c#中流操作之一：Stream对象

(一）流的概述

流代表源与目标之间传输的一定的数据量。无论是文件、网络还是打印机等设备，流都要提供一种通用的方式与数据进行交互。流不仅可以访问文件，还可以访问网络、内存地址等。

可以看到，FileStream和MemoryStream都是直接继承于Stream抽象类。流继承于 System.IO.Stream抽象类，Stream的常用成员包括：

CanRead/CanWrite/CanSeek

Close()

Flush()

FlushAsync()

Length

Position

CopyTo(Stream)

CopyTo(Stream,Int32)

CopyToAsync(Stream,Int32)

CopyToAsync(Stream,Int32,CancellationToken)

Read(byte[],int,int)

ReadAsync(byte[],int,int,CancellationToken)

ReadAsync(byte[],int,int)

ReadByte()

Synchronized(Stream)在指定的Stream对象周围创建线程安全（同步）包装

Seek(Int64,SeekOrigin)

SetLength(Int64)

Write(byte[],int,int)

WriteAsync(byte[],int,int)

WriteAsync(Byte[],int,int,CancellationToken)

WriteByte(Byte)

（二）常用的流实现类

2.1 FileStream

System.IO.FileStream直接从Stream派生而来。可以使用File.Create(fileFullPath),File.OpenRead(path),File.Open(path,FileMode)，

File.OpenWrite(string path[,System.IO.FileMode mode]),File.OpenWrite(path)等方法来获得FileStream对象。

官方文档中的例子：

   using (FileStream fs = File.Create(path))
        {
            AddText(fs, "This is some text");
            AddText(fs, "This is some more text,");
            AddText(fs, "\r\nand this is on a new line");
            AddText(fs, "\r\n\r\nThe following is a subset of characters:\r\n");

            for (int i=1;i < 120;i++)
            {
                AddText(fs, Convert.ToChar(i).ToString());
            }
        }
        using (FileStream fs = File.OpenRead(path))
        {
            byte[] b = new byte[1024];
            UTF8Encoding temp = new UTF8Encoding(true);
            while (fs.Read(b,0,b.Length) > 0)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(temp.GetString(b));
            }
        }
    private static void AddText(FileStream fs, string value)
    {
        byte[] info = new UTF8Encoding(true).GetBytes(value);
        fs.Write(info, 0, info.Length);
    }

   private async void Button_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            UnicodeEncoding uniencoding = new UnicodeEncoding();
            string filename = @"c:\Users\exampleuser\Documents\userinputlog.txt";

            byte[] result = uniencoding.GetBytes(UserInput.Text);

            using (FileStream SourceStream = File.Open(filename, FileMode.OpenOrCreate))
            {
                SourceStream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.End);
                //using中调用异步方法，使用await挂起调用线程指导任务完成
                await SourceStream.WriteAsync(result, 0, result.Length);
            }
        }

2.2 MemoryStream

继承关系Object->MarshalByRefObject->Stream->MemoryStream

构造方法如下：即可以通过给定初始字节数组或初始容量来构造MemoryStream实例。

 

官方给出的使用案例如下：

  static void Main()
    {
        int count;
        byte[] byteArray;
        char[] charArray;
        UnicodeEncoding uniEncoding = new UnicodeEncoding();

        // Create the data to write to the stream.
        byte[] firstString = uniEncoding.GetBytes(
            "Invalid file path characters are: ");
        byte[] secondString = uniEncoding.GetBytes(
            Path.GetInvalidPathChars());

        using(MemoryStream memStream = new MemoryStream(100))
        {
            // Write the first string to the stream.
            memStream.Write(firstString, 0 , firstString.Length);

            // Write the second string to the stream, byte by byte.
            count = 0;
            while(count < secondString.Length)
            {
                memStream.WriteByte(secondString[count++]);
            }

            // Write the stream properties to the console.
            Console.WriteLine(
                "Capacity = {0}, Length = {1}, Position = {2}\n",
                memStream.Capacity.ToString(),
                memStream.Length.ToString(),
                memStream.Position.ToString());

            // Set the position to the beginning of the stream.
            memStream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);

            // Read the first 20 bytes from the stream.
            byteArray = new byte[memStream.Length];
            count = memStream.Read(byteArray, 0, 20);

            // Read the remaining bytes, byte by byte.
            while(count < memStream.Length)
            {
                byteArray[count++] =
                    Convert.ToByte(memStream.ReadByte());
            }

            // Decode the byte array into a char array
            // and write it to the console.
            charArray = new char[uniEncoding.GetCharCount(
                byteArray, 0, count)];
            uniEncoding.GetDecoder().GetChars(
                byteArray, 0, count, charArray, 0);
            Console.WriteLine(charArray);
        }
    }

2.3 NetworkStream

官方文档中的例子

// Examples for constructors that do not specify file permission.

// Create the NetworkStream for communicating with the remote host.
NetworkStream myNetworkStream;

if (networkStreamOwnsSocket){
     myNetworkStream = new NetworkStream(mySocket, true);
}
else{
     myNetworkStream = new NetworkStream(mySocket);
}