关于继承和多态的一个简单例子

package com;

class Super {
 public void opration(Super s) {
  System.out.println("Super operation!");
 }
};

class SuperA extends Super {
 public void opration(SuperA a) {
  System.out.println("SuperA operation A!");
 }

 public void opration(SuperB b) {
  System.out.println("SuperA operation B!");
 }

 public void opration(Super s) {
  if (s instanceof SuperB)
   System.out.println("S is a instance of Class SuperB!");
  if (s instanceof SuperA)
   System.out.println("S is a instance of Class SuperA!");
  if (s instanceof Super)
   System.out.println("S is a instance of Class Super!");
  System.out.println("SuperA operation S!");
  System.out.println();
 }
};

class SuperB extends Super {
 public void opration(SuperA a) {
  System.out.println("SuperB operation A!");
 }

 public void opration(SuperB b) {
  System.out.println("SuperB operation B!");
 }

 public void opration(Super s) {
  if (s instanceof SuperB)
   System.out.println("S is a instance of Class SuperB!");
  if (s instanceof SuperA)
   System.out.println("S is a instance of Class SuperA!");
  if (s instanceof Super)
   System.out.println("S is a instance of Class Super!");
  System.out.println("SuperB operation S!");
  System.out.println();
 }
};

public class Test {
 private static Super a;

 private static SuperB b;

 public static void main(String[] args) {
  b = new SuperB();
  a = new SuperA();
  System.out.println("Class name of variable a is " + a.getClass().getName());
  System.out.println("Class name of variable b is " + b.getClass().getName());
  System.out.println();
  a.opration(b);
  a.opration(a);
  b.opration(a);
  b.opration(b);
 }
}

 

结果为：

Class name of variable a is com.SuperA
Class name of variable b is com.SuperB

S is a instance of Class SuperB!
S is a instance of Class Super!
SuperA operation S!

S is a instance of Class SuperA!
S is a instance of Class Super!
SuperA operation S!

S is a instance of Class SuperA!
S is a instance of Class Super!
SuperB operation S!

SuperB operation B!

 

a是Super类型的引用，指向SuperA类型的对象！

  所以a只能调用类Super中存在的方法，

  如果方法被子类SuperA覆盖了，则调用子类SuperA中覆盖了的方法，

  对于子类中的新方法，a无权调用。

b是SuperB类型的引用，指向SuperB类型的对象！

  所以b可以调用类SuperB中所有的方法。