32/365 java UDP通信

1.Socket

Socket是两台机器之间通信的端点，基于TCP、UDP等协议做了一层封装，是一套系统所提供的的用于进行网络通信的编程接口。

2.UDP通信

不同于TCP的客户端-服务器端通信，UDP只有接收端和发送端，二者地位相同。

UDP通信无需建立连接，根据地址直接发送包，如果对方没有收到，也不会报错。

发送端代码：

package net;

import java.net.*;

public class UdpSender {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        DatagramSocket datagramSocket = new DatagramSocket();

        String s = new String("hello, world!");
        InetAddress address = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
        int port = 9999;
        DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(s.getBytes(), 0, (s.getBytes().length), address, port);

        datagramSocket.send(datagramPacket);

        datagramSocket.close();
    }
}

接收端代码：

package net;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

public class UdpReceiver {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9999);

        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        DatagramPacket p = new DatagramPacket(buffer,0,buffer.length);


        socket.receive(p);
        System.out.println(p.getAddress().getHostAddress());
        System.out.println(new String(p.getData(),0,p.getLength()));
        socket.close();


    }
}

3.UDP用命令行聊天

发送端：

package net;


import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.*;

public class D3 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(10000);

        BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));

        while(true){
            String s = bufferedReader.readLine();
            byte[] data = s.getBytes();
            DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(data, 0, data.length, new InetSocketAddress("localhost",10001));
            socket.send(packet);
            if(s.equals("bye")) break;

        }

        socket.close();

    }
}

接收端：

package net;

import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;

public class D4 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(10001);

        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);
        while(true){
            socket.receive(packet);
            String s = new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength());
            System.out.println(s);
            if(s.equals("bye")) break;
        }
        socket.close();
    }
}

完成了发送端和接收端的代码并不够，还需要用多线程实现每个用户都可以发送和接收。

package net;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;

public class ChatSender implements Runnable{
    DatagramSocket socket;
    String fromHostName;
    int fromPort;
    String toHostName;
    int toPort;


    public ChatSender( String fromHostName, int fromPort, String toHostName, int toPort) {
        try {
            this.socket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
            this.fromHostName = fromHostName;
            this.fromPort = fromPort;
            this.toHostName = toHostName;
            this.toPort = toPort;

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {


        BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));


        try {
                while(true){
                    String s = bufferedReader.readLine();
                    byte[] data = s.getBytes();
                    DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(data, 0, data.length, new InetSocketAddress(toHostName, toPort));
                    socket.send(packet);
                    if(s.equals("bye")) break;
                }
        } catch (Exception e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } finally {
                socket.close();
        }


    }
}

package net;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;

public class ChatReceiver implements Runnable {
    String  yourHostName;
    int myPort;
    DatagramSocket socket;

    public ChatReceiver(String yourHostName, int myPort) {
        this.yourHostName = yourHostName;
        this.myPort = myPort;
        try {
            this.socket = new DatagramSocket(myPort);
        } catch (SocketException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);
        try {
            while(true){
                socket.receive(packet);
                String s = new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength());

                System.out.println(yourHostName + ": " + s);
                if(s.equals("bye")) break;
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
           e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            socket.close();
        }

    }
}

最后不同的用户分别调用这两个线程

package net;

public class Car {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Thread(new ChatSender("Car",5556,"localhost",6666)).start();
        new Thread(new ChatReceiver("Factory", 5555)).start();
    }
}

package net;

public class Factory {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Thread(new ChatSender("Factory",6665,"localhost",5555)).start();
        new Thread(new ChatReceiver("Car", 6666)).start();
    }
}

实现效果：