SpringMVC学习笔记
十、拦截器
10.1)拦截器的配置
SpringMVC中的拦截器用于拦截控制器方法的执行;
SpringMVC中的拦截器需要实现HandlerInterceptor;
SpringMVC的拦截器必须在SpringMVC的配置文件中进行配置,新增工程SpringMvcDemo5,在其中新建SpringMVC.xml,代码如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<!--扫描组件-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.study.mvc"></context:component-scan>
<!--配置视图解析器-->
<bean id="viewResolver" class="org.thymeleaf.spring5.view.ThymeleafViewResolver">
<property name="order" value="1"/>
<property name="characterEncoding" value="UTF-8"/>
<property name="templateEngine">
<bean class="org.thymeleaf.spring5.SpringTemplateEngine">
<property name="templateResolver">
<bean class="org.thymeleaf.spring5.templateresolver.SpringResourceTemplateResolver">
<!-- 视图前缀 -->
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/templates/"/>
<!-- 视图后缀 -->
<property name="suffix" value=".html"/>
<property name="templateMode" value="HTML5"/>
<property name="characterEncoding" value="UTF-8"/>
</bean>
</property>
</bean>
</property>
</bean>
<mvc:view-controller path="/" view-name="index"></mvc:view-controller>
<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
<!--开启mvc的注解驱动-->
<mvc:annotation-driven>
<mvc:message-converters>
<!-- 处理响应中文内容乱码 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
<property name="defaultCharset" value="UTF-8"/>
<property name="supportedMediaTypes">
<list>
<value>text/html</value>
<value>application/json</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
</mvc:message-converters>
</mvc:annotation-driven>
<!--配置拦截器方式1 对DispatcherServlet所处理的所有的请求进行拦截-->
<mvc:interceptors>
<bean class="com.study.mvc.interceptors.FirstInterceptor"></bean>
</mvc:interceptors>
</beans>
10.2)拦截器的三个抽象方法
SpringMVC中的拦截器有三个抽象方法:
-
preHandle:控制器方法执行之前执行preHandle(),其boolean类型的返回值表示是否拦截或放行,返回true为放行,即调用控制器方法;返回false表示拦截,即不调用控制器方法;
-
postHandle:控制器方法执行之后执行postHandle();
-
afterComplation:处理完视图和模型数据,渲染视图完毕之后执行afterComplation();
代码示例:新建拦截器控制层代码FirstInterceptor.java,代码如下:
@Component
public class FirstInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
System.out.println("FirstInterceptor-->preHandle");
return true;
}
@Override
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
System.out.println("FirstInterceptor-->postHandle");
}
@Override
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
System.out.println("FirstInterceptor-->afterCompletion");
}
}
为便于测试,新建 TestController.java,代码如下:
@Controller
public class TestController {
@RequestMapping("/**/testInterceptor")
public String testInterceptor() {
return "success";
}
}
新建首页index.html,代码如下:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>首页</h1>
<a th:href="@{/testInterceptor}">测试拦截器</a><br>
</body>
</html>
测试:配置Tomacat后启动工程,浏览器访问:http://localhost:8080/SpringMvcDemo5/,点击“测试拦截器”超链接,页面跳转到成功页:http://localhost:8080/SpringMvcDemo5/testInterceptor,页面如下:
控制台输出:
16:07:32.160 [http-nio-8080-exec-9] DEBUG org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet - GET "/SpringMvcDemo5/testInterceptor", parameters={}
16:07:32.173 [http-nio-8080-exec-9] DEBUG org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping - Mapped to com.study.mvc.controller.TestController#testInterceptor()
FirstInterceptor-->preHandle
FirstInterceptor-->postHandle
FirstInterceptor-->afterCompletion
16:07:32.265 [http-nio-8080-exec-9] DEBUG org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet - Completed 200 OK
修改拦截器配置SpringMVC.xml,代码如下:【测试效果同上】
<!--配置拦截器方式2 对DispatcherServlet所处理的所有的请求进行拦截 -->
<mvc:interceptors>
<ref bean="firstInterceptor"></ref>
</mvc:interceptors>
修改拦截器配置SpringMVC.xml,代码如下:【测试效果同上】
<!--配置拦截器方式3-->
<!-- 以下配置方式可以通过ref或bean标签设置拦截器,通过mvc:mapping设置需要拦截的请求,通过mvc:exclude-mapping设置需要排除的请求,即不需要拦截的请求-->
<mvc:interceptors>
<mvc:interceptor>
<mvc:mapping path="/**"/>
<mvc:exclude-mapping path="/"/>
<ref bean="firstInterceptor"></ref>
</mvc:interceptor>
</mvc:interceptors>
10.3)多个拦截器的执行顺序
修改拦截器配置SpringMVC.xml,代码如下:
<!--配置拦截器,查看多个拦截器的执行顺序-->
<mvc:interceptors>
<ref bean="firstInterceptor"></ref>
<ref bean="secondInterceptor"></ref>
</mvc:interceptors>
10.3.1)每个拦截器的preHandle()都返回true
为了查看多个拦截器的执行顺序,新建拦截器控制层代码SecondInterceptor.java,代码如下:
@Component
public class SecondInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
System.out.println("SecondInterceptor-->preHandle");
return true;
}
@Override
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
System.out.println("SecondInterceptor-->postHandle");
}
@Override
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
System.out.println("SecondInterceptor-->afterCompletion");
}
}
测试:配置Tomacat后启动工程,浏览器访问:http://localhost:8080/SpringMvcDemo5/,点击“测试拦截器”超链接,页面跳转到成功页:http://localhost:8080/SpringMvcDemo5/testInterceptor,页面如下:
控制台输出:
16:23:54.596 [http-nio-8080-exec-7] DEBUG org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet - GET "/SpringMvcDemo5/testInterceptor", parameters={}
16:23:54.603 [http-nio-8080-exec-7] DEBUG org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping - Mapped to com.study.mvc.controller.TestController#testInterceptor()
FirstInterceptor-->preHandle
SecondInterceptor-->preHandle
SecondInterceptor-->postHandle
FirstInterceptor-->postHandle
SecondInterceptor-->afterCompletion
FirstInterceptor-->afterCompletion
16:23:54.639 [http-nio-8080-exec-7] DEBUG org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet - Completed 200 OK
执行顺序:
若每个拦截器的preHandle()都返回true
此时多个拦截器的执行顺序和拦截器在SpringMVC的配置文件的配置顺序有关:
preHandle()会按照配置的顺序执行,而postHandle()和afterComplation()会按照配置的反序执行
10.3.2)某个拦截器的preHandle()返回了false
修改拦截器控制层代码SecondInterceptor.java,代码如下:
@Component
public class SecondInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
System.out.println("SecondInterceptor-->preHandle");
return false;
}
@Override
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
System.out.println("SecondInterceptor-->postHandle");
}
@Override
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
System.out.println("SecondInterceptor-->afterCompletion");
}
}
测试,控制台输出:
16:28:10.774 [http-nio-8080-exec-1] DEBUG org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet - GET "/SpringMvcDemo5/", parameters={}
16:28:10.788 [http-nio-8080-exec-1] DEBUG org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping - Mapped to ParameterizableViewController [view="index"]
FirstInterceptor-->preHandle
SecondInterceptor-->preHandle
FirstInterceptor-->afterCompletion
执行顺序:
若某个拦截器的preHandle()返回了false
preHandle()返回false和它之前的拦截器的preHandle()都会执行,postHandle()都不执行,返回false的拦截器之前的拦截器的afterComplation()会执行
10.3.3)源码
在DispatcherServlet.java中
protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
...
if (!mappedHandler.applyPreHandle(processedRequest, response)) {
return;
}
mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());
if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
return;
}
this.applyDefaultViewName(processedRequest, mv);
mappedHandler.applyPostHandle(processedRequest, response, mv);
}
this.processDispatchResult(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv, (Exception)dispatchException);
...
}
private void processDispatchResult(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, @Nullable HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler, @Nullable ModelAndView mv, @Nullable Exception exception) throws Exception {
...
if (!WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request).isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
if (mappedHandler != null) {
mappedHandler.triggerAfterCompletion(request, response, (Exception)null);
}
}
}