1、《麦子学院》
说到线性回归，都不陌生就不多讲了
如图所示，这条线如何求出的，线的方程式为
根据这两个公式求出方程带入即可
展示一下用Python的简单应用：
# coding=utf-8
import numpy as np#numpy中有自带的求均值mean
def fit(x, y):
up = 0
down = 0;
n = len(x)
for i in range(0, n):
up += (x[i]-np.mean(x))*(y[i]-np.mean(y))
down += (x[i]-np.mean(x))**2
b1 = up/float(down)
b0 = np.mean(y)-b1*float(np.mean(x))
print b0
print b1
return b0, b1
def predicet(b0, b1, p):
return b1*p+b0
x = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
y = [0, 20, 60, 68, 77, 110]
b0, b1 = fit(x,y)
p = 3.5
print predicet(b0, b1, p)2、
《机器学习实战》线性回归
1、线性回归的用处
2、线性回归的定义
3、公式定理
4、代码
5、数据
1、线性回归一般用于预测，比如销量预测，制造缺陷预测，商品的社会劳动时间预测商品的价值等等
2、线性回归一般可以用线性回归函数来进行表示，线性回归意味着可以将输入项分别乘以一个常量，再将结果加起来得到输出，例如房价=w0*离市中心距离+w1，需要说明的就是还存在另一种非线性回归，例如船只寿命=w0*出行次数+w1*造价+额外受损。
3、一般的，得到数据后，经过对数据的处理储存在矩阵X中，回归系数存在向量w中，表示为
一个通常的方法找到最小的误差w，这里的误差指的是真实值Y和预测值之间的差值，我们采用平方误差的方法，即：
用矩阵表示可以写作：
，对w求导可得到
令其等于零，解出w如下
^w表示w的一个最佳估计。
注意的一点就是
代码：
# coding=utf-8
from numpy import *
import numpy as np
import pylab as pl
#处理数据
def loadDataSet(fileName):
numFeat = len(open(fileName).readline().split('\t')) - 1
dataMat = []; labelMat = []
fr = open(fileName)
for line in fr.readlines():
lineArr =[]
curLine = line.strip().split('\t')
for i in range(numFeat):
lineArr.append(float(curLine[i]))
dataMat.append(lineArr)
labelMat.append(float(curLine[-1]))
return dataMat,labelMat
#求w
def standRegres(xArr,yArr):
xMat = mat(xArr);
yMat = mat(yArr).T
xTx = xMat.T*xMat
if linalg.det(xTx) == 0.0:
print "This matrix is singular, cannot do inverse"
return
ws = xTx.I * (xMat.T*yMat)
print "ws:",ws
return ws
def show(ws, xArr, yArr):
ws = array(ws)
xArr = array(xArr)
yArr = array(yArr)
x = linspace(0,1)
y = ws[0] + ws[1]*x
pl.figure(figsize = (6,5))
pl.plot(x, y, label="$y=ax+b$", linewidth=2.0, color = "red", linestyle = "-")
pl.plot(xArr[:, 1], yArr, '.', color = 'g')
pl.legend()
pl.show()
def main():
xArr,yArr = loadDataSet(r"C:\Users\l\Desktop\ex0.txt")
ws = standRegres(xArr,yArr)
show(ws,xArr, yArr)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main();
数据：
1.000000 0.067732 3.176513
1.000000 0.427810 3.816464
1.000000 0.995731 4.550095
1.000000 0.738336 4.256571
1.000000 0.981083 4.560815
1.000000 0.526171 3.929515
1.000000 0.378887 3.526170
1.000000 0.033859 3.156393
1.000000 0.132791 3.110301
1.000000 0.138306 3.149813
1.000000 0.247809 3.476346
1.000000 0.648270 4.119688
1.000000 0.731209 4.282233
1.000000 0.236833 3.486582
1.000000 0.969788 4.655492
1.000000 0.607492 3.965162
1.000000 0.358622 3.514900
1.000000 0.147846 3.125947
1.000000 0.637820 4.094115
1.000000 0.230372 3.476039
1.000000 0.070237 3.210610
1.000000 0.067154 3.190612
1.000000 0.925577 4.631504
1.000000 0.717733 4.295890
1.000000 0.015371 3.085028
1.000000 0.335070 3.448080
1.000000 0.040486 3.167440
1.000000 0.212575 3.364266
1.000000 0.617218 3.993482
1.000000 0.541196 3.891471
1.000000 0.045353 3.143259
1.000000 0.126762 3.114204
1.000000 0.556486 3.851484
1.000000 0.901144 4.621899
1.000000 0.958476 4.580768
1.000000 0.274561 3.620992
1.000000 0.394396 3.580501
1.000000 0.872480 4.618706
1.000000 0.409932 3.676867
1.000000 0.908969 4.641845
1.000000 0.166819 3.175939
1.000000 0.665016 4.264980
1.000000 0.263727 3.558448
1.000000 0.231214 3.436632
1.000000 0.552928 3.831052
1.000000 0.047744 3.182853
1.000000 0.365746 3.498906
1.000000 0.495002 3.946833
1.000000 0.493466 3.900583
1.000000 0.792101 4.238522
1.000000 0.769660 4.233080
1.000000 0.251821 3.521557
1.000000 0.181951 3.203344
1.000000 0.808177 4.278105
1.000000 0.334116 3.555705
1.000000 0.338630 3.502661
1.000000 0.452584 3.859776
1.000000 0.694770 4.275956
1.000000 0.590902 3.916191
1.000000 0.307928 3.587961
1.000000 0.148364 3.183004
1.000000 0.702180 4.225236
1.000000 0.721544 4.231083
1.000000 0.666886 4.240544
1.000000 0.124931 3.222372
1.000000 0.618286 4.021445
1.000000 0.381086 3.567479
1.000000 0.385643 3.562580
1.000000 0.777175 4.262059
1.000000 0.116089 3.208813
1.000000 0.115487 3.169825
1.000000 0.663510 4.193949
1.000000 0.254884 3.491678
1.000000 0.993888 4.533306
1.000000 0.295434 3.550108
1.000000 0.952523 4.636427
1.000000 0.307047 3.557078
1.000000 0.277261 3.552874
1.000000 0.279101 3.494159
1.000000 0.175724 3.206828
1.000000 0.156383 3.195266
1.000000 0.733165 4.221292
1.000000 0.848142 4.413372
1.000000 0.771184 4.184347
1.000000 0.429492 3.742878
1.000000 0.162176 3.201878
1.000000 0.917064 4.648964
1.000000 0.315044 3.510117
1.000000 0.201473 3.274434
1.000000 0.297038 3.579622
1.000000 0.336647 3.489244
1.000000 0.666109 4.237386
1.000000 0.583888 3.913749
1.000000 0.085031 3.228990
1.000000 0.687006 4.286286
1.000000 0.949655 4.628614
1.000000 0.189912 3.239536
1.000000 0.844027 4.457997
1.000000 0.333288 3.513384
1.000000 0.427035 3.729674
1.000000 0.466369 3.834274
1.000000 0.550659 3.811155
1.000000 0.278213 3.598316
1.000000 0.918769 4.692514
1.000000 0.886555 4.604859
1.000000 0.569488 3.864912
1.000000 0.066379 3.184236
1.000000 0.335751 3.500796
1.000000 0.426863 3.743365
1.000000 0.395746 3.622905
1.000000 0.694221 4.310796
1.000000 0.272760 3.583357
1.000000 0.503495 3.901852
1.000000 0.067119 3.233521
1.000000 0.038326 3.105266
1.000000 0.599122 3.865544
1.000000 0.947054 4.628625
1.000000 0.671279 4.231213
1.000000 0.434811 3.791149
1.000000 0.509381 3.968271
1.000000 0.749442 4.253910
1.000000 0.058014 3.194710
1.000000 0.482978 3.996503
1.000000 0.466776 3.904358
1.000000 0.357767 3.503976
1.000000 0.949123 4.557545
1.000000 0.417320 3.699876
1.000000 0.920461 4.613614
1.000000 0.156433 3.140401
1.000000 0.656662 4.206717
1.000000 0.616418 3.969524
1.000000 0.853428 4.476096
1.000000 0.133295 3.136528
1.000000 0.693007 4.279071
1.000000 0.178449 3.200603
1.000000 0.199526 3.299012
1.000000 0.073224 3.209873
1.000000 0.286515 3.632942
1.000000 0.182026 3.248361
1.000000 0.621523 3.995783
1.000000 0.344584 3.563262
1.000000 0.398556 3.649712
1.000000 0.480369 3.951845
1.000000 0.153350 3.145031
1.000000 0.171846 3.181577
1.000000 0.867082 4.637087
1.000000 0.223855 3.404964
1.000000 0.528301 3.873188
1.000000 0.890192 4.633648
1.000000 0.106352 3.154768
1.000000 0.917886 4.623637
1.000000 0.014855 3.078132
1.000000 0.567682 3.913596
1.000000 0.068854 3.221817
1.000000 0.603535 3.938071
1.000000 0.532050 3.880822
1.000000 0.651362 4.176436
1.000000 0.901225 4.648161
1.000000 0.204337 3.332312
1.000000 0.696081 4.240614
1.000000 0.963924 4.532224
1.000000 0.981390 4.557105
1.000000 0.987911 4.610072
1.000000 0.990947 4.636569
1.000000 0.736021 4.229813
1.000000 0.253574 3.500860
1.000000 0.674722 4.245514
1.000000 0.939368 4.605182
1.000000 0.235419 3.454340
1.000000 0.110521 3.180775
1.000000 0.218023 3.380820
1.000000 0.869778 4.565020
1.000000 0.196830 3.279973
1.000000 0.958178 4.554241
1.000000 0.972673 4.633520
1.000000 0.745797 4.281037
1.000000 0.445674 3.844426
1.000000 0.470557 3.891601
1.000000 0.549236 3.849728
1.000000 0.335691 3.492215
1.000000 0.884739 4.592374
1.000000 0.918916 4.632025
1.000000 0.441815 3.756750
1.000000 0.116598 3.133555
1.000000 0.359274 3.567919
1.000000 0.814811 4.363382
1.000000 0.387125 3.560165
1.000000 0.982243 4.564305
1.000000 0.780880 4.215055
1.000000 0.652565 4.174999
1.000000 0.870030 4.586640
1.000000 0.604755 3.960008
1.000000 0.255212 3.529963
1.000000 0.730546 4.213412
1.000000 0.493829 3.908685
1.000000 0.257017 3.585821
1.000000 0.833735 4.374394
1.000000 0.070095 3.213817
1.000000 0.527070 3.952681
1.000000 0.116163 3.129283
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