Design Pattern(3)-State Pattern

学过编译原理应该知道有限状态机，状态模式就是适用于那种希望 一个对象在不同状态下呈现不一样的行为的一种design pattern。

我们以一个实例来诠释，有一个Door对象，Door对象有两个状态：OpenState，ClosedState，当我们提交一个请求的时候，它若在OpenState状态，希望它能执行关闭操作，它若在ClosedState状态，希望它能执行打开操作。

官方类图：

State：

public abstract class State {
    public abstract void handle(Door door);
}

OpenState：

public class OpenState extends State{
    @Override
    public void handle(Door door) {
        System.out.println("the door has closed");
        door.changeState(new ClosedState());
    }
}

ClosedState：

public class ClosedState extends State {
    @Override
    public void handle(Door door) {
        System.out.println("the door has opened");
        door.changeState(new OpenState());
    }
}

Door：

public class Door {
    State state;

    public Door(State state){
        this.state=state;
    }

    public void request() {
        state.handle(this);

    }

    protected void changeState(State state) {
        this.state=state;
    }
}

Client：

public class Client {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        Door door =new Door(new OpenState());
        door.request();
        door.request();
        door.request();
    }
}

输出为：
the door has closed
the door has opened
the door has closed