37/365 java Class对象

1.通过Class对象，可以：

创建类的对象

得到该类的所有属性，方法（包括private）

操作该类的所有属性，方法（包括private）

示例代码：

package AnnotationTest;

import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;

public class A7 {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Class c1 = Class.forName("AnnotationTest.A31");

        A31 a  = (A31) c1.newInstance();//调用无参构造器

        Constructor constructor = c1.getConstructor( int.class, int.class, String.class,boolean.class);//这样可以调用有参构造器
        a = (A31)constructor.newInstance(99, 152,"apple",true);
        System.out.println(a.toString());


        System.out.println("**********************");
        Field id = c1.getField("di");//得到public字段
        System.out.println(id);
        Field num = c1.getDeclaredField("num");//得到所有字段，包括private
        System.out.println(num);



        System.out.println("**********************");
        Method[] methods = c1.getMethods();//得到该类和该类继承的所有的public方法，
        for (Method method : methods) {
            System.out.println(method);
        }


        System.out.println("**********************");
        Method[] declaredMethods = c1.getDeclaredMethods();//得到该类的所有方法
        for (Method declaredMethod : declaredMethods) {
            System.out.println(declaredMethod);
        }



        System.out.println("**********************");
        Method setNum = c1.getMethod("setNum", int.class);
        setNum.invoke(a,666);//执行该方法
        System.out.println(a.getNum());

        System.out.println("**********************");
        Method setDi = c1.getDeclaredMethod("setDi", int.class);
        setDi.setAccessible(true);//关掉访问控制，这样可以调用private方法
        setDi.invoke(a,777);
        System.out.println(a.getDi());

    }
}


class A31 extends Object{
    public int di;
    int num;
    String name;
    boolean falg;

    A31(){

    }

    public A31(int di, int num, String name, boolean falg) {
        this.di = di;
        this.num = num;
        this.name = name;
        this.falg = falg;
    }


    public int getDi() {
        return di;
    }

    private void setDi(int di) {
        this.di = di;
    }

    public int getNum() {
        return num;
    }

    public void setNum(int num) {
        this.num = num;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public boolean isFalg() {
        return falg;
    }

    private void test(){}

    public void setFalg(boolean falg) {
        this.falg = falg;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "A31{" +
                "di=" + di +
                ", num=" + num +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", falg=" + falg +
                '}';
    }
}

2.性能对比

调用同一个方法的速度：new 对象 > 反射创建对象并关闭访问检查 > 反射创建对象

package AnnotationTest;

import java.lang.reflect.Method;

public class A8 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        cal1();
        cal2();
        cal3();
    }

    public static void cal1(){
        A31 a = new A31();
        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
        for (int i = 0; i < 100000000; i++) {
            a.getName();
        }
        long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("new object: " + (end-start) + " ms");
    }

    public static void cal2() throws Exception {
        Class c = Class.forName("AnnotationTest.A31");
        A31 a = (A31)c.newInstance();
        Method getName = c.getDeclaredMethod("getName",null);


        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
        for (int i = 0; i < 100000000; i++) {
            getName.invoke(a,null);
        }
        long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("reflect and new object: " + (end-start) + " ms");
    }

    public static void cal3() throws Exception {
        Class c = Class.forName("AnnotationTest.A31");
        A31 a = (A31)c.newInstance();
        Method getName = c.getDeclaredMethod("getName",null);
        getName.setAccessible(true);

        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
        for (int i = 0; i < 100000000; i++) {
            getName.invoke(a,null);
        }
        long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("reflect, close access check and new object: " + (end-start) + " ms");
    }



}

结果：

按道理是这个结果没错，但我换成toString()方法后，直接new对象的时间花费最长，反而是反射能更快。