Numpy大作业

鸢尾属植物数据集.\iris.data，在这个数据集中，包括了三类不同的鸢尾属植物：Iris Setosa，Iris Versicolour，Iris Virginica。每类收集了50个样本，因此这个数据集一共包含了150个样本。
sepallength：萼片长度
sepalwidth：萼片宽度
petallength：花瓣长度
petalwidth：花瓣宽度

#1.导入鸢尾属植物数据集，保持文本不变
import numpy as np
outfile = r'.\iris.data'
iris_data = np.loadtxt(outfile, dtype=object, delimiter=',', skiprows=1)
print(iris_data[0:10])

#2.求出鸢尾属植物萼片长度的平均值、中位数和标准差（第1列，sepallength）
import numpy as np
outfile = r'.\iris.data'
sepalLength = np.loadtxt(outfile, dtype=float, delimiter=',', skiprows=1, usecols=[0])
print(sepalLength[0:10])

print(np.mean(sepalLength))

print(np.median(sepalLength))

#3.创建一种标准化形式的鸢尾属植物萼片长度，其值正好介于0和1之间，这样最小值为0，最大值为1
import numpy as np
outfile = r'.\iris.data'
sepalLength = np.loadtxt(outfile, dtype=float, delimiter=',', skiprows=1, usecols=[0])
aMax = np.amax(sepalLength)
aMin = np.amin(sepalLength)
x = (sepalLength ‐ aMin) / (aMax ‐ aMin)
print(x[0:10])


#4.找到鸢尾属植物萼片长度的第5和第95百分位数import numpy as np
outfile = r'.\iris.data'
sepalLength = np.loadtxt(outfile, dtype=float, delimiter=',', skiprows=1, usecols=[0])
x = np.percentile(sepalLength, [5, 95])
print(x)


#5.把iris_data数据集中的20个随机位置修改为np.nan值
import numpy as np
outfile = r'.\iris.data'

iris_data = np.loadtxt(outfile, dtype=object, delimiter=',', skiprows=1)
i, j = iris_data.shape
np.random.seed(20200621)
iris_data[np.random.randint(i, size=20), np.random.randint(j, size=20)] = np.nan
print(iris_data[0:10])


# 6.在iris_data的sepallength中查找缺失值的个数和位置（第1列）
import numpy as np
outfile = r'.\iris.data'
iris_data = np.loadtxt(outfile, dtype=float, delimiter=',', skiprows=1, usecols=[0, 1, 2,3])
i, j = iris_data.shape
np.random.seed(20200621)
iris_data[np.random.randint(i, size=20), np.random.randint(j, size=20)] = np.nan
sepallength = iris_data[:, 0]
x = np.isnan(sepallength)
print(sum(x))
print(np.where(x))


#7. 筛选具有 sepallength（第1列）< 5.0 并且 petallength（第3列）> 1.5 的 iris_data行
import numpy as np
outfile = r'.\iris.data'
iris_data = np.loadtxt(outfile, dtype=float, delimiter=',', skiprows=1, usecols=[0, 1, 2,
3])
sepallength = iris_data[:, 0]
petallength = iris_data[:, 2]
index = np.where(np.logical_and(petallength > 1.5, sepallength < 5.0))
print(iris_data[index])


#8.选择没有任何 nan 值的 iris_data行
import numpy as np
outfile = r'.\iris.data'
iris_data = np.loadtxt(outfile, dtype=float, delimiter=',', skiprows=1, usecols=[0, 1, 2,
3])
i, j = iris_data.shape
np.random.seed(20200621)
iris_data[np.random.randint(i, size=20), np.random.randint(j, size=20)] = np.nan
x = iris_data[np.sum(np.isnan(iris_data), axis=1) == 0]
print(x[0:10])

#9. 计算 iris_data 中sepalLength（第1列）和petalLength（第3列）之间的相关系数
import numpy as np
outfile = r'.\iris.data'
iris_data = np.loadtxt(outfile, dtype=float, delimiter=',', skiprows=1, usecols=[0, 1, 2,
3])
sepalLength = iris_data[:, 0]
petalLength = iris_data[:, 2]

m1 = np.mean(sepalLength)
m2 = np.mean(petalLength)
cov = np.dot(sepalLength - m1, petalLength - m2)
std1 = np.sqrt(np.dot(sepalLength -m1, sepalLength - m1))
std2 = np.sqrt(np.dot(petalLength -m2, petalLength - m2))
print(cov / (std1 * std2))

#10. 找出iris_data是否有任何缺失值。
import numpy as np
outfile = r'.\iris.data'
iris_data = np.loadtxt(outfile, dtype=float, delimiter=',', skiprows=1, usecols=[0, 1, 2,
3])
x = np.isnan(iris_data)
print(np.any(x))

#11. 在numpy数组中将所有出现的nan替换为0。
import numpy as np
outfile = r'.\iris.data'
iris_data = np.loadtxt(outfile, dtype=float, delimiter=',', skiprows=1, usecols=[0, 1, 2,
3])
i, j = iris_data.shape
np.random.seed(20200621)
iris_data[np.random.randint(i, size=20), np.random.randint(j, size=20)] = np.nan
iris_data[np.isnan(iris_data)] = 0
print(iris_data[0:10])

#12.找出鸢尾属植物物种中的唯一值和唯一值出现的数量。
import numpy as npoutfile = r'.\iris.data'
iris_data = np.loadtxt(outfile, dtype=object, delimiter=',', skiprows=1, usecols=[4])
x = np.unique(iris_data, return_counts=True)
print(x)
# (array(['Iris‐setosa', 'Iris‐versicolor', 'Iris‐virginica'], dtype=object), array([50,
50, 50]， dtype=int64))

#13. 将 iris_data 的花瓣长度（第3列）以形成分类变量的形式显示。
import numpy as np
outfile = r'.\iris.data'
iris_data = np.loadtxt(outfile, dtype=float, delimiter=',', skiprows=1, usecols=[0, 1, 2,
3])
petal_length_bin = np.digitize(iris_data[:, 2], [0, 3, 5, 10])
label_map = {1: 'small', 2: 'medium', 3: 'large', 4: np.nan}
petal_length_cat = [label_map[x] for x in petal_length_bin]
print(petal_length_cat[0:10])

#14. 在 iris_data 中创建一个新列，其中 volume 是 (pi x petallength x sepallength ^ 2）/ 3 。
import numpy as np
outfile = r'.\iris.data'
iris_data = np.loadtxt(outfile, dtype=object, delimiter=',', skiprows=1)
sepalLength = iris_data[:, 0].astype(float)
petalLength = iris_data[:, 2].astype(float)
volume = (np.pi * petalLength * sepalLength ** 2) / 3
volume = volume[:, np.newaxis]
iris_data = np.concatenate([iris_data, volume], axis=1)
print(iris_data[0:10])

#15. 随机抽鸢尾属植物的种类，使得Iris-setosa的数量是Iris-versicolor和Iris-virginica数量的两倍。
import numpy as np
species = np.array(['Iris‐setosa', 'Iris‐versicolor', 'Iris‐virginica'])
species_out = np.random.choice(species, 10000, p=[0.5, 0.25, 0.25])
print(np.unique(species_out, return_counts=True))

array([4927, 2477, 2596], dtype=int64))

#16. 根据 sepallength 列对数据集进行排序。
import numpy as np
outfile = r'.\iris.data'
iris_data = np.loadtxt(outfile, dtype=object, delimiter=',', skiprows=1)
sepalLength = iris_data[:, 0]
index = np.argsort(sepalLength)
print(iris_data[index][0:10])

#17.在鸢尾属植物数据集中找到最常见的花瓣长度值（第3列）
import numpy as np
outfile = r'.\iris.data'
iris_data = np.loadtxt(outfile, dtype=object, delimiter=',', skiprows=1)
petalLength = iris_data[:, 2]
vals, counts = np.unique(petalLength, return_counts=True)
print(vals[np.argmax(counts)])
print(np.amax(counts)

#18. 在鸢尾花数据集的 petalwidth（第4列）中查找第一次出现的值大于1.0的位置。
import numpy as np
outfile = r'.\iris.data'
iris_data = np.loadtxt(outfile, dtype=float, delimiter=',', skiprows=1, usecols=[0, 1, 2,
3])
petalWidth = iris_data[:, 3]
index = np.where(petalWidth > 1.0)
print(index)
print(index[0][0])