观察者模式定义
观察者模式:在对象之间定义一对多的依赖,这样依赖,当一个对象改变状态,依赖它的对象们都会收到通知,并自动更新。—— Head First
观察者模式四步走
- 首先确定这个一对多关系中的“一”和“多”,其中“一”为主题(Subject),“多”为观察者(Observer)
- 创建两个接口,主题接口和观察者接口,主题接口中定义观察者的增加addObserver(),删除deleteObserver(),通知notifyObserver()和改变主题数据setChanged()的方法。在观察者接口中定义更新update()方法
- 创建主题类来实现主题接口,另外增加获取主题数据的get方法。同时创建不同的观察者类来实现观察者接口。
- 建立主题(可观察者)和观察者的关系,即在观察者类中定义主题接口的引用变量(组合),而让观察者接口的引用变量成为主题类里面的addObserver()和deleteObserver()方法的形参。
观察者模式 - Java实现
主题接口RateSubject:
public interface RateSubject {
public void registerUser(UserObserver o);
public void removeUser(UserObserver o);
public void notifyUsers();
}
观察者接口UserObserver:
public interface UserObserver {
public void update(double dollarRate, double euroRate, double gbpRate);
}
展示接口DisplayData:
public interface DisplayData {
public void display();
}
主题实现类:
import java.util.ArrayList;
public class RateData implements RateSubject {
private ArrayList users;
private double dollarRate;
private double euroRate;
private double gbpRate;
public RateData() {
users = new ArrayList();
}
public void registerUser(UserObserver o){
users.add(o);
}
public void removeUser(UserObserver o){
int i = users.indexOf(o);
if(i>=0){
users.remove(i);
}
}
public void notifyUsers(){
for(int i=0; i<users.size(); i++){
UserObserver userObserver = (UserObserver)users.get(i);
userObserver.update(dollarRate, euroRate, gbpRate);
}
}
public void rateChanged(){
notifyUsers();
}
public void setRate(double dollarRate, double euroRate, double gbpRate) {
this.dollarRate = dollarRate;
this.euroRate = euroRate;
this.gbpRate = gbpRate;
rateChanged();
}
}
观察者1实现类:
public class User1 implements UserObserver, DisplayData {
private double dollarRate;
private double euroRate;
private double gbpRate;
private RateSubject rateData;
public User1(RateSubject rateData){
this.rateData = rateData;
rateData.registerUser(this);
}
public void update(double dollarRate, double euroRate, double gbpRate){
this.dollarRate = dollarRate;
this.euroRate = euroRate;
this.gbpRate = gbpRate;
display();
}
public void display(){
System.out.println("User1-> Dollar: " + dollarRate + " Euro: " + euroRate + " GBP: " + gbpRate);
}
}
观察者2实现类:
public class User2 implements UserObserver, DisplayData {
private double dollarRate;
private double euroRate;
private double gbpRate;
private RateSubject rateData;
public User2(RateSubject rateData){
this.rateData = rateData;
rateData.registerUser(this);
}
public void update(double dollarRate, double euroRate, double gbpRate){
this.dollarRate = dollarRate;
this.euroRate = euroRate;
this.gbpRate = gbpRate;
display();
}
public void display(){
System.out.println("User2-> Dollar: " + dollarRate +" Euro: " + euroRate);
}
}
输出结果: