c++ 转换与继承

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
using std::string;  

class Item_base {

public:
    Item_base(const std::string &book = "", 
              double sales_price = 0.0):
                     isbn(book), price(sales_price) { }

    std::string book() const { return isbn; }

    
    virtual double net_price(std::size_t n) const 
               { return n * price; }

    virtual ~Item_base() { } 
private:
    std::string isbn;   
protected:
    double price;       

};

class Bulk_item : public Item_base {

public:
       double net_price(std::size_t) const;
       void memfcn(const Bulk_item &d, const Item_base &b);
private: 
	std::size_t min_qty;
        double discount;

};


 double Bulk_item::net_price(size_t cnt) const
{
	if(cnt >= min_qty)
              return cnt * (1 - discount) * price;
        else
              return cnt * price;
}

void Bulk_item::memfcn(const Bulk_item &d, const Item_base &b)
{
	double ret = price;
        ret = d.price;
       
}

int main()
{

Bulk_item bulk;
Item_base item(bulk);  //ok
item = bulk; //ok

Item_base base;
Bulk_item *bulkP = &base;  //error
Bulk_item &buklRef = base;  //error
Bulk_item bulk = base;     //error

Item_base *itemP = &bulk;  // ok
Bulk_item *bulkP = itemP;  //error

}