《C和指针》的第一个例子

/*
** This program reads input lines from the standard input and prints
** each input line, followed by just some portions of the lines, to
** the standard output.
**
** The first input is a list of column numbers, which ends with a
** negative number.  The column numbers are paired and specify
** ranges of columns from the input line that are to be printed.
** For example, 0 3 10 12 -1 indicates that only columns 0 through 3
** and columns 10 through 12 will be printed.
*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#define MAX_COLS    20  /* max # of columns to process */
#define MAX_INPUT   1000    /* max len of input & output lines */

int read_column_numbers( int columns[], int max );
void    rearrange( char *output, char const *input,int n_columns, int const columns[] );
int main( void )
{
    int n_columns;      /* # of columns to process 进行处理的列标号*/
    int columns[MAX_COLS];  /* the columns to process 需要处理的列数*/
    char    input[MAX_INPUT];   /* array for input line 容纳输入的行的数组*/
    char    output[MAX_INPUT];  /* array for output line 容纳输出的行的数组*/

    /*
     ** Read the list of column numbers
     */
    n_columns = read_column_numbers( columns, MAX_COLS );

    /*
     ** Read, process and print the remaining lines of input.
     */
    while( gets( input ) != NULL ){
        printf( "Original input : %s\n", input );
        rearrange( output, input, n_columns, columns );
        printf( "Rearranged line: %s\n", output );
    }
    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
/*
 ** Read the list of column numbers, ignoring any beyond the specified
 ** maximum.
 */
int read_column_numbers( int columns[], int max )
{
    int num = 0;
    int ch;
    /*
     ** Get the numbers, stopping at eof or when a number is < 0.
     */
    while( num < max && scanf( "%d", &columns[num] ) == 1
            && columns[num] >= 0 )
    /*
     **scanf()返回值：成功则返回参数数目, 失败则返回-1, 错误原因存于errno 中
     */
        num += 1;
    /*
     ** Make sure we have an even number of inputs, as they are
     ** supposed to be paired.
     */
    if( num % 2 != 0 ){
        puts( "Last column number is not paired." );
        exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
    }
    /*
     ** Discard the rest of the line that contained the final
     ** number.
     */
    while( (ch = getchar()) != EOF && ch != '\n' )
    /*
     **int getchar(void);　#define EOF -1
     */        ;
    printf("num=%d\n",num);
    return num;
}
/*
 ** Process a line of input by concatenating the characters from
 ** the indicated columns.  The output line is then NUL terminated.
 */
void rearrange( char *output, char const *input,int n_columns, int const columns[] )
{
    int col;        /* subscript for columns array */
    int output_col; /* output column counter */
    int len;        /* length of input line */

    len = strlen( input );
    output_col = 0;
    /*
     ** Process each pair of column numbers.
     */
    for( col = 0; col < n_columns; col += 2 ){
        printf("col=%d\n",col);
        int nchars = columns[col + 1] - columns[col] + 1;
        printf("columns[col+1]=%d\ncolumu[col]=%d\nnchars=%d\n",columns[col + 1],columns[col],nchars);
        /*
         ** If the input line isn't this long or the output
         ** array is full, we're done.
         */
        if( columns[col] >= len ||output_col == MAX_INPUT - 1 )
            break;
        /*
         ** If there isn't room in the output array, only copy
         ** what will fit.
         */
        if( output_col + nchars > MAX_INPUT - 1 )
            nchars = MAX_INPUT - output_col - 1;
        /*
         ** Copy the relevant data.
         */
        printf("input + columns[col]=%s\n",input + columns[col]);/*输入的字符串*/
        strncpy( output + output_col, input + columns[col],nchars );
        printf("input + columns[col]=%s\n",input + columns[col]);/*经过移位的字符串*/
        /*
         ** char * strncpy(char *dest, const char *src, size_t n);
         */
        output_col += nchars;
    }
    output[output_col] = '\0';/*循环之后输出的字符串将NUL字符作为终止符*/
    printf("output[output_col]=%c\n",output[output_col-1]);/*将看见最后一个字符*/
}    
/*****运行结果：********/
/*jiangxianxd@jiangxianxd:~/code/c_pointer/ch1$ ./rearrang 
4 9 12 20 -1
num=4
jkfsdjkafjsdkjfaksdhfjasdhfjksdhafjkdhsjafdsfd
Original input : jkfsdjkafjsdkjfaksdhfjasdhfjksdhafjkdhsjafdsfd
col=0
columns[col+1]=9
columu[col]=4
nchars=6
input + columns[col]=djkafjsdkjfaksdhfjasdhfjksdhafjkdhsjafdsfd
input + columns[col]=djkafjsdkjfaksdhfjasdhfjksdhafjkdhsjafdsfd
col=2
columns[col+1]=20
columu[col]=12
nchars=9
input + columns[col]=kjfaksdhfjasdhfjksdhafjkdhsjafdsfd
input + columns[col]=kjfaksdhfjasdhfjksdhafjkdhsjafdsfd
output[output_col]=f
Rearranged line: djkafjkjfaksdhf*/
/****by jiangxianxd*******/
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
#define MAX_COLS  20
#define MAX_INPUT 1000

int read_columns_num(int columns[],int max);
void rearrange(char *input, char *output, int columns[], int columns_col);

int main()
{
    int columns[MAX_COLS];/*需要处理的列数，例如输入4，6 -1 columns[0]=4 columns[1]=6*/
    int columns_col;//需要处理的列标号，4 6 -1 需要处理的列标号为2
    char input[MAX_INPUT];
    char output[MAX_COLS];

    columns_col = read_columns_num(columns,MAX_COLS);
    if(gets(input) != NULL){
        printf("输入的字符串=%s\n",input);
        rearrange(input, output, columns,columns_col);
        printf("hello2\n");
        printf("输出重新排列的字符串=%s\n",output);
    }
    else
        printf("当前没有字符串输入\n");
    return 0;
}  
int read_columns_num(int columns[],int max)
{  
    int num=0;
    int ch;/*注意ch = getchar()*/
    while(num < max && scanf("%d",&columns[num]) == 1 && columns[num] >= 0 )
        num = num + 1;
    if(num % 2 != 0){
        printf("输入的参数有问题\n");
        return;
    }
    while((ch = getchar()) != EOF && ch != '\n')
        ;
    printf("num=%d\n",num);
    return num;
}  
void rearrange(char *input, char *output, int columns[], int columns_col)
{  
    int col;
    int output_col;
    int len;
    int num_char;

    len = strlen (input);
    output_col = 0;
    printf("hello1\n");

    for(col = 0;col < columns_col;col=col+2){
        num_char = columns[col+1] - columns[col] +1;
        if(columns[col] >= len || output_col == MAX_INPUT -1){
            break;
        }
        /*  else{
 
            }*/
        if(output_col+num_char > MAX_INPUT -1){
            num_char = MAX_INPUT - output_col - 1;
        }
        /*  else{

            }*/

    strncpy(output + output_col,input + columns[col],num_char);
    output_col=output_col+num_char;
    output[output_col] = '\0';
    }
}
/****运行结果：*****/
/*jiangxianxd@jiangxianxd:~/code/c_pointer/ch1$ ./rearrangcopy 
3 6 -1
num=2
sjfkdjskajfdskjfsdkjkfdk
输入的字符串=sjfkdjskajfdskjfsdkjkfdk
hello1
hello2
输出重新排列的字符串=kdjs*/