Linux下OpenCV打开USB接口的UVC摄像头的方法以及索引号为什么要是202的原因

一般来说，USB的UVC摄像头在LINUX平台下通过V4L驱动来使用。OpenCV打开USB的UVC摄像头一般也通过V4L驱动来打开。打开方法网上都有，一般就是通过VideoCapture的open（int index）函数来打开，其中index设为202。如下：

VideoCapture cap;
Mat frame;
if(!cap.open(202))
    cout<<"camera error!"<<endl;
while(1)
{
    cap>>frame;
//do what you want here
//put your code here
}

注意这个打开的索引号，只有设置为202才能打开UVC摄像头，设置成其他的往往都无法开UVC摄像头，和windows平台不一样。那么，为什么UVC摄像头的索引需要设为202呢？我们可以看下Opencv的源码，就可以明白。

CV_IMPL CvCapture * cvCreateCameraCapture (int index)
{
    // interpret preferred interface (0 = autodetect)
    int pref = (index / 100) * 100;

    // remove pref from index
    index -= pref;

    // local variable to memorize the captured device
    CvCapture *capture = 0;

    switch (pref)
    {
    default:
        // user specified an API we do not know
        // bail out to let the user know that it is not available
        if (pref) break;

#ifdef HAVE_MSMF
    case CV_CAP_MSMF:
        if (!capture)
            capture = cvCreateCameraCapture_MSMF(index);
        if (pref) break;
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_TYZX
    case CV_CAP_STEREO:
        if (!capture)
            capture = cvCreateCameraCapture_TYZX(index);
        if (pref) break;
#endif
    case CV_CAP_VFW:
#ifdef HAVE_VFW
        if (!capture)
            capture = cvCreateCameraCapture_VFW(index);
#endif
#if defined HAVE_LIBV4L || defined HAVE_CAMV4L || defined HAVE_CAMV4L2 || defined HAVE_VIDEOIO
        if (!capture)
            capture = cvCreateCameraCapture_V4L(index);
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_GSTREAMER
        if (!capture)
            capture = cvCreateCapture_GStreamer(CV_CAP_GSTREAMER_V4L2,
                                                reinterpret_cast<char *>(index));

        if (!capture)
            capture = cvCreateCapture_GStreamer(CV_CAP_GSTREAMER_V4L,
                                                reinterpret_cast<char *>(index));
#endif
        if (pref) break; // CV_CAP_VFW

    case CV_CAP_FIREWIRE:
#ifdef HAVE_DC1394_2
        if (!capture)
            capture = cvCreateCameraCapture_DC1394_2(index);
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_DC1394
        if (!capture)
            capture = cvCreateCameraCapture_DC1394(index);
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_CMU1394
        if (!capture)
            capture = cvCreateCameraCapture_CMU(index);
#endif

#if defined(HAVE_GSTREAMER) && 0
        // Re-enable again when gstreamer 1394 support will land in the backend code
        if (!capture)
            capture = cvCreateCapture_GStreamer(CV_CAP_GSTREAMER_1394, 0);
#endif
        if (pref) break; // CV_CAP_FIREWIRE

#ifdef HAVE_MIL
    case CV_CAP_MIL:
        if (!capture)
            capture = cvCreateCameraCapture_MIL(index);
        if (pref) break;
#endif

#if defined(HAVE_QUICKTIME) || defined(HAVE_QTKIT)
    case CV_CAP_QT:
        if (!capture)
            capture = cvCreateCameraCapture_QT(index);
        if (pref) break;
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_UNICAP
    case CV_CAP_UNICAP:
        if (!capture)
            capture = cvCreateCameraCapture_Unicap(index);
        if (pref) break;
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_PVAPI
    case CV_CAP_PVAPI:
        if (!capture)
            capture = cvCreateCameraCapture_PvAPI(index);
        if (pref) break;
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_OPENNI
    case CV_CAP_OPENNI:
        if (!capture)
            capture = cvCreateCameraCapture_OpenNI(index);
        if (pref) break;
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_OPENNI2
    case CV_CAP_OPENNI2:
        if (!capture)
            capture = cvCreateCameraCapture_OpenNI2(index);
        if (pref) break;
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_XIMEA
    case CV_CAP_XIAPI:
        if (!capture)
            capture = cvCreateCameraCapture_XIMEA(index);
        if (pref) break;
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_AVFOUNDATION
    case CV_CAP_AVFOUNDATION:
        if (!capture)
            capture = cvCreateCameraCapture_AVFoundation(index);
        if (pref) break;
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_GIGE_API
    case CV_CAP_GIGANETIX:
        if (!capture)
            capture = cvCreateCameraCapture_Giganetix(index);
        if (pref) break; // CV_CAP_GIGANETIX
#endif
    }

    return capture;
}

上面是OPENCV的打开摄像头的中间一层的源码。注意其中开头的代码

int pref = (index / 100) * 100;

    // remove pref from index
    index -= pref;

可见，pref是索引号中百的倍数，index变为了原index的个位数。而此函数根据pref来选择底层驱动打开摄像头索引号，个位数是最终的摄像头索引号。

然后我们再看

enum
{
    CV_CAP_ANY      =0,     // autodetect

    CV_CAP_MIL      =100,   // MIL proprietary drivers

    CV_CAP_VFW      =200,   // platform native
    CV_CAP_V4L      =200,
    CV_CAP_V4L2     =200,

    CV_CAP_FIREWARE =300,   // IEEE 1394 drivers
    CV_CAP_FIREWIRE =300,
    CV_CAP_IEEE1394 =300,
    CV_CAP_DC1394   =300,
    CV_CAP_CMU1394  =300,

    CV_CAP_STEREO   =400,   // TYZX proprietary drivers
    CV_CAP_TYZX     =400,
    CV_TYZX_LEFT    =400,
    CV_TYZX_RIGHT   =401,
    CV_TYZX_COLOR   =402,
    CV_TYZX_Z       =403,

    CV_CAP_QT       =500,   // QuickTime

    CV_CAP_UNICAP   =600,   // Unicap drivers

    CV_CAP_DSHOW    =700,   // DirectShow (via videoInput)
    CV_CAP_MSMF     =1400,  // Microsoft Media Foundation (via videoInput)

    CV_CAP_PVAPI    =800,   // PvAPI, Prosilica GigE SDK

    CV_CAP_OPENNI   =900,   // OpenNI (for Kinect)
    CV_CAP_OPENNI_ASUS =910,   // OpenNI (for Asus Xtion)

    CV_CAP_ANDROID  =1000,  // Android - not used
    CV_CAP_ANDROID_BACK =CV_CAP_ANDROID+99, // Android back camera - not used
    CV_CAP_ANDROID_FRONT =CV_CAP_ANDROID+98, // Android front camera - not used

    CV_CAP_XIAPI    =1100,   // XIMEA Camera API

    CV_CAP_AVFOUNDATION = 1200,  // AVFoundation framework for iOS (OS X Lion will have the same API)

    CV_CAP_GIGANETIX = 1300,  // Smartek Giganetix GigEVisionSDK

    CV_CAP_INTELPERC = 1500, // Intel Perceptual Computing

    CV_CAP_OPENNI2 = 1600,   // OpenNI2 (for Kinect)
    CV_CAP_GPHOTO2 = 1700,
    CV_CAP_GSTREAMER = 1800, // GStreamer
    CV_CAP_FFMPEG = 1900,    // FFMPEG
    CV_CAP_IMAGES = 2000     // OpenCV Image Sequence (e.g. img_%02d.jpg)
};

CV_CAP_VFW,CV_CAP_V4L,CV_CAP_V4L2都是200。所以，看到下面部分，只有当输入的索引号为200~299时，opencv才会用V4L相关的驱动去打开摄像头。

而在LINUX平台上，USB摄像头的节点一般为/dev/video2。因此索引号一般为2。因此，最终输入OPENCV的索引号应当为202，OpenCV才能正确的打开USB的UVC摄像头。