Swift 集合的使用

//
//  CollectionOperator.swift
//  SwiftCode
//
//  Created by Alisa on 2020/8/24.
//  Copyright © 2020 Alisa. All rights reserved.
//

import UIKit

class CollectionOperator: NSObject {

    //合集的用法与基础概念
    func collectionWork() {
        /*
         合集将同一类型且重复的值无序的存储在一个集合当中。
         当元素的顺序不那么重要的时候，你就可以使用合集来代替数组，或者你需要确保元素不会重复的时候。
         
         Swift的Set类型桥接到了基础框架的NSSet类上
         
         注：为了能让类型存在合集当中，它必须是可哈希的——就是说类型必须提供计算它自身哈希值的方法
         哈希值是Int值且所有的对比起来相等的对象都相同，比如a == b，它遵循a.hashValue == b.hashValue.
         所有Swift的基础类型(比如String，Int，Double，和Bool)默认都是可哈希的，并且可以用于合集或者字典
         的键。
         自定义的类型可以通过遵循Swift基础库的Hashable协议，来变为可哈希的类型，遵循Hashable协议的类型
         必须提供可获取的叫做hashValue的Int属性
       */
       
        
        //通过初始化器语法来创建一个确定类型的空合集
        var letters = Set<Int>()
        letters.insert(12)
        print("letters is of type \(type(of: letters)) with \(letters.count) items")
        
        //使用数组字面量来初始化一个合集，算是一种写一个或者多个合集值的快捷方式
        var fruits : Set<String> = ["apple", "banana", "Grape", "Pear"]
        //也可以写的简短些，以为有类型推断
        var fruits1 : Set = ["apple", "banana", "Grape", "Pear", "plum", "Chestnut"]
        
        //判断是否为空
        print("I have \(fruits.count) fruits in my home.")
        //I have 4 fruits in my home.
        
        //检查集合是否为空
        let isEmpty = fruits.isEmpty
        print("isEmpty = \(isEmpty)")
        //isEmpty = false
        
        //添加新的元素
        fruits.insert("Peach")
        
        //是否包含某个元素
        print("Fruits is \(fruits.contains("apple")) contains apple.")
        //Fruits is true contains apple.
        
        //移除某个元素
        fruits.remove("apple")
        print("Fruits is \(fruits.contains("apple")) contains apple.")
        //Fruits is false contains apple.
    }
    
    //执行合集操作
    func executiveEnsembel() {
        
        let fruits1 : Set = ["apple", "banana", "Grape", "Pear", "Tomatoes"]
        let fruits2 : Set = ["apple", "banana", "Grape", "Pear", "plum", "Chestnut"]
        
        //交集
        let intersects = fruits1.intersection(fruits2)
        print("intersects = \(intersects)")
        // intersects = ["Pear", "Grape", "banana", "apple"]
        
        //两个集合的补集
//        let exclusiverOr = fruits1.exclusiveOr(fruits2)
        
        //并集
        let union = fruits1.union(fruits2)
        print("union = \(union)")
        //union = ["Tomatoes", "Pear", "banana", "Grape", "Chestnut", "plum", "apple"]
        
        //a集合中出去不包含b集合的部分
        let subtract = fruits1.subtracting(fruits2)
        print("subtract = \(subtract)")
        //subtract = ["Tomatoes"]
        
        let fruits3 : Set = ["apple", "banana", "Grape", "Pear"]
        let fruits4 : Set = ["apple", "banana", "Grape", "Pear", "plum", "Chestnut"]
        
        
        //是否是子集
        let isSubSet = fruits3.isSubset(of: fruits4)
        print("Fruits3 is subset fruits4? Answer is \(isSubSet)")
        //Fruits3 is subset fruits4? Answer is true
        
        //是否是父集
        let isSuperSet = fruits3.isSuperset(of: fruits4)
        print("Fruits3 is supset fruits4? Answer is \(isSuperSet)")
        //Fruits3 is supset fruits4? Answer is false
        
        //a合集是否为b合集的子集或者超集，但并不相等
        let fruits5 = fruits3.union(fruits4)
        let isStrictSubset = fruits3.isStrictSubset(of: fruits5)
        print("Fruits3 is fruits5 strictSubset? Answer is \(isStrictSubset)")
        //Fruits3 is fruits5 strictSubset? Answer is true
        
        //判断两个集合是否有完全不同的值
        let isDisjoint = fruits3.isDisjoint(with: fruits4)
        print("Fruits3 is different fruits4? Answer is \(isDisjoint)")
        // Fruits3 is different fruits4? Answer is false
    }
}