o'reily ip routing memo part03

b. speeding up convergence
when a router detects that an int is down, it’ll immediately flush all routers.
(i) split horizon 水平分割
When a router sends an update through an interface, it does not include in its update any routes that it learned via that int.
(ii) counting to infinity 无限计数
Equating a hop count of 16 to infinity and hence disregarding any advertisement for a route with its metric.
(iii) triggered updates 触发更新
(iv) poison reverse 毒性逆转
When a router detects that a link is down. Its next update for that route will contain a metric of 16, poisoning that route.
Downstream routers that receive this update will immediately place the route in hold-down(without going through the invalid period )
Triggered updates may be dropped, lost, or corrupted, so the count-to-infinity limits is used.
Poison reverse and triggered updates can be combined.
(v) setting times
Make sure all routers have the same timers
-config#router rip
-config#timers basic [send updates every # seconds] [hold-down] [flush times] [respectively]

 

 

3. subnet mask
Rip does NOT permit VLSM.
A natural mask would be assumed for a network number.

 

 

4. route summarization
Advertising.

 

 

5. default gateway
When a route does not have explicit route to a destination ip address, it looks to see if it has a default route in its routing table and, if so, forwards packets for this destination via the default route.
In rip, the default routeis represented as the ip add 0.0.0.0.

 

 

6. fine-tuning rip
The rip metrics can be manipulated to disfavor the one-hop path through the use of offset lists.
conf t
router rip
offset-list {access-list} {in/out} offset [type number]