代码随想录训练营第56天|广度优先搜索

99. 岛屿数量

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
int dir[4][2] = {0, 1, 1, 0, -1, 0, 0, -1}; // 四个方向
void dfs(vector<vector<int>>& grid, int x, int y) {
    // cout<<"x："<<x<<"y："<<y<<":"<<grid[x][y]<<endl;
    grid[x][y] = 0; 
    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
        int nextx = x + dir[i][0];
        int nexty = y + dir[i][1];
        if (nextx >=0 && nextx < grid.size() && nexty >= 0 && nexty < grid[0].size() && grid[nextx][nexty] == 1){ 
            dfs(grid, nextx, nexty);
        }
    }
}

int main() {
    int n, m;
    cin >> n >> m;
    vector<vector<int>> grid(n, vector<int>(m, 0));
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) {
            cin >> grid[i][j];
        }
    }

    int result = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) {
            if (grid[i][j] == 1) {
                result++; // 遇到没访问过的陆地，+1
                dfs(grid, i, j); // 将与其链接的陆地标记0，避免重复计数
            }
        }
    }
    cout << result << endl;
}

深搜，首次访问到时计数，并将相邻元素清零，避免重复统计。

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;

int dir[4][2] = {0, 1, 1, 0, -1, 0, 0, -1}; // 四个方向
void bfs(vector<vector<int>>& grid, int x, int y) {
    queue<pair<int, int>> que;
    que.push({x, y});
    grid[x][y] = 0; 
    while(!que.empty()) {
        auto [curx,cury] = que.front(); 
        que.pop();
        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
            int nextx = curx + dir[i][0];
            int nexty = cury + dir[i][1];
            if (nextx < 0 || nextx >= grid.size() || nexty < 0 || nexty >= grid[0].size()) continue;  // 越界了，直接跳过
            if (grid[nextx][nexty] == 1) {
                que.push({nextx, nexty});
                grid[nextx][nexty] = 0; // 只要加入队列立刻标记
            }
        }
    }
}

int main() {
    int n, m;
    cin >> n >> m;
    vector<vector<int>> grid(n, vector<int>(m, 0));
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) {
            cin >> grid[i][j];
        }
    }

    vector<vector<bool>> visited(n, vector<bool>(m, false));

    int result = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) {
            if (!visited[i][j] && grid[i][j] == 1) {
                result++; // 遇到没访问过的陆地，+1
                bfs(grid,  i, j); // 将与其链接的陆地都标记上 true
            }
        }
    }


    cout << result << endl;
}

广搜，每次向队列中push一圈元素，不断向外膨胀。

100. 岛屿的最大面积

// 版本二
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;

int count;
int dir[4][2] = {0, 1, 1, 0, -1, 0, 0, -1}; // 四个方向
void dfs(vector<vector<int>>& grid, int x, int y) {
    grid[x][y] = 0; // 标记访问过
    count++;
    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
        int nextx = x + dir[i][0];
        int nexty = y + dir[i][1];
        if (nextx >= 0 && nextx < grid.size() && nexty >= 0 && nexty < grid[0].size() && grid[nextx][nexty] == 1){
            dfs(grid, nextx, nexty);
        }
    }
}

int main() {
    int n, m;
    cin >> n >> m;
    vector<vector<int>> grid(n, vector<int>(m, 0));
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) {
            cin >> grid[i][j];
        }
    }
    int result = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) {
            if (grid[i][j] == 1) {
                count = 0; // 因为dfs处理当前节点，所以遇到陆地计数为0，进dfs之后在开始从1计数
                dfs(grid, i, j); // 将与其链接的陆地都标记上 true
                result = max(result, count);
            }
        }
    }
    cout << result << endl;
}

深搜，用全局变量累计单个岛屿面积。主程序里用result选出最大。