深度解读web.xml

对于那些乐于探索的小伙伴来说，不会仅仅止步于怎么配置web.xml文件，他们更会关注背后的秘密，今天我将

写下我的探索之路

<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" metadata-complete="true" version="3.0">
  <display-name>xx平台</display-name>
  <context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>
	classpath*:applicationContext.xml,xx.xml
    </param-value>
  </context-param>
  <listener>
    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
  </listener>
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>/WEB-INF/views/index.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>
</web-app>

相信web开发人员一定对上面的配置很熟悉，这是我节选自web.xml中的一小段配置，下面我将为大家讲述这段配置

背后的秘密，先看一张图：

complexType  "javaee:web-appType"

Namespace:	http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
Content:	complex, 3 attributes, 31 elements
Defined:	globally in web-app_2_5.xsd, see XML source
Includes:	definitions of 3 attributes and 17 elements
Used:	at 1 location

XML Representation Summary
<...
	id	=	xsd:ID
	metadata-complete	=	xsd:boolean
	version	=	"2.5"
	>
	Content:   ((javaee:description*, javaee:display-name*, javaee:icon*) | javaee:distributable | javaee:context-param | javaee:filter | javaee:filter-mapping | javaee:listener | javaee:servlet | javaee:servlet-mapping | javaee:session-config | javaee:mime-mapping | javaee:welcome-file-list | javaee:error-page | javaee:jsp-config | javaee:security-constraint | javaee:login-config | javaee:security-role | (javaee:env-entry*, javaee:ejb-ref*, javaee:ejb-local-ref*, javaee:service-ref*, javaee:resource-ref*, javaee:resource-env-ref*, javaee:message-destination-ref*, javaee:persistence-context-ref*, javaee:persistence-unit-ref*, javaee:post-construct*, javaee:pre-destroy*) | javaee:message-destination | javaee:locale-encoding-mapping-list)*
</...>

Content Elements (31):

javaee:context-param  (type  javaee:param-valueType ), javaee:description  (type  javaee:descriptionType ), javaee:display-name  (type  javaee:display-nameType ), javaee:distributable  (type  javaee:emptyType ), javaee:ejb-local-ref  (type  javaee:ejb-local-refType ), javaee:ejb-ref  (type  javaee:ejb-refType ), javaee:env-entry  (type  javaee:env-entryType ), javaee:error-page  (type  javaee:error-pageType ), javaee:filter  (type  javaee:filterType ), javaee:filter-mapping  (type  javaee:filter-mappingType ), javaee:icon  (type  javaee:iconType ), javaee:jsp-config  (type  javaee:jsp-configType ), javaee:listener  (type  javaee:listenerType ), javaee:locale-encoding-mapping-list  (type  javaee:locale-encoding-mapping-listType ), javaee:login-config  (type  javaee:login-configType ), javaee:message-destination  (type  javaee:message-destinationType ),

javaee:message-destination-ref  (type  javaee:message-destination-refType ), javaee:mime-mapping  (type  javaee:mime-mappingType ), javaee:persistence-context-ref  (type  javaee:persistence-context-refType ), javaee:persistence-unit-ref  (type  javaee:persistence-unit-refType ), javaee:post-construct  (type  javaee:lifecycle-callbackType ), javaee:pre-destroy  (type  javaee:lifecycle-callbackType ), javaee:resource-env-ref  (type  javaee:resource-env-refType ), javaee:resource-ref  (type  javaee:resource-refType ), javaee:security-constraint  (type  javaee:security-constraintType ), javaee:security-role  (type  javaee:security-roleType ), javaee:service-ref  (type  javaee:service-refType ), javaee:servlet  (type  javaee:servletType ), javaee:servlet-mapping  (type  javaee:servlet-mappingType ), javaee:session-config  (type  javaee:session-configType ), javaee:welcome-file-list  (type  javaee:welcome-file-listType )

All Direct / Indirect Based Elements (1):

javaee:web-app

通过上面的数据，相信大家应该明白web.xml可以按照文章开头配置的原因了吧。

如果还想了解context-param、error-page等一些配置的由来，可以点开具体的项：

比如javaee:error-page