多线程在微服务API统计和健康检查中的使用

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-13 15:02:19 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-08-13 15:02:19 发布

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分类专栏：微服务文章标签：微服务

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/jrn1012/article/details/76763585

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API统计

在服务调用的时候，统计每个接口的调用次数，从而做到对接口的限流或统计。

在下面的代码中，使用了多线程的方式进行统计，主要使用了如下概念

线程池 Executor
ConcurrentHashMap
CountDownLatch

其中列举了四种实现方式

1 使用ConcurrentHashMap统计：不过该方法存在问题，统计的increase不是线程安全的，所以得到的结果不对
2 使用CAS理念对ConcurrentHashMap进行改进，从而解决自增方法increase的问题
3 使用Google的AtomicLongMap，原理同CAS一致，代码量小，比较优雅
4 对HashMap加锁ReentrantReadWriteLock

使用ConcurrentHashMap统计

package concurrent;

import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

/**
 * Java 并发实践- ConcurrentHashMap 与 CAS
 * API调用次数统计
 * 涉及概念： 多线程/线程池/ConcurrentHashMap/CountDownLatch
 * @author billjiang 
 * @createTime 2017-08-04
 */
public class CounterDemo {
    private final Map<String, Long> urlCounter = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();



    /**
     * 接口调用次数，此方法存在问题,ConcurrentHashMap的原子方法是同步的，但increase方法没有同步
     * @param url
     * @return
     */
    public long increase(String url) {
        Long oldValue=urlCounter.get(url);
        Long newValue=(oldValue==null)?1l:oldValue+1;
        urlCounter.put(url,newValue);
        return newValue;
    }

    //获取调用次数
    public long getCount(String url){
        return urlCounter.get(url);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ExecutorService executorService= Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
        final CounterDemo counterDemo=new CounterDemo();
        int callTime=100000;
        final String url="http://localhost:8082/test";
        CountDownLatch countDownLatch=new CountDownLatch(callTime);

        //模拟并发情况下的接口调用统计
        for (int i = 0; i < callTime; i++) {
            executorService.execute(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    counterDemo.increase2(url);
                    countDownLatch.countDown();
                }
            });
        }

        try{
            countDownLatch.await();
        }catch (InterruptedException e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        executorService.shutdown();

        //等待所有线程统计完成后输出调用次数
        System.out.println("调用次数："+counterDemo.getCount(url));

    }
}

ConcurrentHashMap

从结果上看，使用ConcurrentHashMap存在问题，没有输出预期结果，这是因为ConcurrentHashMap虽然是线程安全的，不过它的线程安全指的是get和put等原子方法。而方法increase却不是线程安全的，当然可以通过对increase方法加锁（使用synchonized关键字），不过synchonized是悲观锁，其他线程要挂起等待，影响性能。可以使用类似乐观锁CAS对increase改进。

使用CAS对increase方法改进

关于CAS，可参考这篇文章：

深入浅出Java并发包—CAS机制

改进后的increase方法如下：

  /**
     * CAS 乐观锁/自旋
     * @param url
     * @return
     */
    public long increase2(String url){
        Long oldValue,newValue;
        while(true){
            oldValue=urlCounter.get(url);
            if(oldValue==null){
                newValue=1l;
                //初始化成功，退出循环
                if(urlCounter.putIfAbsent(url,1l)==null)
                    break;
                //如果初始化失败，说明其他线程已经初始化了
            }else{
                newValue=oldValue+1;
                //+1成功，退出循环
                if(urlCounter.replace(url,oldValue,newValue)){
                    break;
                    //如果+1失败，则说明其他线程已经修改过了旧值
                }
            }
        }
        return newValue;
    }

不过还有更简单的方法，就是使用AtomicLongMap

使用Google的AtomicLongMap

AtomicLongMap<String> urlCounter3 = AtomicLongMap.create(); //线程安全，支持并发
public long increase3(String url){
     return urlCounter3.incrementAndGet(url);
}

传统做法，对HashMap加锁

 Map<String, Integer> map = new HashMap<String, Integer>(); //线程不安全
 ReentrantReadWriteLock lock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock(); //为map2增加并发锁

 public long increase4(String url){
    //对map2添加写锁，可以解决线程并发问题
        lock.writeLock().lock();
    try{
        if(map.containsKey(key)){
            map.put(key, map.get(key)+1);
        }else{
            map.put(key, 1);
        }
    }catch(Exception ex){
        ex.printStackTrace();
    }finally{
        lock.writeLock().unlock();
    }
 }

上文中提到的CountDownLatch的概念可参考：

CountDownLatch

什么时候使用CountDownLatch

健康检查

场景：服务注册中心需要定时对服务提供者进行心跳检测，即定时调用服务提供者的特定借口，如果返回正常状态吗，则认为服务正常，否则，认为服务提供者异常，在注册中心显示为Down状态，如Consul的服务健康检查机制与之类似。

下面使用CountDownLatch和线程池模拟这种实现。

思路

首先定义一个应用程序启动类，它开始时启动了n个线程类，这些线程将检查外部系统并通知闭锁，并且启动类一直在闭锁上等待着。一旦验证和检查了所有外部服务，那么启动类恢复执行。

实现

BaseHealthChecker：基础健康检查类，实现Runable接口，包含CountDownLatch, ServiceName(服务名称),ServiceUp(服务状态)，其中verifyService 为具体继承该类的子类要实现的方法。

package concurrent.health;

import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;

public abstract class BaseHealthChecker implements Runnable {

    private CountDownLatch countDownLatch;

    private String serviceName;

    private boolean serviceUp;

    public BaseHealthChecker(String serviceName,CountDownLatch countDownLatch){
        super();
        this.serviceName=serviceName;
        this.countDownLatch=countDownLatch;
        this.serviceUp=false;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        try{
            verifySerivce();
            serviceUp=true;
        }catch (Throwable t){
            t.printStackTrace(System.err);
            serviceUp=false;
        }finally {
            if(countDownLatch!=null)
                countDownLatch.countDown();
        }

    }


    public String getServiceName() {
        return serviceName;
    }

    public boolean isServiceUp() {
        return serviceUp;
    }

    //this method need to be implemented by all specific service checker
    public abstract void verifySerivce();

}

DatabaseHealthChecker：数据库健康检查类

package concurrent.health;

import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;

public class DataBaseHealthChecker extends BaseHealthChecker {

    public DataBaseHealthChecker(CountDownLatch countDownLatch) {
        super("database service", countDownLatch);
    }

    @Override
    public void verifySerivce() {
        System.out.println("Checking " + this.getServiceName());
        try {
            Thread.sleep(7000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(this.getServiceName() + " is UP");
    }
}

FileHealthChecker：文件服务健康检查（UserHealthChecker类似）

package concurrent.health;

import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;

public class FileHealthChecker extends BaseHealthChecker {

    public FileHealthChecker(CountDownLatch countDownLatch) {
        super("file service", countDownLatch);
    }

    @Override
    public void verifySerivce() {
        System.out.println("Checking " + this.getServiceName());
        try {
            Thread.sleep(7000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(this.getServiceName() + " is UP");
    }
}

ApplicationStartupUtil：服务注册中心调用发起方的主类，在系统启动的时候发起健康检测请求。

package concurrent.health;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

public class ApplicationStartupUtil {
    //list of service checker
    private static List<BaseHealthChecker> checkers;

    //this latch will be used to wait on
    private static CountDownLatch countDownLatch;

    //singleton
    private ApplicationStartupUtil() {

    }

    private static ApplicationStartupUtil applicationStartupUtil = new ApplicationStartupUtil();

    public static ApplicationStartupUtil getInstance() {
        return applicationStartupUtil;
    }

    public static boolean checkExternalServices() throws InterruptedException {
        //init the latch with the number of service checks
        countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(3);

        //add all service checks into the list
        checkers = new ArrayList<>();
        checkers.add(new DataBaseHealthChecker(countDownLatch));
        checkers.add(new UserHealthChecker(countDownLatch));
        checkers.add(new FileHealthChecker(countDownLatch));

        //start service checks using executor framework
        ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(checkers.size());
        for (BaseHealthChecker checker : checkers) {
            executor.execute(checker);
        }

        //now wait all services checked
        countDownLatch.await();

        //service checkers are finished and now proceed startup
        for (BaseHealthChecker checker : checkers) {
            if (!checker.isServiceUp()) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;


    }
}

测试

测试方法

package concurrent.health;

public class TestMain {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        boolean result = false;
        try {
            result = ApplicationStartupUtil.checkExternalServices();
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            ex.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println("External services validation completed !! Result was :: " + result);
    }

}

结果

Checking database service
Checking file service
Checking user service
database service is UP
user service is UP
file service is UP
External services validation completed !! Result was :: true

本文参考了什么时候使用CountDownLatch