用户认证之后如何执行后续跳转
在上一章节中，我们知道了默认CAS服务端是如何通过配置文件实现用户登录名和密码的认证，下面我们将继续对认证之后的动作处理进行分析。
1. 发送TGT之行为状态sendTicketGrantingTicket
身份验证成功后进入sendTicketGrantingTicket行为状态。
*login-webflow.xml：*
<action-state id="sendTicketGrantingTicket">
<evaluate expression="sendTicketGrantingTicketAction"/>
<transition to="serviceCheck"/>
</action-state>
配置文件中可以知道要执行表达式sendTicketGrantingTicket。
2. 发送TGT之执行表达式sendTicketGrantingTicket(context)
SendTicketGrantingTicketAction此类主要用于创建TGC，并响应到客户端。在cas-server-webapp-actions模块下的org.jasig.cas.web.flow包中。
*SendTicketGrantingTicketAction.java*
@Component("sendTicketGrantingTicketAction")
public final class SendTicketGrantingTicketAction extends AbstractAction {
private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SendTicketGrantingTicketAction.class);
@Value("${create.sso.renewed.authn:true}")
private boolean createSsoSessionCookieOnRenewAuthentications = true;
…………
@Override
protected Event doExecute(final RequestContext context) {
//获取TGT
final String ticketGrantingTicketId = WebUtils.getTicketGrantingTicketId(context);
//从cookie中获取TGT
final String ticketGrantingTicketValueFromCookie = (String) context.getFlowScope().get("ticketGrantingTicketId");
if (ticketGrantingTicketId == null) {
return success();
}
if (isAuthenticatingAtPublicWorkstation(context)) {
//如果是通过公共工作台去认证的，那么将不产生cookie
LOGGER.info("Authentication is at a public workstation. "
+ "SSO cookie will not be generated. Subsequent requests will be challenged for authentication.");
} else if (!this.createSsoSessionCookieOnRenewAuthentications && isAuthenticationRenewed(context)) {
LOGGER.info("Authentication session is renewed but CAS is not configured to create the SSO session. "
+ "SSO cookie will not be generated. Subsequent requests will be challenged for authentication.");
} else {
LOGGER.debug("Setting TGC for current session.");
//把TGC设置到cookie中并响应客户端
this.ticketGrantingTicketCookieGenerator.addCookie(WebUtils.getHttpServletRequest(context), WebUtils
.getHttpServletResponse(context), ticketGrantingTicketId);
}
if (ticketGrantingTicketValueFromCookie != null && !ticketGrantingTicketId.equals(ticketGrantingTicketValueFromCookie)) {
//如果从cookie中获取的tgt和后端请求中的tgt不一致那么在服务端中销毁cookie中对应的tgt
this.centralAuthenticationService.destroyTicketGrantingTicket(ticketGrantingTicketValueFromCookie);
}
return success();
}
此类主要功能是将TGT写到cookie，如果写之前从cookie里获取的TGT与上下文里的TGT不一致，就销毁该TGT，并登出，正常情况是一致的。执行完成后，返回success，可以看到后续的《transition to=“serviceCheck”/》。
3. 检查服务serviceCheck
*login-webflow.xml：*
<decision-state id="serviceCheck">
<if test="flowScope.service != null" then="generateServiceTicket" else="viewGenericLoginSuccess"/>
</decision-state>
由于本文只通过服务端登录进行用户的验证，因此service参数为空，因此此时会进入viewGenericLoginSuccess。如果service不为空， 例如请求的是类似http://localhost:8080/cas/login?service=XXX ，service的值为XXX，所以进入generateServiceTicket。
我们接下来会先分析服务端不带service参数的情况，然后再继续分析有service情况下是如何把ST回传给客户端。
4. 无service时到结束状态viewGenericLoginSuccess
从注释中我们可以知道这个结束状态主要是用于服务端登录不带有service参数的情况下而存在的。最终会跳转到casGenericSuccessView.jsp页面上，展示认证的用户名（注意不同国际化的展示不一致，有些不展示用户名）。
需要执行的表达式为genericSuccessViewAction.getAuthenticationPrincipal。
*login-webflow.xml：*
<!--
the "viewGenericLoginSuccess" is the end state for when a user attempts to login without coming directly from a service.
They have only initialized their single-sign on session.
-->
<end-state id="viewGenericLoginSuccess" view="casGenericSuccessView">
<on-entry>
<evaluate expression="genericSuccessViewAction.getAuthenticationPrincipal(flowScope.ticketGrantingTicketId)"
result="requestScope.principal"
result-type="org.jasig.cas.authentication.principal.Principal"/>
</on-entry>
</end-state>
5. 执行表达式genericSuccessViewAction.getAuthenticationPrincipal（ticketGrantingTicketId）
此类在cas-server-webapp-actions模块下的org.jasig.cas.web.flow包中。主要功能为获取认证用户信息，并把登录用户名返回到登录成功的页面。
*GenericSuccessViewAction.java*
@Component("genericSuccessViewAction")
public final class GenericSuccessViewAction {
private final CentralAuthenticationService centralAuthenticationService;
/**
* Gets authentication principal.
*
* @param ticketGrantingTicketId the ticket granting ticket id
* @return the authentication principal, or {@link org.jasig.cas.authentication.principal.NullPrincipal}
* if none was available.
*/
public Principal getAuthenticationPrincipal(final String ticketGrantingTicketId) {
try {
//通过认证服务获取到TGT对象
final TicketGrantingTicket ticketGrantingTicket =
this.centralAuthenticationService.getTicket(ticketGrantingTicketId, TicketGrantingTicket.class);
//通过TGT对象获取到认证用户登录名并返回
return ticketGrantingTicket.getAuthentication().getPrincipal();
} catch (final InvalidTicketException e){
logger.warn(e.getMessage());
}
logger.debug("In the absence of valid TGT, the authentication principal cannot be determined. Returning {}",
NullPrincipal.class.getSimpleName());
return NullPrincipal.getInstance();
}
}
通过上面的获取到的用户信息，并跳转到显示用户登录认证成功页面casGenericSuccessView.jsp。
6. 有service时到行为状态generateServiceTicket
当我们是通过http://localhost:8088/cas-client/客户端进行访问登录CAS单点登录服务端时，这个时候service参数就有值，那么会进入generateServiceTicket。
*login-webflow.xml：*
<action-state id="generateServiceTicket">
<evaluate expression="generateServiceTicketAction"/>
<transition on="success" to="warn"/>
<transition on="authenticationFailure" to="handleAuthenticationFailure"/>
<transition on="error" to="initializeLogin"/>
<transition on="gateway" to="gatewayServicesManagementCheck"/>
</action-state>
执行创建ST的表达式generateServiceTicketAction。
7. 执行表达式generateServiceTicketAction产生ST
表达式generateServiceTicketAction对应的GenerateServiceTicketAction.java类在cas-server-webapp-actions模块的org.jasig.cas.web.flow包中。中心认证服务器(centralAuthenticationService)根据TGT(ticketGrantingTicket)，产生ST(serviceTicketId),并放入上下文。
*GenerateServiceTicketAction.java*
@Component("generateServiceTicketAction")
public final class GenerateServiceTicketAction extends AbstractAction {
…………
@Override
protected Event doExecute(final RequestContext context) {
//对于通过cas单点登录客户端请求进入的，获取到对应的service
final Service service = WebUtils.getService(context);
//获取到tgt
final String ticketGrantingTicket = WebUtils.getTicketGrantingTicketId(context);
try {
//通过tgt获取到当前的登录认证信息
final Authentication authentication = ticketRegistrySupport.getAuthenticationFrom(ticketGrantingTicket);
if (authentication == null) {
throw new InvalidTicketException(new AuthenticationException(), ticketGrantingTicket);
}
final AuthenticationContextBuilder builder = new DefaultAuthenticationContextBuilder(
this.authenticationSystemSupport.getPrincipalElectionStrategy());
//通过认证信息和service形成认证结果集
final AuthenticationContext authenticationContext = builder.collect(authentication).build(service);
//通过tgt,service和认证结果集获取st
final ServiceTicket serviceTicketId = this.centralAuthenticationService
.grantServiceTicket(ticketGrantingTicket, service, authenticationContext);
//将st放入上下文中，并跳转到成功的事件上
WebUtils.putServiceTicketInRequestScope(context, serviceTicketId);
return success();
} catch (final AuthenticationException e) {
logger.error("Could not verify credentials to grant service ticket", e);
} catch (final AbstractTicketException e) {
//如果是无效的tgt，就销毁对应的tgt，跳转到错误的事件上
if (e instanceof InvalidTicketException) {
this.centralAuthenticationService.destroyTicketGrantingTicket(ticketGrantingTicket);
}
//判断是否有gateway参数，有就跳转到对应的行为状态
if (isGatewayPresent(context)) {
return result("gateway");
}
return newEvent(AbstractCasWebflowConfigurer.TRANSITION_ID_ERROR, e);
}
return error();
}
如果成功生成ServiceTicket，那么进入下一步《transition on=“success” to=“warn”/》。
8. 显示警告信息：warn
*login-webflow.xml：*
<!--
The "warn" action makes the determination of whether to redirect directly to the requested
service or display the "confirmation" page to go back to the server.
-->
<decision-state id="warn">
<if test="flowScope.warnCookieValue" then="showWarningView" else="redirect"/>
</decision-state>
需要注意的是：warnCookieValue是在InitialFlowSetupAction.java类中放入的，如果cookie里有警告，就在showWarningView里展示。本例没有警告，则进入redirect。
9. 重定向：redirect
*login-webflow.xml：*
<action-state id="redirect">
<evaluate expression="flowScope.service.getResponse(requestScope.serviceTicketId)" result-type="org.jasig.cas.authentication.principal.Response" result="requestScope.response"/>
<transition to="postRedirectDecision"/>
</action-state>
先判断表达式是否是要求的返回格式和对应的结果，本例为true，进行下一步：《transition to=“postRedirectDecision”/》
10. 判断响应类型：postRedirectDecision
*login-webflow.xml：*
<decision-state id="postRedirectDecision">
<if test="requestScope.response.responseType.name() == 'POST'" then="postView" else="redirectView"/>
</decision-state>
判断响应类型，在带有service参数的本例中responseType 为redirect方式，进入redirectView。
11. 重定向视图：redirectView
最后获取到重定向的地址，这个地址就是我们最开始的入参service所带的地址。重定向到CAS单点登录客户端。
*login-webflow.xml*
<!--
The "redirect" end state allows CAS to properly end the workflow while still redirecting
the user back to the service required.
-->
<end-state id="redirectView" view="externalRedirect:#{requestScope.response.url}"/>
直接重定向到客户端地址：http://localhost:8088/cas-client/ 。
至此，完成了我们流程图的第4步，结束了在有service的情况下的流程。页面直接展示了客户端的页面。
12. postView（本例不进入）
*login-webflow.xml：*
<end-state id="postView" view="postResponseView">
<on-entry>
<set name="requestScope.parameters" value="requestScope.response.attributes"/>
<set name="requestScope.originalUrl" value="flowScope.service.id"/>
</on-entry>
</end-state>
postView直接展示视图postResponseView，下面我们看一下这个视图所对应的jsp页面。
*\WEB-INF\spring-configuration\protocolViewsConfiguration.xml：*
<!-- Post View -->
<bean id="postResponseView" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"
c:url="/WEB-INF/view/jsp/protocol/casPostResponseView.jsp" />
postResponseView对应视图文件为casPostResponseView.jsp。webflow结束，进入视图postResponseView.jsp
*postResponseView.jsp*
<%@ page language="java" session="false"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<html>
<body onload="document.acsForm.submit();">
<form name="acsForm" action="<c:out value="${originalUrl}" escapeXml="true" />" method="post">
<div style="display: none">
<c:forEach items="${parameters}" var="entry">
<textarea rows=10 cols=80 name="${entry.key}"><c:out value="${entry.value}" escapeXml="true" /></textarea>
</c:forEach>
</div>
<noscript>
<p>You are being redirected to <c:out value="${originalUrl}" escapeXml="true" />. Please click "Continue" to continue your login.</p>
<p><input type="submit" value="Continue" /></p>
</noscript>
</form>
</body>
</html>
注意此form表单中的action为客户端地址。《body “document.acsForm.submit();”》用户浏览器加载后自动提交到客户端。
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