Python实验： tkinker 的实践

一、实验内容
1、登录界面
2、制作菜单栏
3、实现聊天窗口
4、访问本地一张照片并展示

二、实验过程

1、
import tkinter as tk
import tkinter.messagebox
import pickle

root = tkinter.Tk()
root.geometry('400x300')
root.title("武理工欢迎你！")

# 画布
canvas = tkinter.Canvas(root, width=400, height=300)
pic = tkinter.PhotoImage(file='C:\\Users\\admin\\Desktop\\a.gif')
image = canvas.create_image(0, 0, anchor='nw', image=pic)
canvas.pack(side='top')

# 登录界面，用户、密码
label1 = tkinter.Label(root, text='账号：')
label1.place(x=80, y=80)
label2 = tkinter.Label(root, text='密码：')
label2.place(x=80, y=120)

var_usr_name = tkinter.StringVar()
entry_usr_name = tkinter.Entry(root, textvariable=var_usr_name)
entry_usr_name.place(x=130, y=80)

var_usr_pwd = tkinter.StringVar()
entry_usr_pwd = tkinter.Entry(root, textvariable=var_usr_pwd, show='*')
entry_usr_pwd.place(x=130, y=120)


def usr_log_in():
    usr_name = var_usr_name.get()
    user_pwd = var_usr_pwd.get()
    # 从本地字典获取用户信息，如果没有则新建本地数据库
    try:
        with open('usr_info.pickle', 'rb') as usr_file:
            usrs_info = pickle.load(usr_file)
    except FileNotFoundError:
        with open('usr_info.pickle', 'wb') as usr_file:
            usrs_info = {'admin': 'admin'}
            pickle.dump(usrs_info, usr_file)
    if usr_name in usrs_info:
        if user_pwd in usrs_info[usr_name]:
            tkinter.messagebox.showinfo(title='welcome', message=usr_name + '欢迎登录')
        else:
            tkinter.messagebox.showerror(title='tip', message='密码错误,请重新输入！')
    elif usr_name == '' or user_pwd == '':
        tkinter.messagebox.showerror(title='tip', message='用户名或密码为空！')
    else:
        go_signup = tkinter.messagebox.askyesno('欢迎', '你还没注册，是否现在去注册？')
        if go_signup:
            usr_sign_up()


def usr_sign_up():
    # 确认注册时的相应函数
    def signtowcg():
        # 获取输入框内的内容
        nn = new_name.get()
        np = new_pwd.get()
        npf = new_pwd_confirm.get()

        # 本地加载已有用户信息,如果没有则已有用户信息为空
        try:
            with open('usr_info.pickle', 'rb') as usr_file:
                exist_usr_info = pickle.load(usr_file)
        except FileNotFoundError:
            exist_usr_info = {}

            # 检查用户名存在、密码为空、密码前后不一致
        if nn in exist_usr_info:
            tk.messagebox.showerror('错误', '用户名已存在')
        elif np == '' or nn == '':
            tk.messagebox.showerror('错误', '用户名或密码为空')
        elif np != npf:
            tk.messagebox.showerror('错误', '密码前后不一致')

        # 注册信息没有问题则将用户名密码写入数据库
        else:
            exist_usr_info[nn] = np
            with open('usr_info.pickle', 'wb') as usr_file:
                pickle.dump(exist_usr_info, usr_file)
            tk.messagebox.showinfo('欢迎', '注册成功')
            # 注册成功关闭注册框
            window_sign_up.destroy()

    # 新建注册界面
    window_sign_up = tk.Toplevel(root)
    window_sign_up.geometry('350x200')
    window_sign_up.title('注册')
    # 用户名变量及标签、输入框
    new_name = tk.StringVar()
    tk.Label(window_sign_up, text='用户名：').place(x=10, y=10)
    tk.Entry(window_sign_up, textvariable=new_name).place(x=150, y=10)

    # 密码变量及标签、输入框
    new_pwd = tk.StringVar()
    tk.Label(window_sign_up, text='请输入密码：').place(x=10, y=50)
    tk.Entry(window_sign_up, textvariable=new_pwd, show='*').place(x=150, y=50)

    # 重复密码变量及标签、输入框
    new_pwd_confirm = tk.StringVar()
    tk.Label(window_sign_up, text='请再次输入密码：').place(x=10, y=90)
    tk.Entry(window_sign_up, textvariable=new_pwd_confirm, show='*').place(x=150, y=90)

    # 确认注册按钮及位置
    bt_confirm_sign_up = tk.Button(window_sign_up, text='确认注册',
                                   command=signtowcg)
    bt_confirm_sign_up.place(x=150, y=130)


def usr_sign_quit():
    root.destroy()


# 按钮,登录、注册、退出
bt_login = tkinter.Button(root, text="登录", command=usr_log_in)
bt_login.place(x=80, y=220)
bt_sign_up = tkinter.Button(root, text="注册", command=usr_sign_up)
bt_sign_up.place(x=160, y=220)
bt_sign_quit = tkinter.Button(root, text="退出", command=usr_sign_quit)
bt_sign_quit.place(x=240, y=220)

root.mainloop()

2、
from tkinter import *

top = Tk()
top.wm_title("菜单")
top.geometry("400x300+800+200")

# 创建一个菜单项，类似于导航栏
menubar = Menu(top)

# 创建菜单项
fmenu1 = Menu(top)
for item in ['新建', '打开', '保存', '另存为']:
    # 如果该菜单时顶层菜单的一个菜单项，则它添加的是下拉菜单的菜单项。
    fmenu1.add_command(label=item)

fmenu2 = Menu(top)
for item in ['复制', '粘贴', '剪切']:
    fmenu2.add_command(label=item)

fmenu3 = Menu(top)
for item in ['默认视图', '新式视图']:
    fmenu3.add_command(label=item)

fmenu4 = Menu(top)
for item in ["版权信息", "其他说明"]:
    fmenu4.add_command(label=item)

# add_cascade 的一个很重要的属性就是 menu 属性，它指明了要把那个菜单级联到该菜单项上，
# 当然，还必不可少的就是 label 属性，用于指定该菜单项的名称
menubar.add_cascade(label="文件", menu=fmenu1)
menubar.add_cascade(label="编辑", menu=fmenu2)
menubar.add_cascade(label="视图", menu=fmenu3)
menubar.add_cascade(label="关于", menu=fmenu4)

# 最后可以用窗口的 menu 属性指定我们使用哪一个作为它的顶层菜单
top['menu'] = menubar
top.mainloop()

3、
import os
from PIL import Image
import tkinter
import tkinter.filedialog
import tkinter.messagebox


class Window():
    def __init__(self):
        self.root = root = tkinter.Tk()
        self.menu = tkinter.Menu(root)
        self.submenu = tkinter.Menu(self.menu, tearoff=0)
        self.submenu.add_command(label='作者:  王小五同學')
        root.config(menu=self.submenu)
        self.Image = tkinter.StringVar()
        self.Image.set('.bmp')
        self.mstatus = tkinter.IntVar()
        self.fstatus = tkinter.IntVar()
        self.mstatus.set(0)
        self.fstatus.set(0)
        self.status = tkinter.StringVar()
        self.label = tkinter.Label(root, text='输入百分比')
        self.label.place(x=5, y=5)
        self.entryNew = tkinter.Entry(root)
        self.entryNew.place(x=70, y=5)
        self.checkM = tkinter.Checkbutton(self.root, text='批量转换', command=self.OnCheckM, variable=self.mstatus,
                                          onvalue=1, offvalue=0)
        self.checkM.place(x=5, y=30)
        self.label = tkinter.Label(root, text='选择文件')
        self.label.place(x=5, y=55)
        self.entryFile = tkinter.Entry(root)
        self.entryFile.place(x=70, y=55)
        self.BrowserFileButton = tkinter.Button(root, text='浏览', command=self.BrowserFile)
        self.BrowserFileButton.place(x=220, y=55)
        self.label = tkinter.Label(root, text='选择目录')
        self.label.place(x=5, y=90)
        self.entryDir = tkinter.Entry(root, state=tkinter.DISABLED)
        self.entryDir.place(x=70, y=90)
        self.BrowserDirButton = tkinter.Button(root, text='浏览', command=self.BrowserDir, state=tkinter.DISABLED)
        self.BrowserDirButton.place(x=220, y=90)

        self.checkF = tkinter.Checkbutton(root, text='改变文件格式', onvalue=1, offvalue=0, variable=self.fstatus,
                                          command=self.OnCheckF)
        self.checkF.place(x=5, y=120)

        frame = tkinter.Frame(root, )
        frame.place(x=10, y=150)
        self.rBmp = tkinter.Radiobutton(frame, variable=self.Image, value='.bmp', text='BMP', state=tkinter.DISABLED)
        self.rBmp.pack(anchor='w')
        self.rJpg = tkinter.Radiobutton(frame, variable=self.Image, value='.jpg', text='JPG', state=tkinter.DISABLED)
        self.rJpg.pack(anchor='w')
        self.rPng = tkinter.Radiobutton(frame, variable=self.Image, value='.png', text='PNG', state=tkinter.DISABLED)
        self.rPng.pack(anchor='w')
        self.rGif = tkinter.Radiobutton(frame, variable=self.Image, value='.gif', text='GIF', state=tkinter.DISABLED)
        self.rGif.pack(anchor='w')
        self.ButtonCov = tkinter.Button(root, text='转换格式', command=self.Conv, )
        self.ButtonCov.place(x=120, y=180)
        self.statusLabel = tkinter.Label(root, textvariable=self.status, fg='red')
        self.statusLabel.place(x=80, y=220)

    def OnCheckM(self):
        if not self.mstatus.get():
            self.entryDir.config(state=tkinter.DISABLED)
            self.entryFile.config(state=tkinter.NORMAL)
            self.BrowserFileButton.config(state=tkinter.NORMAL)
            self.BrowserDirButton.config(state=tkinter.DISABLED)
        else:
            self.entryDir.config(state=tkinter.NORMAL)
            self.entryFile.config(state=tkinter.DISABLED)
            self.BrowserFileButton.config(state=tkinter.DISABLED)
            self.BrowserDirButton.config(state=tkinter.NORMAL)

    def OnCheckF(self):
        if not self.fstatus.get():
            self.rBmp.config(state=tkinter.DISABLED)
            self.rPng.config(state=tkinter.DISABLED)
            self.rJpg.config(state=tkinter.DISABLED)
            self.rGif.config(state=tkinter.DISABLED)
        else:
            self.rBmp.config(state=tkinter.NORMAL)
            self.rPng.config(state=tkinter.NORMAL)
            self.rJpg.config(state=tkinter.NORMAL)
            self.rGif.config(state=tkinter.NORMAL)

    def BrowserFile(self):
        file = tkinter.filedialog.askopenfilename(title='Python player',
                                                  filetypes=[('JPG', '*.jpg'), ('BMP', '*.bmp'), ('GIF', '*.gif'),
                                                             ('PNG', '*.png')])
        if file:
            self.entryFile.delete(0, tkinter.END)
            self.entryFile.insert(tkinter.END, file)

    def BrowserDir(self):
        directory = tkinter.filedialog.askdirectory(title='Python')
        if directory:
            self.entryDir.delete(0, tkinter.END)
            self.entryDir.insert(tkinter.END, directory)

    def make(self, file, format=None):
        im = Image.open(file)
        mode = im.mode
        if mode not in ('L', 'RGB'):
            im = im.convert('RGB')
        width, height = im.size
        s = self.entryNew.get()
        if s == '':
            tkinter.messagebox.showerror('出错啦', '请输入百分比')
            return
        else:
            n = int(s)
        nwidth = int(width * n / 100)
        nheight = int(height * n / 100)
        thumb = im.resize((nwidth, nheight), Image.ANTIALIAS)
        if format:
            thumb.save(file[:(len(file) - 4)] + '_thumb' + format)
        else:
            thumb.save(file[:(len(file) - 4)] + '_thumb' + file[-4:])

    def Conv(self):
        n = 0
        if self.mstatus.get():
            path = self.entryDir.get()
            if path == "":
                tkinter.messagebox.showerror('出错啦', '请选择路径')
                return
            filenames = os.listdir(path)
            if self.fstatus.get():
                f = self.Image.get()
                print(f)
                for filename in filenames:
                    if filename[-3:] in ('bmp', 'jpg', 'gif', 'png'):
                        self.make(path + '/' + filename, f)
                        n += 1
            else:
                for filename in filenames:
                    if filename[-3:] in ('bmp', 'jpg', 'gif', 'png'):
                        self.make(path + '/' + filename)
                        n += 1
        else:
            file = self.entryFile.get()
            if file == '':
                tkinter.messagebox.showerror('出错啦', '请选择文件')
                return
            if self.fstatus.get():
                f = self.Image.get()
                self.make(file, f)
                n += 1
            else:
                self.make(file)
                n += 1
        self.status.set('成功转换 %d 张图片' % n)

    def mainloop(self):
        self.root.minsize(280, 270)
        self.root.maxsize(280, 250)
        self.root.title('图片转换')
        self.root.mainloop()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    window = Window()
    window.mainloop()

4、
import tkinter
from tkinter import *
import time

root = Tk()
root.title("ergou")


# root.geometry("650x750")

# 定义函数
def msgsend():
    msg = '我' + time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', time.localtime()) + '\n'
    msg_list.insert(END, msg, 'green')  # 添加时间
    msg_list.insert(END, sen_msg.get('0.0', END))  # 获取发送消息，添加文本到消息列表
    sen_msg.delete('0.0', END)  # 清空发送消息


'''定义取消发送 消息 函数'''


def cancel():
    msg_list.delete('0.0', END)  # 取消发送消息，即清空发送消息


# 定义大框架
f_msg = tkinter.Frame(width=300, height=300)
msg_sen = tkinter.Frame(width=300, height=300)
f_bottom = tkinter.Frame(width=300, height=100)
f_img = tkinter.Frame(width=100, height=700)

# 给框架里添加标签
msg_list = tkinter.Text(f_msg)
msg_list.tag_config('green', foreground='blue')

sen_msg = tkinter.Text(msg_sen)
bt_send = tkinter.Button(f_bottom, text='send', command=msgsend)
bt_cancel = tkinter.Button(f_bottom, text='cancel', command=cancel)

pic = PhotoImage(file=r'C:\\Users\\admin\\Desktop\\a.gif')
img = tkinter.Label(f_img, image=pic)
# img.image = pic
pic2 = PhotoImage(file=r'C:\\Users\\admin\\Desktop\\a.gif')
img2 = tkinter.Label(f_img, image=pic2)

msg_list.grid()
sen_msg.grid()
bt_send.grid(row=0, column=0)
bt_cancel.grid(row=0, column=1)
img.grid()
img2.grid(ipady=8)

5、
import tkinter
import tkinter.filedialog
top = tkinter.Tk()
top.title = 'new'
top.geometry('640x480')
 
def choose_fiel():
    selectFileName = tkinter.filedialog.askopenfilename(title='选择文件')  # 选择文件
    e.set(selectFileName)
 
e = tkinter.StringVar()
e_entry = tkinter.Entry(top, width=68, textvariable=e)
e_entry.pack()
 
submit_button = tkinter.Button(top, text ="选择文件", command = choose_fiel)
submit_button.pack()
 
from PIL import Image, ImageTk
def showImg(img1):
    load = Image.open(img1)
    render = ImageTk.PhotoImage(load)
 
    img = tkinter.Label(image=render)
    img.image = render
    img.pack()
 
submit_button = tkinter.Button(top, text ="显示图片", command = lambda :showImg(showImg(e_entry.get())))
submit_button.pack()
top.mainloop()

三、实验结果
1、




2、

3、

4、