Android 包含了常用于嵌入式系统的SQLite,免去了开发者自己移植安装的功夫。SQLite 支持多数 SQL92 标准,很多常用的SQL命令都能在SQLite上面使用,除此之外Android还提供了一系列自定义的方法去简化对SQLite数据库的操作。不过有跨 平台需求的程序就建议使用标准的SQL语句,毕竟这样容易在多个平台之间移植。
本文主要讲解了SQLite的基本用法,如:创建数据库,使用SQL命令查询数据表、插入数据,关闭数据库,以及使用GridView实现了一个分页栏(关于GridView的用法 ),用于把数据分页显示。
分页栏的pagebuttons.xml的源码如下:
- <? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8" ?>
- < RelativeLayout xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- android:layout_height = "wrap_content" android:paddingBottom = "4dip"
- android:layout_width = "fill_parent" >
- < TextView android:layout_width = "wrap_content"
- android:layout_below = "@+id/ItemImage" android:layout_height = "wrap_content"
- android:text = "TextView01" android:layout_centerHorizontal = "true"
- android:id = "@+id/ItemText" >
- </ TextView >
- </ RelativeLayout >
main.xml的源码如下:
- <? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8" ?>
- < LinearLayout xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- android:orientation = "vertical" android:layout_width = "fill_parent"
- android:layout_height = "fill_parent" >
- < Button android:layout_height = "wrap_content"
- android:layout_width = "fill_parent" android:id = "@+id/btnCreateDB"
- android:text = "创建数据库" > </ Button >
- < Button android:layout_height = "wrap_content"
- android:layout_width = "fill_parent" android:text = "插入一串实验数据" android:id = "@+id/btnInsertRec" > </ Button >
- < Button android:layout_height = "wrap_content" android:id = "@+id/btnClose"
- android:text = "关闭数据库" android:layout_width = "fill_parent" > </ Button >
- < EditText android:text = "@+id/EditText01" android:id = "@+id/EditText01"
- android:layout_width = "fill_parent" android:layout_height = "256dip" > </ EditText >
- < GridView android:id = "@+id/gridview" android:layout_width = "fill_parent"
- android:layout_height = "32dip" android:numColumns = "auto_fit"
- android:columnWidth = "40dip" > </ GridView >
- </ LinearLayout >
本文程序源码如下:
- package com.testSQLite;
- import java.util.ArrayList;
- import java.util.HashMap;
- import android.app.Activity;
- import android.database.Cursor;
- import android.database.SQLException;
- import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
- import android.os.Bundle;
- import android.util.Log;
- import android.view.View;
- import android.widget.AdapterView;
- import android.widget.AdapterView.OnItemClickListener;
- import android.widget.Button;
- import android.widget.EditText;
- import android.widget.GridView;
- import android.widget.SimpleAdapter;
- public class testSQLite extends Activity {
- /** Called when the activity is first created. */
- Button btnCreateDB, btnInsert, btnClose;
- EditText edtSQL;//显示分页数据
- SQLiteDatabase db;
- int id; //添加记录时的id累加标记,必须全局
- static final int PageSize= 10 ; //分页时,每页的数据总数
- private static final String TABLE_NAME = "stu" ;
- private static final String ID = "id" ;
- private static final String NAME = "name" ;
- SimpleAdapter saPageID;// 分页栏适配器
- ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>> lstPageID;// 分页栏的数据源,与PageSize和数据总数相关
- @Override
- public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super .onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.main);
- btnCreateDB = (Button) this .findViewById(R.id.btnCreateDB);
- btnCreateDB.setOnClickListener(new ClickEvent());
- btnInsert = (Button) this .findViewById(R.id.btnInsertRec);
- btnInsert.setOnClickListener(new ClickEvent());
- btnClose = (Button) this .findViewById(R.id.btnClose);
- btnClose.setOnClickListener(new ClickEvent());
- edtSQL=(EditText)this .findViewById(R.id.EditText01);
- GridView gridview = (GridView) findViewById(R.id.gridview);//分页栏控件
- // 生成动态数组,并且转入数据
- lstPageID = new ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>>();
- // 生成适配器的ImageItem <====> 动态数组的元素,两者一一对应
- saPageID = new SimpleAdapter(testSQLite. this , // 没什么解释
- lstPageID,// 数据来源
- R.layout.pagebuttons,//XML实现
- new String[] { "ItemText" },
- new int [] { R.id.ItemText });
- // 添加并且显示
- gridview.setAdapter(saPageID);
- // 添加消息处理
- gridview.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener(){
- @Override
- public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> arg0, View arg1, int arg2,
- long arg3) {
- LoadPage(arg2);//根据所选分页读取对应的数据
- }
- });
- }
- class ClickEvent implements View.OnClickListener {
- @Override
- public void onClick(View v) {
- if (v == btnCreateDB) {
- CreateDB();
- } else if (v == btnInsert) {
- InsertRecord(16 ); //插入16条记录
- RefreshPage();
- }else if (v == btnClose) {
- db.close();
- }
- }
- }
- /*
- * 读取指定ID的分页数据
- * SQL:Select * From TABLE_NAME Limit 9 Offset 10;
- * 表示从TABLE_NAME表获取数据,跳过10行,取9行
- */
- void LoadPage( int pageID)
- {
- String sql= "select * from " + TABLE_NAME +
- " Limit " +String.valueOf(PageSize)+ " Offset " +String.valueOf(pageID*PageSize);
- Cursor rec = db.rawQuery(sql, null );
- setTitle("当前分页的数据总数:" +String.valueOf(rec.getCount()));
- // 取得字段名称
- String title = "" ;
- int colCount = rec.getColumnCount();
- for ( int i = 0 ; i < colCount; i++)
- title = title + rec.getColumnName(i) + " " ;
- // 列举出所有数据
- String content="" ;
- int recCount=rec.getCount();
- for ( int i = 0 ; i < recCount; i++) { //定位到一条数据
- rec.moveToPosition(i);
- for ( int ii= 0 ;ii<colCount;ii++) //定位到一条数据中的每个字段
- {
- content=content+rec.getString(ii)+" " ;
- }
- content=content+"\r\n" ;
- }
- edtSQL.setText(title+"\r\n" +content); //显示出来
- rec.close();
- }
- /*
- * 在内存创建数据库和数据表
- */
- void CreateDB() {
- // 在内存创建数据库
- db = SQLiteDatabase.create(null );
- Log.e("DB Path" , db.getPath());
- String amount = String.valueOf(databaseList().length);
- Log.e("DB amount" , amount);
- // 创建数据表
- String sql = "CREATE TABLE " + TABLE_NAME + " (" + ID
- + " text not null, " + NAME + " text not null " + ");" ;
- try {
- db.execSQL("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS " + TABLE_NAME);
- db.execSQL(sql);
- } catch (SQLException e) {}
- }
- /*
- * 插入N条数据
- */
- void InsertRecord( int n) {
- int total = id + n;
- for (; id < total; id++) {
- String sql = "insert into " + TABLE_NAME + " (" + ID + ", " + NAME
- + ") values('" + String.valueOf(id) + "', 'test');" ;
- try {
- db.execSQL(sql);
- } catch (SQLException e) {
- }
- }
- }
- /*
- * 插入之后刷新分页
- */
- void RefreshPage()
- {
- String sql = "select count(*) from " + TABLE_NAME;
- Cursor rec = db.rawQuery(sql, null );
- rec.moveToLast();
- long recSize=rec.getLong( 0 ); //取得总数
- rec.close();
- int pageNum=( int )(recSize/PageSize) + 1 ; //取得分页数
- lstPageID.clear();
- for ( int i = 0 ; i < pageNum; i++) {
- HashMap<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
- map.put("ItemText" , "No." + String.valueOf(i));
- lstPageID.add(map);
- }
- saPageID.notifyDataSetChanged();
- }
- }