Linux基本操作（8）-存储管理之KVM管理、文件软连接、文件硬链接

一、逻辑卷LVM：由于基本磁盘分区使用完毕，无法扩容，所以提出LVM逻辑卷管理器

1、基本概念：

LVM是 Logical Volume Manager（逻辑卷管理）
PV:物理卷（Physical volume）：一块硬盘，或多块硬盘
VG：卷组(Volume Group)：一堆磁盘的统称
LV：逻辑卷(Logical Volume)：一个逻辑分区，一个分区

2、创建LVM

1)将物理磁盘转换成物理卷：pvcreate /dev/sdk

[root@localhost jiaofan]# lsblk | grep sdk
sdk               8:160  0    2G  0 disk  
[root@localhost jiaofan]# pvcreate  /dev/sdk
  Physical volume "/dev/sdk" successfully created.
[root@localhost jiaofan]# 

2）查看物理卷：pvscan=pvs=pvdisplay

[root@localhost jiaofan]# pvs
  PV         VG     Fmt  Attr PSize   PFree
  /dev/sda2  centos lvm2 a--  <19.00g    0 
  /dev/sdk          lvm2 ---    2.00g 2.00g
[root@localhost jiaofan]# 

3）创建卷组：vgcreate vg1 /dev/sdk

[root@localhost jiaofan]# vgcreate  vg1  /dev/sdk
  Volume group "vg1" successfully created
[root@localhost jiaofan]# 

4）查看卷组：vgs=vgscan=vgdisplay

[root@localhost jiaofan]# vgs
  VG     #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize   VFree 
  centos   1   2   0 wz--n- <19.00g     0 
  vg1      1   0   0 wz--n-  <2.00g <2.00g
[root@localhost jiaofan]# 

5）创建逻辑卷：lvcreate -L 200M -n lv1 vg1

[root@localhost jiaofan]# lvcreate -L 200M  -n lv1  vg1
  Logical volume "lv1" created.
[root@localhost jiaofan]# 

6）查看逻辑卷：lvs=lvscan=lvdisplay

[root@localhost jiaofan]# lvs
  LV   VG     Attr       LSize   Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
  root centos -wi-ao---- <17.00g                                                    
  swap centos -wi-ao----   2.00g                                                    
  lv1  vg1    -wi-a----- 200.00m                                                    
[root@localhost jiaofan]# 

7）格式化为文件系统：mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg1/lv1

[root@localhost jiaofan]# mkfs.ext4  /dev/vg1/lv1
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
文件系统标签=
OS type: Linux
块大小=1024 (log=0)
分块大小=1024 (log=0)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
51200 inodes, 204800 blocks
10240 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一个数据块=1
Maximum filesystem blocks=33816576
25 block groups
8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
2048 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
	8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729

Allocating group tables: 完成                            
正在写入inode表: 完成                            
Creating journal (4096 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成 

[root@localhost jiaofan]# 

8）创建挂载点：mkdir /mnt/lv1

[root@localhost jiaofan]# mkdir /mnt/lv1
挂载：mount    /dev/vg1/lv1   /mnt/lv1
[root@localhost jiaofan]# mount /dev/vg1/lv1   /mnt/lv1

9）查看挂在点信息

[root@localhost jiaofan]# df -hT
文件系统                类型      容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
devtmpfs                devtmpfs  470M     0  470M    0% /dev
tmpfs                   tmpfs     487M     0  487M    0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                   tmpfs     487M  8.6M  478M    2% /run
tmpfs                   tmpfs     487M     0  487M    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs        17G  8.9G  8.2G   53% /
/dev/mapper/vg1-lv1     ext4      190M  1.6M  175M    1% /mnt/lv1
[root@localhost jiaofan]# 

3、LV扩容：

1）LV增加容量：lvextend -L +200M /dev/vg1/lv1

  Size of logical volume vg1/lv1 changed from 200.00 MiB (50 extents) to 400.00 MiB (100 extents).
  Logical volume vg1/lv1 successfully resized.
[root@localhost jiaofan]# 

2）刷新LV：resize2fs /dev/vg1/lv1

[root@localhost jiaofan]# resize2fs  /dev/vg1/lv1
resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem at /dev/vg1/lv1 is mounted on /mnt/lv1; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 2, new_desc_blocks = 4
The filesystem on /dev/vg1/lv1 is now 409600 blocks long.

[root@localhost jiaofan]# 

4、VG扩容

1）创建PV：pvcreate /dev/sdf

[root@localhost jiaofan]# pvcreate /dev/sdf
Physical volume "/dev/sdf" successfully created.
[root@localhost jiaofan]# 

2）VG扩容，把PV加入VG中：vgextend vg1 /dev/sdf

[root@localhost jiaofan]# vgextend vg1 /dev/sdf
  Volume group "vg1" successfully extended
[root@localhost jiaofan]# vgs
  VG     #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize   VFree
  centos   1   2   0 wz--n- <19.00g    0 
  vg1      2   1   0 wz--n-   6.99g 6.60g
[root@localhost jiaofan]# 

5、命令总结

三、文件链接

1、对/home/jiaofan/jiaofan软连接:ln -s 目标文件 链接文件

[root@localhost home]# mkdir  /home/jiaofan/jiaofan/dir{1..2}
[root@localhost home]# ls /home/jiaofan/jiaofan
dir1  dir2
[root@localhost home]# ln -s /home/jiaofan/jiaofan  /home/jiao1/jiaofan
[root@localhost home]# ll /home/jiao1/jiaofan
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 21 3月  25 18:53 /home/jiao1/jiaofan -> /home/jiaofan/jiaofan
[root@localhost home]# ls /home/jiao1/jiaofan
dir1  dir2
[root@localhost home]# 

2、硬链接：ln 目标文件 链接文件
只能在同分区做
只能对文件做，不能文件夹做
3、软连接和硬链接的区别：
软连接只是记录了源文件的位置，当点击链接文件时，就根据链接文件转中记录的源文件位置去定位
硬链接：是两个指针同时指向了存储数据的位置。