这篇文章重点讲讲CoreData的Fetched Results Controller。
对应的objc类为NSFetchedResultsController。这个类是用来管理CoreData Fetch request返回的对象的。
在创建这个控制器之前，必须先创建fetch request。 fetch request描述了详细的查询规则，还可以添加查询结果的排序描述（sort descriptor）。fetchResultsController根据已经创建完的fetch request来创建， 它是NSFetchedResultsController的实例，这个实例的主要任务就是使用fetch request来保证它所关联的数据的新鲜性。创建了fetchResultsController实例后要做一下初始化，一般初始化是向这个控制器发送PerformFetch消息，下面是这一过程的代码。
- (NSFetchedResultsController *)fetchedResultsController { if (fetchedResultsController != nil) { return fetchedResultsController; } /* Set up the fetched results controller. */ // Create the fetch request for the entity. NSFetchRequest *fetchRequest = [[NSFetchRequest alloc] init]; // Edit the entity name as appropriate. NSEntityDescription *entity = [NSEntityDescription entityForName:@"Event" inManagedObjectContext:managedObjectContext]; [fetchRequest setEntity:entity]; // Set the batch size to a suitable number. [fetchRequest setFetchBatchSize:20]; // Edit the sort key as appropriate. NSSortDescriptor *sortDescriptor = [[NSSortDescriptor alloc] initWithKey:@"timeStamp" ascending:NO]; NSArray *sortDescriptors = [[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects:sortDescriptor,nil]; [fetchRequest setSortDescriptors:sortDescriptors]; // Edit the section name key path and cache name if appropriate. // nil for section name key path means "no sections". NSFetchedResultsController *aFetchedResultsController = [[NSFetchedResultsController alloc] initWithFetchRequest:fetchRequest managedObjectContext:managedObjectContext sectionNameKeyPath:nil cacheName:@"Root"]; aFetchedResultsController.delegate = self; self.fetchedResultsController = aFetchedResultsController; [aFetchedResultsController release]; [fetchRequest release]; [sortDescriptor release]; [sortDescriptors release]; return fetchedResultsController; }
`这个函数用来创建FetchedResultsController，过程还是比较简单的，下面是初始化这个控制器代码。
NSError *error = nil; if(![[self fetchedResultsController]performFetch: &error]){ //handle the error appropriately NSLog(@"Unresolved error %@, %@", error, [error userInfo]); exit(-1); }
这段代码一般会放在viewDidLoad函数中，初始化之后，fetchedResultsController就与数据相连接了，之后要取数据都能直接从这个控制器提供的方法中去取。
实现这个控制器，最关键的还要实现Fetched Results Controller Delegate Methods。控制器与数据源连接后，控制器监视器会时刻监视着数据源，当数据源发生
改变后，监视器会调用对应的协议方法，改协议总共要实现四个方法，分别为：
- (void)controllerWillChangeContent:(NSFetchedResultsController *)controller； - (void)controllerDidChangeContent:(NSFetchedResultsController *)controller； - (void)controller:(NSFetchedResultsController *)controller didChangeObject:(id)anObject atIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath forChangeType:(NSFetchedResultsChangeType)type newIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)newIndexPath； - (void)controller:(NSFetchedResultsController *)controller didChangeSection:(id <NSFetchedResultsSectionInfo>)sectionInfo atIndex:(NSUInteger)sectionIndex forChangeType:(NSFetchedResultsChangeType)type；
下面依次来解释这四个协议方法。
1. - (void)controllerWillChangeContent:(NSFetchedResultsController *)controller
当控制器监控的数据发生改变时，如对象被删除，有插入，更新等，监视器会在数据发生改变前意识到这个情况，此时就会调用这个函数。往往我们用列表的形式
表现数据，此时意味着屏幕上的数据即将过时，因为数据马上要改变了，这是这个协议方法的工作就是通知列表数据马上要更新的消息，往往代码是这样实现的。- (void)controllerWillChangeContent:(NSFetchedResultsController *)controller { [self.tableView beginUpdates]; }
2. - (void)controllerDidChangeContent:(NSFetchedResultsController *)controller
当fetchedResultsController完成对数据的改变时，监视器会调用这个协议方法。在上面提到的情况，这个方法要通知列表数据已经完成，可以更新显示的数据这个
消息，因此通常的实现是这样的。 - (void)controllerDidChangeContent:(NSFetchedResultsController *)controller {
[self.tableView endUpdates];
} 3. - (void)controller:(NSFetchedResultsController *)controller
didChangeObject:(id)anObject
atIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath
forChangeType:(NSFetchedResultsChangeType)type
newIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)newIndexPath
当fetchedResultsController发现指定的对象有改变时，监视器会调用这个协议方法。这里改变的类型从列表中体现有 更新、插入、删除或者行的移动。因此这个
方法要实现所有的这些方法，以应对任何一种改变。下面是这个方法的标准实现。
- (void)controller:(NSFetchedResultsController *)controller
didChangeObject:(id)anObject
atIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath
forChangeType:(NSFetchedResultsChangeType)type
newIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)newIndexPath {
switch(type) {
case NSFetchedResultsChangeInsert:
[self.tableView insertRowsAtIndexPaths:[NSArray arrayWithObject:newIndexPath]
withRowAnimation:UITableViewRowAnimationFade];
break;
case NSFetchedResultsChangeDelete:
[self.tableView deleteRowsAtIndexPaths:[NSArray arrayWithObject:indexPath]
withRowAnimation:UITableViewRowAnimationFade];
break;
case NSFetchedResultsChangeUpdate: {
NSString *sectionKeyPath = [controller sectionNameKeyPath];
if (sectionKeyPath == nil)
break;
NSManagedObject *changedObject = [controller objectAtIndexPath:indexPath];
NSArray *keyParts = [sectionKeyPath componentsSeparatedByString:@"."];
id currentKeyValue = [changedObject valueForKeyPath:sectionKeyPath];
for (int i = 0; i < [keyParts count] - 1; i++) {
NSString *onePart = [keyParts objectAtIndex:i];
changedObject = [changedObject valueForKey:onePart];
}
sectionKeyPath = [keyParts lastObject];
NSDictionary *committedValues = [changedObject committedValuesForKeys:nil];
if ([[committedValues valueForKeyPath:sectionKeyPath]isEqual:currentKeyValue])
break;
NSUInteger tableSectionCount = [self.tableView numberOfSections];
NSUInteger frcSectionCount = [[controller sections] count];
if (tableSectionCount != frcSectionCount) {
// Need to insert a section
NSArray *sections = controller.sections;
NSInteger newSectionLocation = -1;
for (id oneSection in sections) {
NSString *sectionName = [oneSection name];
if ([currentKeyValue isEqual:sectionName]) {
newSectionLocation = [sections indexOfObject:oneSection];
break;
}
}
if (newSectionLocation == -1)
return; // uh oh
if (!((newSectionLocation == 0) && (tableSectionCount == 1)
&& ([self.tableView numberOfRowsInSection:0] == 0)))
[self.tableView insertSections:[NSIndexSet indexSetWithIndex:newSectionLocation]
withRowAnimation:UITableViewRowAnimationFade];
NSUInteger indices[2] = {newSectionLocation, 0};
newIndexPath = [[[NSIndexPath alloc] initWithIndexes:indiceslength:2] autorelease];
}
}
case NSFetchedResultsChangeMove
if (newIndexPath != nil) {
[self.tableView deleteRowsAtIndexPaths:[NSArray arrayWithObject:indexPath]
withRowAnimation:UITableViewRowAnimationFade];
[self.tableView insertRowsAtIndexPaths: [NSArray arrayWithObject:newIndexPath]
withRowAnimation: UITableViewRowAnimationRight];
}
else {
[self.tableView reloadSections:[NSIndexSet
indexSetWithIndex:[indexPath section]]withRowAnimation:UITableViewRowAnimationFade];
}
break;
default:
break;
}
}
4. - (void)controller:(NSFetchedResultsController *)controller
didChangeSection:(id <NSFetchedResultsSectionInfo>)sectionInfo
atIndex:(NSUInteger)sectionIndex
forChangeType:(NSFetchedResultsChangeType)type
当改变控制器管理的对象后引起了列表section的变化，此时监视器就会调用这个协议函数。
下面是标准实现。 - (void)controller:(NSFetchedResultsController *)controller
didChangeSection:(id <NSFetchedResultsSectionInfo>)sectionInfo
atIndex:(NSUInteger)sectionIndex
forChangeType:(NSFetchedResultsChangeType)type {
switch(type) {
case NSFetchedResultsChangeInsert:
if (!((sectionIndex == 0) && ([self.tableView numberOfSections] == 1)
&& ([self.tableView numberOfRowsInSection:0] == 0)))
[self.tableView insertSections:[NSIndexSet indexSetWithIndex:sectionIndex]
withRowAnimation:UITableViewRowAnimationFade];
break;
case NSFetchedResultsChangeDelete:
if (!((sectionIndex == 0) && ([self.tableView numberOfSections] == 1)
&& ([self.tableView numberOfRowsInSection:0] == 0)))
[self.tableView deleteSections:[NSIndexSet indexSetWithIndex:sectionIndex]
withRowAnimation:UITableViewRowAnimationFade];
break;
case NSFetchedResultsChangeMove:
case NSFetchedResultsChangeUpdate:
default:
break;
}
} 
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