QT5实现简单的TCP通信
瑟寒凌风 2018-10-23 10:05:25 9282
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分类专栏: QT开发
原文https://blog.csdn.net/u014695839/article/details/70041771/
这段时间用到了QT的TCP通信,做了初步的学习与尝试,编写了一个客户端和服务器基于窗口通信的小例程。
使用QT的网络套接字需要.pro文件中加入一句:
QT += network
一、客户端的编写
1、客户端的代码比服务器稍简单,总的来说,使用QT中的QTcpSocket类与服务器进行通信只需要以下5步:
(1)创建QTcpSocket套接字对象
socket = new QTcpSocket();
(2)使用这个对象连接服务器
socket->connectToHost(IP, port);
(3)使用write函数向服务器发送数据
socket->write(data);
(4)当socket接收缓冲区有新数据到来时,会发出readRead()信号,因此为该信号添加槽函数以读取数据
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QObject::connect(socket, &QTcpSocket::readyRead, this, &MainWindow::socket_Read_Data);
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void MainWindow::socket_Read_Data()
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{
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QByteArray buffer;
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//读取缓冲区数据
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buffer = socket->readAll();
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}
(5)断开与服务器的连接(关于close()和disconnectFromHost()的区别,可以按F1看帮助)
socket->disconnectFromHost();
2、以下是客户端的例程
首先是mainwindow.h文件:
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//mainwindow.h
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#ifndef MAINWINDOW_H
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#define MAINWINDOW_H
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#include <QMainWindow>
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#include <QTcpSocket>
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namespace Ui {
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class MainWindow;
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}
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class MainWindow : public QMainWindow
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{
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Q_OBJECT
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public:
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explicit MainWindow(QWidget *parent = 0);
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~MainWindow();
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private slots:
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void on_pushButton_Connect_clicked();
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void on_pushButton_Send_clicked();
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void socket_Read_Data();
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void socket_Disconnected();
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private:
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Ui::MainWindow *ui;
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QTcpSocket *socket;
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};
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#endif // MAINWINDOW_H
然后是mainwindow.cpp文件:
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//mainwindow.cpp
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#include "mainwindow.h"
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#include "ui_mainwindow.h"
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MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent) :
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QMainWindow(parent),
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ui(new Ui::MainWindow)
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{
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ui->setupUi(this);
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socket = new QTcpSocket();
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//连接信号槽
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QObject::connect(socket, &QTcpSocket::readyRead, this, &MainWindow::socket_Read_Data);
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QObject::connect(socket, &QTcpSocket::disconnected, this, &MainWindow::socket_Disconnected);
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ui->pushButton_Send->setEnabled(false);
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ui->lineEdit_IP->setText("127.0.0.1");
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ui->lineEdit_Port->setText("8765");
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}
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MainWindow::~MainWindow()
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{
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delete this->socket;
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delete ui;
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}
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void MainWindow::on_pushButton_Connect_clicked()
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{
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if(ui->pushButton_Connect->text() == tr("连接"))
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{
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QString IP;
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int port;
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//获取IP地址
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IP = ui->lineEdit_IP->text();
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//获取端口号
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port = ui->lineEdit_Port->text().toInt();
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//取消已有的连接
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socket->abort();
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//连接服务器
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socket->connectToHost(IP, port);
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//等待连接成功
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if(!socket->waitForConnected(30000))
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{
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qDebug() << "Connection failed!";
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return;
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}
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qDebug() << "Connect successfully!";
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//发送按键使能
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ui->pushButton_Send->setEnabled(true);
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//修改按键文字
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ui->pushButton_Connect->setText("断开连接");
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}
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else
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{
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//断开连接
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socket->disconnectFromHost();
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//修改按键文字
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ui->pushButton_Connect->setText("连接");
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ui->pushButton_Send->setEnabled(false);
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}
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}
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void MainWindow::on_pushButton_Send_clicked()
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{
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qDebug() << "Send: " << ui->textEdit_Send->toPlainText();
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//获取文本框内容并以ASCII码形式发送
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socket->write(ui->textEdit_Send->toPlainText().toLatin1());
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socket->flush();
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}
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void MainWindow::socket_Read_Data()
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{
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QByteArray buffer;
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//读取缓冲区数据
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buffer = socket->readAll();
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if(!buffer.isEmpty())
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{
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QString str = ui->textEdit_Recv->toPlainText();
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str+=tr(buffer);
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//刷新显示
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ui->textEdit_Recv->setText(str);
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}
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}
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void MainWindow::socket_Disconnected()
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{
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//发送按键失能
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ui->pushButton_Send->setEnabled(false);
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//修改按键文字
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ui->pushButton_Connect->setText("连接");
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qDebug() << "Disconnected!";
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}
最后是ui的设计:
二、服务器编写
1、服务器除了使用到了QTcpSocket类,还需要用到QTcpSever类。即便如此,也只是比客户端复杂一点点,用到了6个步骤:
(1)创建QTcpSever对象
server = new QTcpServer();
(2)侦听一个端口,使得客户端可以使用这个端口访问服务器
server->listen(QHostAddress::Any, port)
(3)当服务器被客户端访问时,会发出newConnection()信号,因此为该信号添加槽函数,并用一个QTcpSocket对象接受客户端访问
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connect(server,&QTcpServer::newConnection,this,&MainWindow::server_New_Connect);
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void MainWindow::server_New_Connect()
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{
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//获取客户端连接
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socket = server->nextPendingConnection();
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}
(4)使用socket的write函数向客户端发送数据
socket->write(data);
(5)当socket接收缓冲区有新数据到来时,会发出readRead()信号,因此为该信号添加槽函数以读取数据
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QObject::connect(socket, &QTcpSocket::readyRead, this, &MainWindow::socket_Read_Data);
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void MainWindow::socket_Read_Data()
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{
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QByteArray buffer;
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//读取缓冲区数据
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buffer = socket->readAll();
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}
(6)取消侦听
server->close();
2、以下是服务器的例程
首先是mainwindow.h文件:
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//mainwindow.h
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#ifndef MAINWINDOW_H
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#define MAINWINDOW_H
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#include <QMainWindow>
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#include <QTcpServer>
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#include <QTcpSocket>
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namespace Ui {
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class MainWindow;
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}
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class MainWindow : public QMainWindow
-
{
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Q_OBJECT
-
public:
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explicit MainWindow(QWidget *parent = 0);
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~MainWindow();
-
private slots:
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void on_pushButton_Listen_clicked();
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void on_pushButton_Send_clicked();
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void server_New_Connect();
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void socket_Read_Data();
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void socket_Disconnected();
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private:
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Ui::MainWindow *ui;
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QTcpServer* server;
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QTcpSocket* socket;
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};
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#endif // MAINWINDOW_H
然后是mainwindow.cpp文件:
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#include "mainwindow.h"
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#include "ui_mainwindow.h"
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MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent) :
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QMainWindow(parent),
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ui(new Ui::MainWindow)
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{
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ui->setupUi(this);
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ui->lineEdit_Port->setText("8765");
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ui->pushButton_Send->setEnabled(false);
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server = new QTcpServer();
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//连接信号槽
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connect(server,&QTcpServer::newConnection,this,&MainWindow::server_New_Connect);
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}
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MainWindow::~MainWindow()
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{
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server->close();
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server->deleteLater();
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delete ui;
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}
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void MainWindow::on_pushButton_Listen_clicked()
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{
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if(ui->pushButton_Listen->text() == tr("侦听"))
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{
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//从输入框获取端口号
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int port = ui->lineEdit_Port->text().toInt();
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//监听指定的端口
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if(!server->listen(QHostAddress::Any, port))
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{
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//若出错,则输出错误信息
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qDebug()<<server->errorString();
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return;
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}
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//修改按键文字
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ui->pushButton_Listen->setText("取消侦听");
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qDebug()<< "Listen succeessfully!";
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}
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else
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{
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/*
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//如果正在连接(点击侦听后立即取消侦听,若socket没有指定对象会有异常,应修正——2017.9.30)
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if(socket->state() == QAbstractSocket::ConnectedState)
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{
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//关闭连接
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socket->disconnectFromHost();
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}
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*/
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socket->abort();
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//取消侦听
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server->close();
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//修改按键文字
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ui->pushButton_Listen->setText("侦听");
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//发送按键失能
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ui->pushButton_Send->setEnabled(false);
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}
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}
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void MainWindow::on_pushButton_Send_clicked()
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{
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qDebug() << "Send: " << ui->textEdit_Send->toPlainText();
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//获取文本框内容并以ASCII码形式发送
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socket->write(ui->textEdit_Send->toPlainText().toLatin1());
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socket->flush();
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}
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void MainWindow::server_New_Connect()
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{
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//获取客户端连接
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socket = server->nextPendingConnection();
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//连接QTcpSocket的信号槽,以读取新数据
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QObject::connect(socket, &QTcpSocket::readyRead, this, &MainWindow::socket_Read_Data);
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QObject::connect(socket, &QTcpSocket::disconnected, this, &MainWindow::socket_Disconnected);
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//发送按键使能
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ui->pushButton_Send->setEnabled(true);
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qDebug() << "A Client connect!";
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}
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void MainWindow::socket_Read_Data()
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{
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QByteArray buffer;
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//读取缓冲区数据
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buffer = socket->readAll();
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if(!buffer.isEmpty())
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{
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QString str = ui->textEdit_Recv->toPlainText();
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str+=tr(buffer);
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//刷新显示
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ui->textEdit_Recv->setText(str);
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}
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}
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void MainWindow::socket_Disconnected()
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{
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//发送按键失能
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ui->pushButton_Send->setEnabled(false);
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qDebug() << "Disconnected!";
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}
最后是ui的设计: