HttpServletResponse
web服务器接收到客户端的http请求,针对这个请求,分别创建一个代表请求的HttpServletRequest对象,代表响应的一个HttpServletResponse对象;
如果要获取客户端请求过来的参数:找HttpServletRequest;
如果要给客户端响应一些信息:找HttpServletResponse。
方法简单分类
负责向浏览器发送数据的方法
ServletOutputStream getOutputStream() throws IOException;
PrintWriter getWriter() throws IOException;
这两个方法是ServletResponse这个接口里面的
负责向浏览器发送响应头的方法
void setCharacterEncoding(String var1);
void setContentLength(int var1);
void setContentLengthLong(long var1);
void setContentType(String var1);
void setDateHeader(String var1, long var2);
void addDateHeader(String var1, long var2);
void setHeader(String var1, String var2);
void addHeader(String var1, String var2);
void setIntHeader(String var1, int var2);
void addIntHeader(String var1, int var2);
状态码
int SC_CONTINUE = 100;
int SC_SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS = 101;
int SC_OK = 200;
int SC_CREATED = 201;
int SC_ACCEPTED = 202;
int SC_NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION = 203;
int SC_NO_CONTENT = 204;
int SC_RESET_CONTENT = 205;
int SC_PARTIAL_CONTENT = 206;
int SC_MULTIPLE_CHOICES = 300;
int SC_MOVED_PERMANENTLY = 301;
int SC_MOVED_TEMPORARILY = 302;
int SC_FOUND = 302;
int SC_SEE_OTHER = 303;
int SC_NOT_MODIFIED = 304;
int SC_USE_PROXY = 305;
int SC_TEMPORARY_REDIRECT = 307;
int SC_BAD_REQUEST = 400;
int SC_UNAUTHORIZED = 401;
int SC_PAYMENT_REQUIRED = 402;
int SC_FORBIDDEN = 403;
int SC_NOT_FOUND = 404;
int SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED = 405;
int SC_NOT_ACCEPTABLE = 406;
int SC_PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED = 407;
int SC_REQUEST_TIMEOUT = 408;
int SC_CONFLICT = 409;
int SC_GONE = 410;
int SC_LENGTH_REQUIRED = 411;
int SC_PRECONDITION_FAILED = 412;
int SC_REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE = 413;
int SC_REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG = 414;
int SC_UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE = 415;
int SC_REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE = 416;
int SC_EXPECTATION_FAILED = 417;
int SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR = 500;
int SC_NOT_IMPLEMENTED = 501;
int SC_BAD_GATEWAY = 502;
int SC_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE = 503;
int SC_GATEWAY_TIMEOUT = 504;
int SC_HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED = 505;
常见应用
向浏览器输出消息(之前一直在用)
public class IsLoginServlets extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//设置输入格式为UTF-8
resp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
//设置内容类型为UTF-8
resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
//获得打印流对象
PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
//此打印流对象可向浏览器输出信息
out.write("Do");
out.write(" you");
out.write(" like");
out.write(" wanyouxi?");
//清理打印流
out.flush();
//冲洗
}
}
下载文件
1.要获取下载文件的路径
2.下载的文件名是啥?
3.设置想办法让浏览器能够支持下载我们需要的东西
4.获取下载文件的输入流
5.创建缓冲区
6.获取OutputStream对象
7.将FileOutputStream流写入到buffer缓冲区
8.使用OutputStream将缓冲区中的数据输出到客户端!
public class FileServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
// 1.要获取下载文件的路径
String realPath = this.getServletContext().getRealPath("/1.png");
System.out.println("下载文件的路径:"+ realPath);
// 2.下载的文件名是啥?
String fileName = realPath.substring(realPath.lastIndexOf("\\") + 1);
// 3.设置想办法让浏览器能够支持(Content-Disposition)下载我们需要的东西
resp.setHeader("Content-Disposition","attachment;filename="+fileName);
// 4.获取下载文件的输入流
FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(realPath);
// 5.创建缓冲区
int len = 0;
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
// 6.获取OutputStream对象
ServletOutputStream out = resp.getOutputStream();
// 7.将FileOutputStream流写入到buffer缓冲区
while ((len=in.read(buffer))>0){
// 8.使用OutputStream将缓冲区中的数据输出到客户端!
out.write(buffer,0,len);
}
in.close();
out.close();
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
}
}
<servlet>
<servlet-name>filedown</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.jxr.servlet.FileServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>filedown</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/down</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
但是进入到网页中会报500错误,显示系统找不到制定的文件
而实际的路径是:
D:\studyJava\code\javaweb-02-servlet\response\target\classes
可以将路径写死:
运行成功
tips:
// 3.设置想办法让浏览器能够支持(Content-Disposition)下载我们需要的东西,使用URLEncoder.encode()可以读取中文文件名
resp.setHeader("Content-Disposition","attachment;filename="+ URLEncoder.encode(fileName,"UTF-8"));
验证码功能
验证怎么来的?
1.前端实现
2.后端实现,需要用到Java的图片类,生产一个图片
public class ImageServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//如何让浏览器3秒自动刷新一次;
resp.setHeader("refresh","3");
//在内存中创建一个图片
BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(80,20,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_BGR);
//得到图片
Graphics2D g = (Graphics2D) image.getGraphics();//2d画笔
//设置图片的背景颜色
g.setColor(Color.white);
g.fillRect(0,0,80,20);
//给图片写数据
g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
g.setFont(new Font(null,Font.BOLD,20));
g.drawString(makeNum(),0,20);
//告诉浏览器,这个请求用图片的方式打开
resp.setContentType("image/jpg");
//网站存在缓存,不让浏览器缓存(可以不用学)
resp.setDateHeader("expires",-1);
resp.setHeader("Cache-Control","no-cache");
resp.setHeader("Pragma","no-cahce");
//把图片写给浏览器
boolean write = ImageIO.write(image,"jpg",resp.getOutputStream());
}
//生成随机数
private String makeNum(){
Random random = new Random();
String num = random.nextInt(9999999) + "";
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();//stringbuffer是可变字符串
for(int i = 0;i<7-num.length();i++){
sb.append("0");
}
String s = sb.toString() + num;
return num;
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
}
}
5s刷新一次
实现重定向
B一个web资源收到客户端A请求后,B他会通知A客户端去访问另外一个web资源C,这个过程叫重定向
常见场景:
1.用户登录
void sendRedirect(String var1) throws IOException;
测试
public class RedirectServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
/*
resp.setHeader("Location","/r/img");
resp.setStatus(302);
重定向的原理
*/
resp.sendRedirect("/r/image");//重定向
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
}
}
<servlet>
<servlet-name>redirect</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.jxr.servlet.RedirectServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>redirect</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/red</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
进入/red之后会成功跳转到/image
面试题:请你聊聊重定向和转发的区别?
相同点
页面都会实现跳转
不同点
请求转发的时候,url不会产生变化
重定向时候,url地址栏会发生变化
利用重定向实现登录和页面跳转
为index页面设置登录功能
<html>
<body>
<h2>Hello World!</h2>
<%--这里提交的路径,需要寻找到项目的路径--%>
<%--${pageContext.request.contextPath}代表当前的项目--%>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/login" method="get">
用户名:<input type="text" name="username">
密码:<input type="password" name="password">
<input type="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>
设置相应的类和方法以及servlet映射:
public class RequestTest extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//处理请求
String username = req.getParameter("username");
String password = req.getParameter("password");
System.out.println(username+":"+password);
//重定向的时候一定要注意路径的问题,否则就会404
resp.sendRedirect("/r/success.jsp");
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
}
}
<servlet>
<servlet-name>request</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.jxr.servlet.RequestTest</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>request</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/login</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
并在webapps下创建success.jsp,(记得在pom下设置资源过滤,不然target文件中没有success.jsp,会报404错误)
HttpServletRequest
HttpServletRequest代表客户端的请求,用户通过Http协议访问服务器,HTTP请求中的所有信息会被封装到HttpServletRequest,通过这个HttpServletRequest的方法,获得客户端的所有信息。
Request应用:
1、获取前端传递的参数
2、请求转发
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>登录</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>登录</h1>
<div style="text-align: center">
<%--这里表单表示的意思:以post方式提交表单,提交到我没的login请求--%>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}\login" method="post">
用户名:<input type="text" name="username"> <br>
密码:<input type="password" name="password"> <br>
爱好:
<input type="checkbox" name="hobbys" value="女孩">女孩
<input type="checkbox" name="hobbys" value="代码">代码
<input type="checkbox" name="hobbys" value="唱歌">唱歌
<input type="checkbox" name="hobbys" value="电影">电影
<br>
<input type="submit">
</form>
</div>
</body>
</html>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>LohinServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.jxr.servlet.LoginServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>LohinServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/login</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
String username = req.getParameter("username");
String password = req.getParameter("password");
String[] parameterValues = req.getParameterValues("hobbys");
//后台接收中文乱码问题
System.out.println("=======================");
System.out.println(username);
System.out.println(password);
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(parameterValues));
System.out.println("=======================");
//resp.sendRedirect("/request/success.jsp");重定向
//通过请求转发
req.getRequestDispatcher("/success.jsp").forward(req,resp);//注意路径与重定向不一样
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
以实现登录成功后跳转,且获得登录提交信息的功能