拿R来画画（七）：全面掌握折线图

一条折线

library(gcookbook)
library(ggplot2)
ggplot(BOD, aes(x = Time, y = demand)) + 
geom_line()

如果改成因子型变量，由于Time不包括6，X轴上也不会出现6，从5直接蹦到7。

ggplot(BOD, aes(x = factor(Time), y = demand, group = 1)) + 
geom_line()

控制Y轴从0开始

ggplot(BOD, aes(x = Time, y = demand)) + 
geom_line() + 
ylim(0, max(BOD$demand))

设置不同的线性

ggplot(BOD, aes(x = Time, y = demand)) + 
geom_line(linetype = 'dashed', size = 1, colour = 'blue')

点线图

ggplot(BOD, aes(x = factor(Time), y = demand, group = 1)) + 
geom_line() + 
geom_point()

多条折线

library(plyr)
# 取由不同的supp和dose构成的每一组数据对应的len的平均值
tg <- ddply(ToothGrowth, c('supp', 'dose'), summarise, length = mean(len))

# 将颜色映射给supp
ggplot(tg, aes(x = dose, y = length, colour = supp)) + 
geom_line()

# 将线型映射给supp
ggplot(tg, aes(x = dose, y = length, linetype = supp)) + 
geom_line()

大约有如下类型

# 将形状映射给supp
ggplot(tg, aes(x = dose, y = length, shape = supp)) + 
geom_line() + 
geom_point()

# 将填充色映射给supp7
ggplot(tg, aes(x = dose, y = length, fill = supp)) + 
geom_line() + 
# colour指的是边框颜色，默认是黑色
geom_point(size = 4, shape = 21, colour = 'white')

当shape取NA时，不显示点；当shape取单独一个字母时，显示为那个字母；当shape取.时，显示一个不随size增大的小点；其他情况下shape的取值在0到25，分别对应不同形状。

# 将数据标记点错开
# 将填充色映射给supp7
ggplot(tg, aes(x = dose, y = length, fill = supp)) + 
geom_line(position = position_dodge(0.1)) + 
geom_point(size = 4, shape = 21, position = position_dodge(0.1), colour = 'white') + 
# 手动设置颜色
scale_fill_manual(values = c('orange', 'lightgreen'))

带置信域的折线

# 提取伯克利温度的移动平均及其95%置信区间
clim <- subset(climate, Source == "Berkeley", select = c("Year", "Anomaly10y", "Unc10y"))
head(clim)

A data.frame: 6 × 3

Year	Anomaly10y	Unc10y
<dbl>	<dbl>	<dbl>
1800	-0.435	0.505
1801	-0.453	0.493
1802	-0.460	0.486
1803	-0.493	0.489
1804	-0.536	0.483
1805	-0.541	0.475

• 阴影式置信域

ggplot(clim, aes(x = Year, y = Anomaly10y)) + 
# 指定置信域上下界及使用阴影的透明度，alpha越小越透明
geom_ribbon(aes(ymin = Anomaly10y-Unc10y,ymax = Anomaly10y+Unc10y), alpha = 0.2) + 
geom_line()

• 虚线式置信域

ggplot(clim, aes(x = Year, y = Anomaly10y)) + 
geom_line(aes(y = Anomaly10y-Unc10y), colour = 'grey10', linetype = "dotted") + 
geom_line(aes(y = Anomaly10y+Unc10y), colour = 'grey10', linetype = "dotted") + 
geom_line()