Day11 JavaWeb学习笔记之Servlet：Response与Request

HttpServletResponse

web服务器接收到客户端的http请求，针对这个请求，分别创建一个代表请求的HttpServletRequest对象，代表响应的一个HttpServletResponse对象；

如果要获取客户端请求过来的参数：找HttpServletRequest；

如果要给客户端响应一些信息：找HttpServletResponse。

方法简单分类

负责向浏览器发送数据的方法

ServletOutputStream getOutputStream() throws IOException;

PrintWriter getWriter() throws IOException;

 

这两个方法是ServletResponse这个接口里面的

负责向浏览器发送响应头的方法

    void setCharacterEncoding(String var1);

    void setContentLength(int var1);

    void setContentLengthLong(long var1);

    void setContentType(String var1);

    void setDateHeader(String var1, long var2);

    void addDateHeader(String var1, long var2);

    void setHeader(String var1, String var2);

    void addHeader(String var1, String var2);

    void setIntHeader(String var1, int var2);

    void addIntHeader(String var1, int var2);

状态码

int SC_CONTINUE = 100;
    int SC_SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS = 101;
    int SC_OK = 200;
    int SC_CREATED = 201;
    int SC_ACCEPTED = 202;
    int SC_NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION = 203;
    int SC_NO_CONTENT = 204;
    int SC_RESET_CONTENT = 205;
    int SC_PARTIAL_CONTENT = 206;
    int SC_MULTIPLE_CHOICES = 300;
    int SC_MOVED_PERMANENTLY = 301;
    int SC_MOVED_TEMPORARILY = 302;
    int SC_FOUND = 302;
    int SC_SEE_OTHER = 303;
    int SC_NOT_MODIFIED = 304;
    int SC_USE_PROXY = 305;
    int SC_TEMPORARY_REDIRECT = 307;
    int SC_BAD_REQUEST = 400;
    int SC_UNAUTHORIZED = 401;
    int SC_PAYMENT_REQUIRED = 402;
    int SC_FORBIDDEN = 403;
    int SC_NOT_FOUND = 404;
    int SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED = 405;
    int SC_NOT_ACCEPTABLE = 406;
    int SC_PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED = 407;
    int SC_REQUEST_TIMEOUT = 408;
    int SC_CONFLICT = 409;
    int SC_GONE = 410;
    int SC_LENGTH_REQUIRED = 411;
    int SC_PRECONDITION_FAILED = 412;
    int SC_REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE = 413;
    int SC_REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG = 414;
    int SC_UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE = 415;
    int SC_REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE = 416;
    int SC_EXPECTATION_FAILED = 417;
    int SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR = 500;
    int SC_NOT_IMPLEMENTED = 501;
    int SC_BAD_GATEWAY = 502;
    int SC_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE = 503;
    int SC_GATEWAY_TIMEOUT = 504;
    int SC_HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED = 505;

常见应用

向浏览器输出消息（之前一直在用）

public class IsLoginServlets extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //设置输入格式为UTF-8
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        //设置内容类型为UTF-8
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        //获得打印流对象
        PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
        //此打印流对象可向浏览器输出信息
        out.write("Do");
        out.write(" you");
        out.write(" like");
        out.write(" wanyouxi?");
        //清理打印流
        out.flush();
        //冲洗
    }


}

下载文件

1.要获取下载文件的路径
2.下载的文件名是啥?
3.设置想办法让浏览器能够支持下载我们需要的东西
4.获取下载文件的输入流
5.创建缓冲区
6.获取OutputStream对象
7.将FileOutputStream流写入到buffer缓冲区
8.使用OutputStream将缓冲区中的数据输出到客户端!
 

public class FileServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //        1.要获取下载文件的路径
        String realPath = this.getServletContext().getRealPath("/1.png");
        System.out.println("下载文件的路径:"+ realPath);
        //        2.下载的文件名是啥?
        String fileName = realPath.substring(realPath.lastIndexOf("\\") + 1);
        //        3.设置想办法让浏览器能够支持(Content-Disposition)下载我们需要的东西
        resp.setHeader("Content-Disposition","attachment;filename="+fileName);
        //        4.获取下载文件的输入流
        FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(realPath);
        //        5.创建缓冲区
        int len = 0;
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        //        6.获取OutputStream对象
        ServletOutputStream out = resp.getOutputStream();
        //        7.将FileOutputStream流写入到buffer缓冲区
        while ((len=in.read(buffer))>0){
            //    8.使用OutputStream将缓冲区中的数据输出到客户端!
            out.write(buffer,0,len);
        }

        in.close();
        out.close();

    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }
}

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>filedown</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.jxr.servlet.FileServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>filedown</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/down</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

 但是进入到网页中会报500错误，显示系统找不到制定的文件

 

而实际的路径是：

D:\studyJava\code\javaweb-02-servlet\response\target\classes 

 可以将路径写死：

 运行成功 

 tips:

//        3.设置想办法让浏览器能够支持(Content-Disposition)下载我们需要的东西,使用URLEncoder.encode()可以读取中文文件名
        resp.setHeader("Content-Disposition","attachment;filename="+ URLEncoder.encode(fileName,"UTF-8"));

 验证码功能

验证怎么来的?
1.前端实现
2.后端实现，需要用到Java的图片类，生产一个图片

public class ImageServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

        //如何让浏览器3秒自动刷新一次;
        resp.setHeader("refresh","3");

        //在内存中创建一个图片
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(80,20,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_BGR);
        //得到图片
        Graphics2D g = (Graphics2D) image.getGraphics();//2d画笔
        //设置图片的背景颜色
        g.setColor(Color.white);
        g.fillRect(0,0,80,20);
        //给图片写数据
        g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
        g.setFont(new Font(null,Font.BOLD,20));
        g.drawString(makeNum(),0,20);

        //告诉浏览器,这个请求用图片的方式打开
        resp.setContentType("image/jpg");
        //网站存在缓存，不让浏览器缓存(可以不用学)
        resp.setDateHeader("expires",-1);
        resp.setHeader("Cache-Control","no-cache");
        resp.setHeader("Pragma","no-cahce");

        //把图片写给浏览器
        boolean write = ImageIO.write(image,"jpg",resp.getOutputStream());

    }
    //生成随机数
    private String makeNum(){
        Random random = new Random();
        String num =  random.nextInt(9999999) + "";
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();//stringbuffer是可变字符串
        for(int i = 0;i<7-num.length();i++){
            sb.append("0");
        }
        String s = sb.toString() + num;
        return num;
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
    }
}

5s刷新一次

实现重定向

 

 B一个web资源收到客户端A请求后，B他会通知A客户端去访问另外一个web资源C，这个过程叫重定向

常见场景：

1.用户登录

void sendRedirect(String var1) throws IOException;

测试

public class RedirectServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        /*
        resp.setHeader("Location","/r/img");
        resp.setStatus(302);
        重定向的原理
        */

        resp.sendRedirect("/r/image");//重定向
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }
}

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>redirect</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.jxr.servlet.RedirectServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>redirect</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/red</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

进入/red之后会成功跳转到/image

 面试题:请你聊聊重定向和转发的区别?

相同点

页面都会实现跳转

不同点

请求转发的时候，url不会产生变化

重定向时候，url地址栏会发生变化

 

利用重定向实现登录和页面跳转

为index页面设置登录功能

<html>
<body>
<h2>Hello World!</h2>

<%--这里提交的路径，需要寻找到项目的路径--%>
<%--${pageContext.request.contextPath}代表当前的项目--%>

<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/login" method="get">
    用户名：<input type="text" name="username">
    密码：<input type="password" name="password">
    <input type="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>

设置相应的类和方法以及servlet映射： 

public class RequestTest extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //处理请求
        String username = req.getParameter("username");
        String password = req.getParameter("password");

        System.out.println(username+":"+password);

        //重定向的时候一定要注意路径的问题，否则就会404
        resp.sendRedirect("/r/success.jsp");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }
}

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>request</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.jxr.servlet.RequestTest</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>request</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/login</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

并在webapps下创建success.jsp，（记得在pom下设置资源过滤，不然target文件中没有success.jsp,会报404错误）

 HttpServletRequest

HttpServletRequest代表客户端的请求，用户通过Http协议访问服务器，HTTP请求中的所有信息会被封装到HttpServletRequest，通过这个HttpServletRequest的方法，获得客户端的所有信息。
 

 

Request应用： 

1、获取前端传递的参数

 2、请求转发

 

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>登录</title>
</head>
<body>

<h1>登录</h1>
<div style="text-align: center">
<%--这里表单表示的意思：以post方式提交表单，提交到我没的login请求--%>
    <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}\login" method="post">
        用户名：<input type="text" name="username"> <br>
        密码：<input type="password" name="password"> <br>
        爱好:
        <input type="checkbox" name="hobbys" value="女孩">女孩
        <input type="checkbox" name="hobbys" value="代码">代码
        <input type="checkbox" name="hobbys" value="唱歌">唱歌
        <input type="checkbox" name="hobbys" value="电影">电影

        <br>
        <input type="submit">
    </form>
</div>

</body>
</html>

 

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>LohinServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.jxr.servlet.LoginServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>LohinServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/login</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

 

public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");

        String username = req.getParameter("username");
        String password = req.getParameter("password");
        String[] parameterValues = req.getParameterValues("hobbys");
        //后台接收中文乱码问题
        System.out.println("=======================");
        System.out.println(username);
        System.out.println(password);
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(parameterValues));
        System.out.println("=======================");

        //resp.sendRedirect("/request/success.jsp");重定向

        //通过请求转发
        req.getRequestDispatcher("/success.jsp").forward(req,resp);//注意路径与重定向不一样
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }

}

 以实现登录成功后跳转，且获得登录提交信息的功能