C++ Primer （第五版）-第八章 IO库

读书笔记，以读书为目标，为了减少记笔记时间，重要内容已截图为主。

一、概述

二、内容

8.1、IO类

IO对象无拷贝和赋值

查询流的状态

#include <iostream>
using std::cin; using std::cout; using std::endl;

#include <sstream>
using std::istringstream; 

#include <string>
using std::string;

void read()
{
	// turns on both fail and bad bits
	cin.setstate(cin.badbit | cin.eofbit | cin.failbit);
}

void off()
{
	// turns off failbit and badbit but all other bits unchanged
	cin.clear(cin.rdstate() & ~cin.failbit & ~cin.badbit);
} 


int main()
{
	cout << "before read" << endl;
	if (cin.good()) cout << "cin's good" << endl;
	if (cin.bad()) cout << "cin's bad" << endl;
	if (cin.fail()) cout << "cin's fail" << endl;
	if (cin.eof()) cout << "cin's eof" << endl;
	
	read();
	cout << "after read" << endl;
	if (cin.good()) cout << "cin's good" << endl;
	if (cin.bad()) cout << "cin's bad" << endl;
	if (cin.fail()) cout << "cin's fail" << endl;
	if (cin.eof()) cout << "cin's eof" << endl;
	
	off();
	cout << "after off" << endl;
	if (cin.good()) cout << "cin's good" << endl;
	if (cin.bad()) cout << "cin's bad" << endl;
	if (cin.fail()) cout << "cin's fail" << endl;
	if (cin.eof()) cout << "cin's eof" << endl;
	return 0;
}

管理条件状态

#include <iostream>
using std::endl; using std::flush; using std::ends;
using std::unitbuf; using std::nounitbuf; using std::cout;

int main()
{
	// writes hi and a newline, then flushes the buffer
    cout << "hi!" << endl;  

	// writes hi, then flushes the buffer; adds no data
    cout << "hi!" << flush; 

	// writes hi and a null, then flushes the buffer
    cout << "hi!" << ends;  

    cout << unitbuf;         // all writes will be flushed immediately

	// any output is flushed immediately, no buffering
    cout << "first" << " second" << endl;

	cout << nounitbuf;       // returns to normal buffering

	return 0;
}

unitbuf操作符

tie

8.2、文件的输入输出

#include <iostream>
using std::cerr; using std::cout; using std::endl;

#include <fstream>
using std::ifstream; 

#include <string>
using std::string;

#include <stdexcept>
using std::runtime_error;

void process(ifstream &is)
{
	string s;
	while (is >> s)
		cout << s << endl;
}

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
	// for each file passed to the program
	for (auto p = argv + 1; p != argv + argc; ++p) {
	    ifstream input(*p);   // create input and open the file
	    if (input) {          // if the file is ok, ``process'' this file
	        process(input);
		} else
	        cerr << "couldn't open: " + string(*p);
	} // input goes out of scope and is destroyed on each iteration
	
	auto p = argv + 1, end = argv + argc;
	
	ifstream input;           
	while (p != end) {        // for each file passed to the program
		input.open(*p);       // open the file, automatically clears the stream 
	    if (input) {          // if the file is ok, read and ``process'' the input
	        	process(input);
		} else
			cerr << "couldn't open: " + string(*p);
	    input.close();        // close file when we're done with it
	    ++p;                  // increment pointer to get next file
	}
}

自动构造和析构

文件模式

以out打开文件会丢弃已有数据

8.3、string 流

#include <iostream>
using std::cin; using std::cout; using std::cerr;
using std::istream; using std::ostream; using std::endl;

#include <sstream>
using std::ostringstream; using std::istringstream;

#include <vector>
using std::vector;

#include <string>
using std::string;

// members are public by default
struct PersonInfo { 
	string name;
	vector<string> phones;
};

// we'll see how to reformat phone numbers in chapter 17
// for now just return the string we're given
string format(const string &s) { return s; }

bool valid(const string &s)
{
	// we'll see how to validate phone numbers 
	// in chapter 17, for now just return true
	return true;
}

vector<PersonInfo>
getData(istream &is)
{
	// will hold a line and word from input, respectively
	string line, word;

	// will hold all the records from the input
	vector<PersonInfo> people;

	// read the input a line at a time until end-of-file (or other error)
	while (getline(is, line)) {       
		PersonInfo info;            // object to hold this record's data
	    istringstream record(line); // bind record to the line we just read
		record >> info.name;        // read the name
	    while (record >> word)      // read the phone numbers 
			info.phones.push_back(word);  // and store them
		people.push_back(info); // append this record to people
	}
	
	return people;
}

ostream& process(ostream &os, vector<PersonInfo> people)
{
	for (const auto &entry : people) {    // for each entry in people
		ostringstream formatted, badNums; // objects created on each loop
		for (const auto &nums : entry.phones) {  // for each number 
			if (!valid(nums)) {           
				badNums << " " << nums;  // string in badNums
			} else                        
				// ``writes'' to formatted's string
				formatted << " " << format(nums); 
		}
		if (badNums.str().empty())      // there were no bad numbers
			os << entry.name << " "     // print the name 
			   << formatted.str() << endl; // and reformatted numbers 
		else                   // otherwise, print the name and bad numbers
			cerr << "input error: " << entry.name 
			     << " invalid number(s) " << badNums.str() << endl;
	}
	
	return os;
}

int main()
{
	process(cout, getData(cin));

	return 0;
}

使用ostringstream

8.4、小结

8.5、术语表