srcAlphaBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE;
colorBlendAttachment.dstAlphaBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ZERO;
colorBlendAttachment.alphaBlendOp = VK_BLEND_OP_ADD;
colorBlendAttachment.blendEnable = VK_TRUE;
colorBlendAttachment.srcColorBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC_ALPHA;
colorBlendAttachment.dstColorBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA;
colorBlendAttachment.colorBlendOp = VK_BLEND_OP_ADD;
colorBlendAttachment.srcAlphaBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE;
colorBlendAttachment.dstAlphaBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ZERO;
colorBlendAttachment.alphaBlendOp = VK_BLEND_OP_ADD;
VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo colorBlending = {};
colorBlending.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_COLOR_BLEND_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
colorBlending.logicOpEnable = VK_FALSE;
colorBlending.logicOp = VK_LOGIC_OP_COPY;
colorBlending.attachmentCount = 1;
colorBlending.pAttachments = &colorBlendAttachment;
colorBlending.blendConstants[0] = 0.0f;
colorBlending.blendConstants[1] = 0.0f;
colorBlending.blendConstants[2] = 0.0f;
colorBlending.blendConstants[3] = 0.0f;
VkDynamicState dynamicStates[] = {
VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT,
VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_LINE_WIDTH
};
VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo dynamicState = {};
dynamicState.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_DYNAMIC_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
dynamicState.dynamicStateCount = 2;
dynamicState.pDynamicStates = dynamicStates;
VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo pipelineLayoutInfo = {};
pipelineLayoutInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO;
//pipelineLayoutInfo.setLayoutCount = 0;
//pipelineLayoutInfo.pSetLayouts = nullptr;
//or
//[1]
pipelineLayoutInfo.setLayoutCount = 1;
pipelineLayoutInfo.pSetLayouts = &descriptorSetLayout;
pipelineLayoutInfo.pushConstantRangeCount = 0;
pipelineLayoutInfo.pPushConstantRanges = nullptr;
if (vkCreatePipelineLayout(device, &pipelineLayoutInfo, nullptr, &pipelineLayout) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to create pipeline layout!");
}
VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo pipelineInfo = {};
pipelineInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_GRAPHICS_PIPELINE_CREATE_INFO;
pipelineInfo.stageCount = 2;
pipelineInfo.pStages = shaderStages;
pipelineInfo.pVertexInputState = &vertexInputInfo;
pipelineInfo.pInputAssemblyState = &inputAssembly;
pipelineInfo.pViewportState = &viewportState;
pipelineInfo.pRasterizationState = &rasterizer;
pipelineInfo.pMultisampleState = &multisampling;
pipelineInfo.pDepthStencilState = nullptr;
pipelineInfo.pColorBlendState = &colorBlending;
pipelineInfo.pDynamicState = nullptr;
pipelineInfo.layout = pipelineLayout;
pipelineInfo.renderPass = renderPass;
pipelineInfo.subpass = 0;
pipelineInfo.basePipelineHandle = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
pipelineInfo.basePipelineIndex = -1;
if (vkCreateGraphicsPipelines(device, VK_NULL_HANDLE, 1, &pipelineInfo, nullptr, &graphicsPipeline) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to create graphics pipeline!");
}
vkDestroyShaderModule(device, fragShaderModule, nullptr);
vkDestroyShaderModule(device, vertShaderModule, nullptr);
}
VkShaderModule createShaderModule(const std::vector<char>& code) {
VkShaderModuleCreateInfo createInfo = {};
createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SHADER_MODULE_CREATE_INFO;
createInfo.codeSize = code.size();
createInfo.pCode = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(code.data());
VkShaderModule shaderModule;
if (vkCreateShaderModule(device, &createInfo, nullptr, &shaderModule) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to create shader module!");
}
return shaderModule;
}
void createFramebuffers()
{
swapChainFramebuffers.resize(swapChainImageViews.size());
for (size_t i = 0; i < swapChainImageViews.size(); i++) {
VkImageView attachments[] = { swapChainImageViews[i] };
VkFramebufferCreateInfo framebufferInfo = {};
framebufferInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_INFO;
framebufferInfo.renderPass = renderPass;
framebufferInfo.attachmentCount = 1;
framebufferInfo.pAttachments = attachments;
framebufferInfo.width = swapChainExtent.width;
framebufferInfo.height = swapChainExtent.height;
framebufferInfo.layers = 1;
if (vkCreateFramebuffer(device, &framebufferInfo, nullptr, &swapChainFramebuffers[i]) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to create framebuffer!");
}
}
}
void createCommandPool() {
QueueFamilyIndices queueFamilyIndices = findQueueFamilies(physicalDevice);
VkCommandPoolCreateInfo poolInfo = {};
poolInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_INFO;
poolInfo.queueFamilyIndex = queueFamilyIndices.graphicsFamily.value();
poolInfo.flags = 0;
if (vkCreateCommandPool(device, &poolInfo, nullptr, &commandPool) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to create command pool!");
}
}
void createCommandBuffers() {
commandBuffers.resize(swapChainFramebuffers.size());
VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo allocInfo = {};
allocInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_INFO;
allocInfo.commandPool = commandPool;
allocInfo.level = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY;
allocInfo.commandBufferCount = (uint32_t)commandBuffers.size();
if (vkAllocateCommandBuffers(device, &allocInfo, commandBuffers.data()) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to allocate command buffers!");
}
for (size_t i = 0; i < commandBuffers.size(); i++) {
VkCommandBufferBeginInfo beginInfo = {};
beginInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO;
beginInfo.flags = 0;
beginInfo.pInheritanceInfo = nullptr;
if (vkBeginCommandBuffer(commandBuffers[i], &beginInfo) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to begin recording command buffer!");
}
VkRenderPassBeginInfo renderPassInfo = {};
renderPassInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_BEGIN_INFO;
renderPassInfo.renderPass = renderPass;
renderPassInfo.framebuffer = swapChainFramebuffers[i];
renderPassInfo.renderArea.offset = { 0, 0 };
renderPassInfo.renderArea.extent = swapChainExtent;
VkClearValue clearColor = { 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f };
renderPassInfo.clearValueCount = 1;
renderPassInfo.pClearValues = &clearColor;
vkCmdBeginRenderPass(commandBuffers[i], &renderPassInfo, VK_SUBPASS_CONTENTS_INLINE);
vkCmdBindPipeline(commandBuffers[i], VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, graphicsPipeline);
VkBuffer vertexBuffers[] = { vertexBuffer };
VkDeviceSize offsets[] = { 0 };
vkCmdBindVertexBuffers(commandBuffers[i], 0, 1, vertexBuffers, offsets);
vkCmdBindIndexBuffer(commandBuffers[i], indexBuffer, 0, VK_INDEX_TYPE_UINT16);
//[6]
//[6] 第二个参数bind descriptor sets to the graphics or compute pipeline
//[6] 456 The next three parameters specify the index of the
//[6] first descriptor set, the number of sets to bind, and the array of sets to bind.
//[6] The last two parameters specify an array of offsets that are used for dynamic descriptors.
vkCmdBindDescriptorSets(commandBuffers[i], VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipelineLayout, 0, 1, &descriptorSets[i], 0, nullptr);
vkCmdDrawIndexed(commandBuffers[i], static_cast<uint32_t>(indices.size()), 1, 0, 0, 0);
if (vkEndCommandBuffer(commandBuffers[i]) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to record command buffer!");
}
}
}
void createSemaphores() {
imageAvailableSemaphores.resize(MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT);
renderFinishedSemaphores.resize(MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT);
inFlightFences.resize(MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT);
imagesInFlight.resize(swapChainImages.size(), VK_NULL_HANDLE);
VkSemaphoreCreateInfo semaphoreInfo = {};
semaphoreInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_CREATE_INFO;
VkFenceCreateInfo fenceInfo = {};
fenceInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FENCE_CREATE_INFO;
fenceInfo.flags = VK_FENCE_CREATE_SIGNALED_BIT;
for (size_t i = 0; i < MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT; i++) {
if (vkCreateSemaphore(device, &semaphoreInfo, nullptr, &imageAvailableSemaphores[i]) != VK_SUCCESS ||
vkCreateSemaphore(device, &semaphoreInfo, nullptr, &renderFinishedSemaphores[i]) != VK_SUCCESS ||
vkCreateFence(device, &fenceInfo, nullptr, &inFlightFences[i]) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to create semaphores for a frame!");
}
}
}
void drawFrame() {
uint32_t imageIndex;
VkResult result = vkAcquireNextImageKHR(device, swapChain, UINT64_MAX, imageAvailableSemaphores[currentFrame], VK_NULL_HANDLE, &imageIndex);
if (result == VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DATE_KHR) {
recreateSwapChain();
return;
}
else if (result != VK_SUCCESS && result != VK_SUBOPTIMAL_KHR) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to acquire swap chain image!");
}
if (imagesInFlight[imageIndex] != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
vkWaitForFences(device, 1, &imagesInFlight[imageIndex], VK_TRUE, UINT64_MAX);
}
imagesInFlight[imageIndex] = inFlightFences[currentFrame];
//[3]
updateUniformBuffer(imageIndex);
VkSubmitInfo submitInfo = {};
submitInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO;
VkSemaphore waitSemaphores[] = { imageAvailableSemaphores[currentFrame] };
VkPipelineStageFlags waitStages[] = { VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT };
submitInfo.waitSemaphoreCount = 1;
submitInfo.pWaitSemaphores = waitSemaphores;
submitInfo.pWaitDstStageMask = waitStages;
submitInfo.commandBufferCount = 1;
submitInfo.pCommandBuffers = &commandBuffers[imageIndex];
VkSemaphore signalSemaphores[] = { renderFinishedSemaphores[currentFrame] };
submitInfo.signalSemaphoreCount = 1;
submitInfo.pSignalSemaphores = signalSemaphores;
vkResetFences(device, 1, &inFlightFences[currentFrame]);
if (vkQueueSubmit(graphicsQueue, 1, &submitInfo, inFlightFences[currentFrame]) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to submit draw command buffer!");
}
VkPresentInfoKHR presentInfo = {};
presentInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PRESENT_INFO_KHR;
presentInfo.waitSemaphoreCount = 1;
presentInfo.pWaitSemaphores = signalSemaphores;
VkSwapchainKHR swapChains[] = { swapChain };
presentInfo.swapchainCount = 1;
presentInfo.pSwapchains = swapChains;
presentInfo.pImageIndices = &imageIndex;
presentInfo.pResults = nullptr;
result = vkQueuePresentKHR(presentQueue, &presentInfo);
if (result == VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DATE_KHR || result == VK_SUBOPTIMAL_KHR || framebufferResized) {
framebufferResized = false;
recreateSwapChain();
}
else if (result != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to present swap chain image!");
}
currentFrame = (currentFrame + 1) % MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT;
vkQueueWaitIdle(presentQueue);
}
void cleanupSwapChain() {
for (size_t i = 0; i < swapChainFramebuffers.size(); i++) {
vkDestroyFramebuffer(device, swapChainFramebuffers[i], nullptr);
}
vkFreeCommandBuffers(device, commandPool, static_cast<uint32_t>(commandBuffers.size()), commandBuffers.data());
vkDestroyPipeline(device, graphicsPipeline, nullptr);
vkDestroyPipelineLayout(device, pipelineLayout, nullptr);
vkDestroyRenderPass(device, renderPass, nullptr);
for (size_t i = 0; i < swapChainImageViews.size(); i++) {
vkDestroyImageView(device, swapChainImageViews[i], nullptr);
}
vkDestroySwapchainKHR(device, swapChain, nullptr);
//[2]
for (size_t i = 0; i < swapChainImages.size(); i++) {
vkDestroyBuffer(device, uniformBuffers[i], nullptr);
vkFreeMemory(device, uniformBuffersMemory[i], nullptr);
}
//[4]
vkDestroyDescriptorPool(device, descriptorPool, nullptr);
}
void recreateSwapChain() {
int width = 0, height = 0;
glfwGetFramebufferSize(window, &width, &height);
while (width == 0 || height == 0) {
glfwGetFramebufferSize(window, &width, &height);
glfwWaitEvents();
}
vkDeviceWaitIdle(device);
cleanupSwapChain();
createSwapChain();
createImageViews();
createRenderPass();
createGraphicsPipeline();
createFramebuffers();
//[2]
createUniformBuffers();
//[4]
createDescriptorPool();
//[5]
createDescriptorSets();
createCommandBuffers();
}
static void framebufferResizeCallback(GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height) {
auto app = reinterpret_cast<Application*>(glfwGetWindowUserPointer(window));
app->framebufferResized = true;
}
void createVertexBuffer() {
VkDeviceSize bufferSize = sizeof(vertices[0]) * vertices.size();
VkBuffer stagingBuffer;
VkDeviceMemory stagingBufferMemory;
createBuffer(bufferSize, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT |
VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT, stagingBuffer, stagingBufferMemory);
void* data;
vkMapMemory(device, stagingBufferMemory, 0, bufferSize, 0, &data);
memcpy(data, vertices.data(), (size_t)bufferSize);
vkUnmapMemory(device, stagingBufferMemory);
createBuffer(bufferSize, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT,
VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT, vertexBuffer, vertexBufferMemory);
copyBuffer(stagingBuffer, vertexBuffer, bufferSize);
vkDestroyBuffer(device, stagingBuffer, nullptr);
vkFreeMemory(device, stagingBufferMemory, nullptr);
}
uint32_t findMemoryType(uint32_t typeFilter, VkMemoryPropertyFlags properties) {
VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties memProperties;
vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties(physicalDevice, &memProperties);
for (uint32_t i = 0; i < memProperties.memoryTypeCount; i++) {
if ((typeFilter & (1 << i)) && (memProperties.memoryTypes[i].propertyFlags & properties) == properties) {
return i;
}
}
throw std::runtime_error("failed to find suitable memory type!");
}
void createBuffer(VkDeviceSize size, VkBufferUsageFlags usage,
VkMemoryPropertyFlags properties, VkBuffer& buffer,
VkDeviceMemory& bufferMemory) {
VkBufferCreateInfo bufferInfo = {};
bufferInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO;
bufferInfo.size = size;
bufferInfo.usage = usage;
bufferInfo.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
if (vkCreateBuffer(device, &bufferInfo, nullptr, &buffer) !=
VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to create buffer!");
}
VkMemoryRequirements memRequirements;
vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements(device, buffer, &memRequirements);
VkMemoryAllocateInfo allocInfo = {};
allocInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_INFO;
allocInfo.allocationSize = memRequirements.size;
allocInfo.memoryTypeIndex =
findMemoryType(memRequirements.memoryTypeBits, properties);
if (vkAllocateMemory(device, &allocInfo, nullptr, &bufferMemory)
!= VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to allocate buffer memory!");
}
vkBindBufferMemory(device, buffer, bufferMemory, 0);
}
void copyBuffer(VkBuffer srcBuffer, VkBuffer dstBuffer, VkDeviceSize size) {
VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo allocInfo = {};
allocInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_INFO;
allocInfo.level = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY;
allocInfo.commandPool = commandPool;
allocInfo.commandBufferCount = 1;
VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer;
vkAllocateCommandBuffers(device, &allocInfo, &commandBuffer);
VkCommandBufferBeginInfo beginInfo = {};
beginInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO;
beginInfo.flags = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_ONE_TIME_SUBMIT_BIT;
vkBeginCommandBuffer(commandBuffer, &beginInfo);
VkBufferCopy copyRegion = {};
copyRegion.srcOffset = 0;
copyRegion.dstOffset = 0;
copyRegion.size = size;
vkCmdCopyBuffer(commandBuffer, srcBuffer, dstBuffer, 1, ©Region);
vkEndCommandBuffer(commandBuffer);
VkSubmitInfo submitInfo = {};
submitInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO;
submitInfo.commandBufferCount = 1;
submitInfo.pCommandBuffers = &commandBuffer;
vkQueueSubmit(graphicsQueue, 1, &submitInfo, VK_NULL_HANDLE);
vkQueueWaitIdle(graphicsQueue);
vkFreeCommandBuffers(device, commandPool, 1, &commandBuffer);
}
void createIndexBuffer() {
VkDeviceSize bufferSize = sizeof(indices[0]) * indices.size();
VkBuffer stagingBuffer;
VkDeviceMemory stagingBufferMemory;
createBuffer(bufferSize, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT |
VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT, stagingBuffer, stagingBufferMemory);
void* data;
vkMapMemory(device, stagingBufferMemory, 0, bufferSize, 0, &data);
memcpy(data, indices.data(), (size_t)bufferSize);
vkUnmapMemory(device, stagingBufferMemory);
createBuffer(bufferSize, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_INDEX_BUFFER_BIT,
VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT, indexBuffer, indexBufferMemory);
copyBuffer(stagingBuffer, indexBuffer, bufferSize);
vkDestroyBuffer(device, stagingBuffer, nullptr);
vkFreeMemory(device, stagingBufferMemory, nullptr);
}
//[1]
void createDescriptorSetLayout() {
VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding uboLayoutBinding = {};
//[1]the binding used in the shader
uboLayoutBinding.binding = 0;
//[1]the type of descriptor
uboLayoutBinding.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER;
//[1]the number of values in the array
uboLayoutBinding.descriptorCount = 1;
//[1]specify in which shader stages the descriptor is going to be referenced.
//[1]VK_SHADER_STAGE_ALL_GRAPHICS
//stageFlags 字段可以是 VkShaderStageFlagBitsvalues 的组合
uboLayoutBinding.stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT;
//[1]image sampling
uboLayoutBinding.pImmutableSamplers = nullptr;
VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo layoutInfo = {};
layoutInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO;
layoutInfo.bindingCount = 1;
layoutInfo.pBindings = &uboLayoutBinding;
//[1]
if (vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(device, &layoutInfo, nullptr, &descriptorSetLayout) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to create descriptor set layout!");
}
}
void createUniformBuffers() {
VkDeviceSize bufferSize = sizeof(UniformBufferObject);
uniformBuffers.resize(swapChainImages.size());
uniformBuffersMemory.resize(swapChainImages.size());
for (size_t i = 0; i < swapChainImages.size(); i++) {
createBuffer(bufferSize, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT |
VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT, uniformBuffers[i], uniformBuffersMemory[i]);
}
}
//[3]
void updateUniformBuffer(uint32_t currentImage) {
static auto startTime = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
auto currentTime = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
float time = std::chrono::duration<float, std::chrono::seconds::period>(currentTime - startTime).count();
UniformBufferObject ubo = {};
ubo.model = glm::rotate(glm::mat4(1.0f), time * glm::radians(90.0f), glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f));
ubo.view = glm::lookAt(glm::vec3(2.0f, 2.0f, 2.0f), glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f));
ubo.proj = glm::perspective(glm::radians(45.0f), swapChainExtent.width / (float)swapChainExtent.height, 0.1f, 10.0f);
//[3]GLM 最初是为 OpenGL 设计的,其中剪辑坐标的 Y 坐标是倒置的。
//[3]对此进行补偿的最简单方法是翻转投影矩阵中 Y 轴缩放因子上的符号。 如果你不这样做,那么图像将被颠倒渲染。
ubo.proj[1][1] *= -1;
void* data;
vkMapMemory(device, uniformBuffersMemory[currentImage], 0, sizeof(ubo), 0, &data);
memcpy(data, &ubo, sizeof(ubo));
vkUnmapMemory(device, uniformBuffersMemory[currentImage]);
}
//[4]
void createDescriptorPool() {
VkDescriptorPoolSize poolSize = {};
poolSize.type = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER;
poolSize.descriptorCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(swapChainImages.size());
VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo poolInfo = {};
poolInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_INFO;
poolInfo.poolSizeCount = 1;
poolInfo.pPoolSizes = &poolSize;
poolInfo.maxSets = static_cast<uint32_t>(swapChainImages.size());
//[4]该结构有一个类似于命令池的可选标志,用于确定是否可以释放单个描述符集:
//[4]VK_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_FREE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_BIT。
//[4]我们不会在创建描述符集之后再去接触它,所以我们不需要这个标志。 您可以将标志保留为其默认值 0。
if (vkCreateDescriptorPool(device, &poolInfo, nullptr, &descriptorPool) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to create descriptor pool!");
}
}
//[5]
void createDescriptorSets() {
std::vector<VkDescriptorSetLayout> layouts(swapChainImages.size(), descriptorSetLayout);
VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo allocInfo = {};
allocInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_ALLOCATE_INFO;
allocInfo.descriptorPool = descriptorPool;
allocInfo.descriptorSetCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(swapChainImages.size());
allocInfo.pSetLayouts = layouts.data();
descriptorSets.resize(swapChainImages.size());
if (vkAllocateDescriptorSets(device, &allocInfo, descriptorSets.data()) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to allocate descriptor sets!");
}
for (size_t i = 0; i < swapChainImages.size(); i++) {
VkDescriptorBufferInfo bufferInfo = {};
bufferInfo.buffer = uniformBuffers[i];
bufferInfo.offset = 0;
//[5]可使用VK_WHOLE_SIZE
bufferInfo.range = sizeof(UniformBufferObject);
VkWriteDescriptorSet descriptorWrite = {};
descriptorWrite.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WRITE_DESCRIPTOR_SET;
descriptorWrite.dstSet = descriptorSets[i];
//[5]绑定位置
descriptorWrite.dstBinding = 0;
//[5]array位置
descriptorWrite.dstArrayElement = 0;
descriptorWrite.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER;
//[5]how many array elements you want to update
descriptorWrite.descriptorCount = 1;
//[5] refer to buffer data
descriptorWrite.pBufferInfo = &bufferInfo;
//[5]refer to image data
descriptorWrite.pImageInfo = nullptr; // Optional
//[5]refer to buffer views
descriptorWrite.pTexelBufferView = nullptr; // Optional
//[5]它接受两种数组作为参数:
//[5]VkWriteDescriptorSet 数组
//[5]VkCopyDescriptorSet 数组。
//[5]后者可用于将描述符相互复制。
vkUpdateDescriptorSets(device, 1, &descriptorWrite, 0, nullptr);
}
}
};
int main() {
Application app;
try {
app.run();
}
catch (const std::exception& e) {
std::cerr << e.what() << std::endl;
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}