Day10 JavaWeb学习笔记之Servlet：原理与ServletContext

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-18 22:17:20 发布

简绪睿

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-18 22:17:20 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/jianxurui/article/details/123091181

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Servlet原理

更详细的可以参考https://blog.csdn.net/a_helloworld_/article/details/81157297?utm_medium=distribute.pc_feed_404.none-task-blog-2~default~BlogCommendFromBaidu~Rate-3.control404&depth_1-utm_source=distribute.pc_feed_404.none-task-blog-2~default~BlogCommendFromBaidu~Rate-3.control40

Mapping问题

1.一个servlet可以映射一个路径

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

2.一个servlet可以映射多个路径

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/hello2</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/hello3</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/hello4</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

3.一个servlet可以映射通用路径

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/hello/*</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

4.默认请求路径

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

5.可以自定义后缀实现请求映射

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>*.jxr</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

*前面不能加项目映射的路径

6.优先级问题

固有的映射路径（指定的）的优先级最高，其次是默认的

    <!--404-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>error</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.jxr.servlet.ErrorServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>error</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

public class ErrorServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        resp.setContentType("text/html");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");

        PrintWriter writer = resp.getWriter();
        writer.print("<h>404</h>");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

ServletContext

public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

        //this.getInitParameter(); 初始化参数
        //this.getServletConfig();  Servlet配置
        //this.getServletContext();  Servlet上下文
        ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();

        System.out.println("Hello");
    }

}

web容器在启动的时候，它会为每个web程序都创建一个对应的ServletContext的对象，它代表了当前的web应用。

ServletContext的作用：

1.共享数据：ServletContext实现servlet之间的数据共享

编写一个新的servlet，并修改HelloServlet，去获得attribute

public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

        //this.getInitParameter(); 初始化参数
        //this.getServletConfig();  Servlet配置
        //this.getServletContext();  Servlet上下文
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();

        String username = "简绪睿";//数据
        context.setAttribute("username",username);//将一个数据保存在ServletContext中,Attribute是个键值对形式,即名字为
        //"username",而值为username.

    }

}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
                         http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0"
         metadata-complete="true">
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.jxr.servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>getcontext</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.jxr.servlet.GetServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>getcontext</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/getcontext</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

public class GetServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();

        String username = (String) context.getAttribute("username");

        resp.getWriter().print("username"+username);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
    }
}

运行服务器，如果先进入/getcontext则得到null，所以得先运行/hello再运行/getcontext

2.获取初始化参数

在web.xml里面可以设置一些参数

  <!--配置一些web应用初始化参数-->
  <context-param>
    <param-name>url</param-name>
    <param-value>jdbc:mysql//localhost:3306</param-value> //jdbc连接数据库的api
  </context-param>

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>geturl</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.jxr.servlet.ServletDemo03</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>geturl</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/geturl</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

public class ServletDemo03 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();

        String url = context.getInitParameter("url");
        resp.getWriter().print(url);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
    }
}

3.请求转发

可以转发页面

public class ServletDemo04 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        System.out.println("进入了demo04");
        RequestDispatcher requestDispatcher = context.getRequestDispatcher("/geturl");//转发的请求路径
        requestDispatcher.forward(req,resp);//调用forwa实现请求转发;
        //context.getRequestDispatcher("/geturl").forward(req,resp);一行也能完成
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
    }
}

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>sd4</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.jxr.servlet.ServletDemo04</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>sd4</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/sd4</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

这里是因为通过requestDispatcher转发的/geturl页面

转发路径不变，但是重定向路径会发生改变。

上图是转发的流程，而下图是重定向的流程。

4.读取资源文件

在resources文件下建立properties

创建PropertiesServlet

public class PropertiesServlet extends HttpServlet{
    public void test(){
        Properties properties = new Properties();
    }
}

然后使用maven清空target，启动tomcat观察properties的路径

若在com.jxr.servlet的文件下创建properties，则target里没有properties，因为maven在导出资源的时候会资源过滤，就如之前博客所说的，要在pom里面配置。


    <!--在build中配置resources,来防止我们资源导出失败的问题-->
    <build>
        <resources>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.properties</include>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                </excludes>
                <filtering>true</filtering>
            </resource>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/java</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.properties</include>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                </includes>
                <filtering>true</filtering>
            </resource>
        </resources>
    </build>

记得重启idea

Properties:

1.在java目录下新建properties

2.在resources目录下新建properties

发现都被打包到同一个路径：class，我们俗称这个为classpath，即类路径

public class ServletDemo05 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        InputStream is = this.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/classes/db.properties");

        Properties prop= new Properties();
        prop.load(is);
        String username = prop.getProperty("username");
        String password = prop.getProperty("password");
        resp.getWriter().print(username + password);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
    }
}

get.ResourceAsStream()变成文件流

测试是否能获得db.properties的内容

简绪睿

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Day10 JavaWeb学习笔记之Servlet：原理与ServletContext

Servlet原理更详细的可以参考https://blog.csdn.net/a_helloworld_/article/details/81157297?utm_medium=distribute.pc_feed_404.none-task-blog-2~default~BlogCommendFromBaidu~Rate-3.control404&depth_1-utm_source=distribute.pc_feed_404.none-task-blog-2~default~B..
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