网络编程

最新推荐文章于 2023-06-24 21:33:09 发布

名字叫jay

最新推荐文章于 2023-06-24 21:33:09 发布

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分类专栏： java基础

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/jiangyafu0/article/details/113906756

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1.1 概述

网络编程的目的：

无限电台。。。。传播交流信息，数据交换。通信

想要达到这个效果需要什么：

1.如何准确的定位网络上的一台珠玑 ip地址端口，定位到这个计算机上的某个资源

2.找到了这个珠玑，如何传输数据

Javaweb：网页编程 B/s

网络编程：TCP/IP C/S

1.2 网络通信的要素

通信双方地址：

IP
端口号
192.168.16.124:5900
规则：网络通信的协议

TCP/IP
在这里插入图片描述

小结：

网络编程中有两个主要的问题
- 如何准确的定位到网络上的一台或多台主机
- 找到主机之后如何进行通信
网络编程中高端要素
- IP和端口号 IP
- 网络通信协议 udp tcp
万物皆对象

1.3 ip

ip地址：inteAddress 查看本地 cmd ipconfig

唯一定位一台网络上计算机
127.0.0.1：本机localhost
ip地址的分类
- ipv4/Ipv6
  - ipv4 127.0.0.1 4个字节组成。 0~255 42亿个
  - ipv6 fe80::60f8:dddd:6bea:17a7%5 ，128位。8个无符号整数！

package com.jay;

import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;

/**
 * @description:
 * @author: jyf
 * @create: 2021-02-20 21:52
 **/
public class InetAddressTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws UnknownHostException {
        InetAddress inetAddress1 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
        System.out.println(inetAddress1);
        InetAddress inetAddress2 = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
        System.out.println(inetAddress2);
        InetAddress inetAddress3 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
        System.out.println(inetAddress3);

        InetAddress inetAddress4 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com"); // 查询网络地址
        System.out.println(inetAddress4);
        System.out.println(inetAddress4.getAddress());
        System.out.println(inetAddress4.getCanonicalHostName());
        System.out.println(inetAddress4.getHostAddress());
        System.out.println(inetAddress4.getHostName());

    }
}

1.4端口

端口表示计算机上得一个程序得进程

不同的进程有不同的端口号！用来区分软件的
被规定 0~65535
TCP,UDP : 65535 * 2 tcp:80 udp:80 单个嫌疑下端口号不能冲突
端口分类
- 公有端口 0~1024
  - http：80
  - https：443
  - ftp：21
  - telent：23
- 程序注册端口：1024~49151，分配用户或者程序
  - tomcat：8080
  - mysql：3306
  - oracle：1521
- 动态、私有：49152~65535

netstat -ano //查看所有的端口
netstat -ano |findstr “端口号” //查看指定的端口号
tasklist|findstr "端口号"  //查看指定端口号的进程

package com.jay;

import java.net.InetSocketAddress;

/**
 * @description:
 * @author: jyf
 * @create: 2021-02-20 22:15
 **/
public class InetSocketAddressTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        InetSocketAddress inetSocketAddress = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 8080);
        InetSocketAddress inetSocketAddress2 = new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 8080);

        System.out.println(inetSocketAddress);
        System.out.println(inetSocketAddress2);

        System.out.println(inetSocketAddress.getAddress());//获取地址
        System.out.println(inetSocketAddress.getHostName());//获取主机名字
        System.out.println(inetSocketAddress.getPort());//获取端口
    }
}

1.5通信协议

网络通信协议：速率、传输码率、代码结构、传输控制…

TCP/IP协议簇：是一组协议

TCP：用户传输协议
UDP：用户数据报协议
IP：网络互连协议

TCP与UDP的对比：

TCP：打电话

连接稳定
三次握手、四次挥手

//最少需要三次，保证稳定连接！<连接>
A：你瞅啥？
B：瞅你咋地？
A：干一场


//四次挥手 <断开>
A：我要走了
B：你真的要走了吗？
B：你真的真的要走了吗？
A：我真的要走了

客户端、服务器
传输完成、释放连接、效率低

UDP:发短信

不连接、不稳定
客户端、服务器：没有明确的界限
不管有没有准备好，都可以发送给你
DDOS：洪水攻击（发送大量的信息，堵塞端口，饱和攻击）

1.6 TCP

文字传输

1.客户端：

连接服务器 (Socket)
发送消息

package com.lesson02;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;

/**
 * @description: 客户端
 * @author: jyf
 * @create: 2021-02-20 22:37
 **/
public class TestClientSocket {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Socket socket = null;
        OutputStream os = null;
        try {
            //1、要知道服务器得地址、端口号
            InetAddress serverIP = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
            int port = 9999;
            //2、创建一个socket连接
            socket = new Socket(serverIP, port);
            //3、发送IO流信息
            os = socket.getOutputStream();
            os.write("你好，世界!".getBytes());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (os != null) {
                try {
                    os.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (socket != null) {
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

2.服务器:

建立服务器的端口号 ServerSocket
等待用户的链接 accept
接受用户的信息

package com.lesson02;


import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

/**
 * @description: 服务器端
 * @author: jyf
 * @create: 2021-02-20 22:37
 **/
public class TestServersSocket {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
        Socket socket = null;
        InputStream inputStream = null;
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
        try {
            //1、给自己新建一个端口号
            serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
            while (true) {
                //2、等待客户端进行连接
                socket = serverSocket.accept();
                //3、读取客户端的消息
                inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
                //4、管道流
                baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
                byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
                int len;
                while ((len = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1) {
                    baos.write(buffer, 0, len);
                }
                System.out.println(baos.toString());
            }

            /*
            while ((len = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1) {
                String string = new String(buffer,0,len);
                System.out.println(string);
            }
            */
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            //5、关闭资源（后开先关）
            if (baos != null) {
                try {
                    baos.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if(inputStream != null){
                try {
                    inputStream.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if(socket != null){
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if(serverSocket != null){
                try {
                    serverSocket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

文件上传

客户端：

package com.lesson02;

import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;

/**
 * @description:
 * @author: jyf
 * @create: 2021-02-20 23:03
 **/
public class TestClientSocket2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1、创建一个Socket连接
        Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9999);
        //2、创建一个输出流
        OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
        //3、读取文件
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("1.png"));
        //4、写出文件
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while ((len = fis.read(buffer)) != -1) {
            os.write(buffer, 0, len);
        }

        //同知服务端已经传输完了
        socket.shutdownOutput();//传输完毕

        //5、确定服务器接受完毕，才能断开连接
        InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        byte[] buffer2 = new byte[1024];
        int len2;
        while ((len2 = inputStream.read(buffer2)) != -1) {
            baos.write(buffer2, 0, len2);
        }
        System.out.println(baos.toString());

        //6、关闭资源
        baos.close();
        inputStream.close();

        fis.close();
        os.close();
        socket.close();
    }
}

服务端

package com.lesson02;

import java.io.*;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

/**
 * @description: 文件上传: 服务端
 * @author: jyf
 * @create: 2021-02-20 23:03
 **/
public class TestServersSocket2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        //1、创建服务
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
        //2、监听客户端得连接
        Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();//阻塞式监听，会一直等待
        //3、获取输入流
        InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
        //4、文件输出
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("2.png"));
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
            fos.write(buffer,0,len);
        }

        //5、通知客户端，我接受完毕了
        OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
        os.write("我接受完了".getBytes());
        //6、关闭资源
        fos.close();
        is.close();
        socket.close();
        serverSocket.close();
    }
}

1.7Tomcat

服务端:

自定义 S
Tomcat服务器 S

客户端：

自定义 C
浏览器 B

1.7、UDP

发送消息

发送端

package com.lesson03;

import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;

/**
 * @description: 发送端
 * @author: jyf
 * @create: 2021-02-20 23:51
 **/
public class UdpTest02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        // 1.建立一个socket
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();

        // 2.建个包
        InetAddress inetAddress = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
        String msg = "你好";
        int port = 9999;
        DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket
                (msg.getBytes(), 0, msg.getBytes().length,
                        inetAddress, port);

        // 3.发送包
        socket.send(packet);

        // 4.关闭流
        socket.close();
    }
}

接受端

package com.lesson03;

import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;

/**
 * @description: 接收端
 * @author: jyf
 * @create: 2021-02-20 23:51
 **/
public class UdpTest01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //开放端口
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9999);

        //接收数据包
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);
        //阻塞接收
        socket.receive(packet);
        System.out.println(packet.getAddress());
        System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(), 0, packet.getLength()));

        //关闭链接
        socket.close();
    }
}

咨询

循环发送消息

package com.lesson04;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;

/**
 * @description: 发送方
 * @author: jyf
 * @create: 2021-02-21 00:12
 **/
public class UdpSin01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9998);
        while (true) {
            //准备数据，控制台读取System.in
            BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
            //读取控制台输入的一行并把它转化为字符
            String string = bufferedReader.readLine();
            byte[] data = string.getBytes();
            DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(data, 0, data.length,
                    InetAddress.getByName("localhost"), 9999);
            socket.send(packet);

            if (string.equals("bye")) {
                break;
            }
        }
        socket.close();
    }
}

package com.lesson04;

import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;

/**
 * @description: 接收方
 * @author: jyf
 * @create: 2021-02-21 00:13
 **/
public class UdpSin02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9999);
        while (true) {
            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
            //准备接收包裹
            DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);
            socket.receive(packet);//阻塞时接收包裹

            byte[] data = packet.getData();
            String string = new String(data, 0, data.length);
            System.out.println(string);
            if (string.equals("bye")) {
                break;
            }
        }
        socket.close();
    }
}

在线咨询：两个人都可以发送

package com.lesson04;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.*;

/**
 * @description: 发送线程
 * @author: jyf
 * @create: 2021-02-21 00:31
 **/
public class TalkSend implements Runnable {

    private DatagramSocket socket = null;
    private BufferedReader bufferedReader = null;
    private int port;
    private String toIp;
    private int toPort;

    public TalkSend(int port, String toIp, int toPort) {
        this.port = port;
        this.toIp = toIp;
        this.toPort = toPort;

        try {
            socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
            bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
        } catch (SocketException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true) {
            try {
                String string = bufferedReader.readLine();
                byte[] data = string.getBytes();
                DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(data, 0, data.length,
                        new InetSocketAddress(this.toIp,this.toPort));

                socket.send(packet);

                if (string.equals("bye")) {
                    break;
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        socket.close();
    }
}

package com.lesson04;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;

/**
 * @description: 接收线程
 * @author: jyf
 * @create: 2021-02-21 00:31
 **/
public class TalkReceive implements Runnable {
    DatagramSocket socket = null;
    int port;
    String msgFrom;
    public TalkReceive(int port,String msgFrom) {
        this.port = port;
        this.msgFrom = msgFrom;
        try {
            socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
        } catch (SocketException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true) {
            try {
                byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
                DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);
                socket.receive(packet);//阻塞时接收包裹

                byte[] data = packet.getData();
                String string = new String(data, 0, data.length);
                System.out.println(msgFrom + " : " + string);

                if (string.equals("bye")) {
                    break;
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        socket.close();
    }
}

package com.lesson04;

/**
 * @description: 学生端
 * @author: jyf
 * @create: 2021-02-21 00:42
 **/
public class TalkStudent {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 开启两个线程  学生9999发 9998收
        new Thread(new TalkSend(9999, "localhost", 9996)).start();
        new Thread(new TalkReceive(9998, "老师")).start();
    }
}

package com.lesson04;

/**
 * @description: 老师端
 * @author: jyf
 * @create: 2021-02-21 00:42
 **/
public class TalkTeacher {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 开启两个线程 老师9997发 9996收
        new Thread(new TalkSend(9997, "localhost", 9998)).start();
        new Thread(new TalkReceive(9996, "学生")).start();
    }
}

1.8、URL

https://www.baidu.com/

统一资源定位符：定位资源，定位互联网上某一个资源

DNS域名解析 WWW.baidu

package com.lesson05;

import java.net.URL;

/**
 * @description:
 * @author: jyf
 * @create: 2021-02-21 01:08
 **/
public class UrlDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/helloworld/index.jsp?username=jay&password=123");
        System.out.println(url.getProtocol());// 协议
        System.out.println(url.getHost()); // 主机ip
        System.out.println(url.getPort()); // 端口
        System.out.println(url.getPath()); // 全路径
        System.out.println(url.getFile()); // 文件
        System.out.println(url.getQuery()); // 参数
    }
}

package com.lesson05;

import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;

/**
 * @description:
 * @author: jyf
 * @create: 2021-02-21 01:08
 **/
public class UrlDown {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        // 1.下载地址
        URL url = new URL("https://gimg2.baidu.com/image_search/src=http%3A%2F%2Fa0.att.hudong.com%2F30%2F29%2F01300000201438121627296084016.jpg&refer=http%3A%2F%2Fa0.att.hudong.com&app=2002&size=f9999,10000&q=a80&n=0&g=0n&fmt=jpeg?sec=1616433331&t=7eba2de97b643c69dc1bb7cc0d57d6d2");

        // 2. 连接
        HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();

        InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();

        FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream("3.jpg");

        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while ((len = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1) {
            fileOutputStream.write(buffer,0,len);
        }

        fileOutputStream.close();
        inputStream.close();
        urlConnection.disconnect();


    }
}

名字叫jay

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网络编程

1.1 概述网络编程的目的：无限电台。。。。传播交流信息，数据交换。通信想要达到这个效果需要什么：1.如何准确的定位网络上的一台珠玑 ip地址端口，定位到这个计算机上的某个资源2.找到了这个珠玑，如何传输数据Javaweb：网页编程 B/s网络编程：TCP/IP C/S1.2 网络通信的要素通信双方地址：IP端口号192.168.16.124:5900规则：网络通信的协议TCP/IP小结：网络编程中有两个主要的问题如何准确的定位到网络上的一台或多台主机找到主
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