SpringMvc的简单入门(一)

一.什么是Springmvc

SpringMVC属于SpringFrameWork的后续产品。Spring 框架提供了构建 Web 应用程序的全功能 MVC 模块。使用 Spring 可插入的 MVC架构，从而在使用Spring进行WEB开发时，可以选择使用Spring的SpringMVC框架或集成其他MVC开发框架，如Struts1，Struts2等.

二.springmvc的框架结构

三.springmvc的简单应用

创建maven项目，在pom.xml中配置架包

<!-- 配置springmvc的架包 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
			<version>4.3.12.RELEASE</version>
		</dependency>

在web.xml中配置springmvc的配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.5" 
	xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" 
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee 
	http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
	
	
	
	<!-- 解决乱码问题 -->
  <filter>
		<filter-name>myFilterone</filter-name>
		<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
	<init-param>
		<!-- encoding只是设计request -->
		<param-name>encoding</param-name>
		<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
	</init-param>
	<!-- request和response都设计 -->
	<init-param>
		<param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
		<param-value>true</param-value>
	</init-param>
	</filter>
	<filter-mapping>
		<filter-name>myFilterone</filter-name>
		<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
	</filter-mapping>
	
	<!-- 在使用springmvc的标签或者国际化 都需要spring的支持 -->
	<context-param>
		<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
		<param-value>classpath:/spring.xml</param-value>
	</context-param>
	<listener>
		<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
	</listener>
		<!-- 请求method支持put和delete必须添加过滤器 -->
	<filter>
		<filter-name>myFilter</filter-name>
		<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class>
	</filter>
	
	<filter-mapping>
		<filter-name>myFilter</filter-name>
		<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
	</filter-mapping>
	
	<!-- springmvc配置 -->
 <servlet>
  	<servlet-name>mvc</servlet-name>
  	<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
  	<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>	
  <servlet-mapping>
  	<servlet-name>mvc</servlet-name>
  	<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
	
	<!-- freemarker配置 -->
  <servlet>
  <servlet-name>freemarker</servlet-name>
  <servlet-class>freemarker.ext.servlet.FreemarkerServlet</servlet-class>
    
  <!-- 模板的查找路径  从上下文根路径查找 模板 ftl-->
  <init-param>
    <param-name>TemplatePath</param-name>
    <param-value>/</param-value>
  </init-param>
  <!-- 是否不需要缓存 -->
  <init-param>
    <param-name>NoCache</param-name>
    <param-value>true</param-value>
  </init-param>
  <!-- 最终显示是html -->
  <init-param>
    <param-name>ContentType</param-name>
    <param-value>text/html;charset=UTF-8</param-value>
  </init-param>
    
  <!-- FreeMarker settings: -->
  <init-param>
    <param-name>template_update_delay</param-name>
    <param-value>0</param-value> <!-- 0 is for development only! Use higher value otherwise. -->
  </init-param>
  <init-param>
    <param-name>default_encoding</param-name>
    <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
  </init-param>
  <!-- 数字的格式 -->
  <init-param>
    <param-name>number_format</param-name>
    <param-value>0.##</param-value>
  </init-param>
  <!-- servlet 容器启动时实例化 -->
  <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>

<servlet-mapping>
  <servlet-name>freemarker</servlet-name>
  <url-pattern>*.ftl</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping> 
 
 
 
  
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>
  </web-app>

在WEB-INF下必须有个mvc-servlet.xml的文件才能启动成功

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
	xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
	xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
	xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.2.xsd
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.2.xsd
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx  http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.1.xsd
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop  http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.2.xsd
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc  http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.2.xsd
	">
	<!-- 扫描bean -->
  <context:component-scan base-package="springmvc"></context:component-scan>
  <!-- springmvc 配置拦截  / 所有资源都被拦截 图片无法展示  将除控制层以外的资源交回给servlet处理 -->
  <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
  <!-- 将springmvc注解的action交给springmvc处理 -->
  
  <mvc:annotation-driven  validator="localValidatorFactoryBean">
  	<mvc:message-converters>
  	<!-- 配置json消息转换器 -->
  		<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter">
  			<property name="supportedMediaTypes">
  				<list>
  					<value>text/html</value>
  					<value>application/x-www-form-urlencoded</value>
  				</list>
  			</property>
  		</bean>
  	</mvc:message-converters>
  </mvc:annotation-driven>
  <bean id="localValidatorFactoryBean" class="org.springframework.validation.beanvalidation.LocalValidatorFactoryBean">
  	<property name="validationMessageSource" ref="messageSource"></property>
  </bean>

   
  
  <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
  	<property name="prefix" value="/"></property>
  	<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
  </bean>
  <!-- 该拦截器用于拦截URL上参数 -->
  <mvc:interceptors>
  	<bean id="localeChangeInterceptor" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.i18n.LocaleChangeInterceptor">
  	<!-- 没传就读浏览器的 -->
  	<property name="paramName" value="a"></property>
  	</bean>
  	<mvc:interceptor>
  		<mvc:mapping path="/tm"/>
  		<bean class="springmvc.less05.controller.MyInterController"></bean>
  	</mvc:interceptor>
  </mvc:interceptors>
  <!-- 参数需要被临时存储在某个地方 当用户再次访问使用之前设置的参数 -->
  <bean id="localeResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.i18n.SessionLocaleResolver">
  </bean>
  
  <!-- 启用文件上传 -->
  <bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
     <!-- 限制上传文件大小 5M -->
  	 <property name="maxUploadSize" value="5242880"></property>
  </bean>
  <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:/jdbc.properties"/>
   <bean id="dataSource"  class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
     <property name="url" value="${url}" ></property>
     <property name="username" value="${userName1}" ></property>
     <property name="password" value="${password}" ></property>
     <property name="driverClassName" value="${driverClassName}" ></property>
   </bean>
   <!-- 事务管理器  不再使用jdbc的commit和rollback 必须由事务管理器提供 -->
   <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
     <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property> 
   </bean>
   <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
   	   <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property> 
   </bean>
   <!-- 定义通知  通知的代码 spring已经实现  -->
   <tx:advice id="myAdvise"  transaction-manager="transactionManager">
	   	<tx:attributes>
	   		<tx:method name="update*"/>
	   		<tx:method name="save*"/>
	   		<tx:method name="delete*"/>
	   		<tx:method name="select*" read-only="true"/>
	   	</tx:attributes>
   </tx:advice>
   
   <aop:config>
   	<aop:pointcut expression="execution(* springmvc.*.*.*.*(..))  " id="myPoint"/>
    <aop:advisor advice-ref="myAdvise" pointcut-ref="myPoint"/>
   </aop:config>
</beans>

简单的应用

package springmvc.less01.hellow;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

/**
 * springmvc中一个路径和方法的映射叫做一个action(动作)
 */
@Controller
public class HelloController {
	@RequestMapping("/text")
	public String add(HttpServletResponse response,HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException{
		response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
		response.getWriter().println("你好 springmvc="+request.getParameter("id"));
		return null;
	}
	@RequestMapping("/param")
	public String updete(User user,HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException{
		response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
		response.getWriter().println(user.getId()+"--"+user.getName());
		return null;
	}
	@RequestMapping("/mvc")
	public String mvc(HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException{
		request.setAttribute("name", "zs");
		return "/index.jsp";
	}
}

四.Restful风格设计概念

      REST，即RepresentationalState Transfer的缩写。"表现层状态转化"。研究计算机科学两大前沿----软件和网络----的交叉点

    "表现层"其实指的是"资源"（Resources）的"表现层"。所谓"资源"，就是网络上的一个实体，或者说是网络上的一个具体信息。它可以是一段文本、一张图片、一首歌曲、一种服务，总之就是一个具体的实在。你可以用一个URI（统一资源定位符）指向它，每种资源对应一个特定的URI。要获取这个资源，访问它的URI就可以，因此URI就成了每一个资源的地址或独一无二的识别符。

    restful URI的设计不该包含动词。因为"资源"表示一种实体，所以应该是名词，URI不应该有动词，动词应该放在HTTP协议中。

举例来说，某个URI是/arcticle/show/1，其中show是动词，这个URI就设计错了，正确的写法应该是/arcticle/1，然后用GET方法表示show。

  优质Web架构五条关键原则列举如下：

Ø为所有“事物”定义ID

Ø将所有事物链接在一起 (超链接)

Ø使用标准方法 （Get Post Delete Put）

Ø资源多重表述 (针对不同的需求提供资源多重表述 arcticle/1 )

Ø无状态通信 (节省服务器内存)

对资源的操作就是一个动作(GET(查) | POST(新增) | PUT(修改) | DELETE (删除) )

rest是一种设计风格 设计资源的标识符

http://localhost:8080/s/deleteUser?id=1(标准http协议 资源定义方式)

http://localhost:8080/s/user/1(rest风格)

rest风格的controller

package springmvc.less01.hellow;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;

/**
 * 浏览器的提交方式必须和@RequestMapping指定的资源动作必须一致
 * 否则抛出405
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
@Controller
public class RestController {
	/**
	 * /user/2==/user/{userid=2}
	 * @return
	 */
	@RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.GET)
	public String index(@PathVariable(value="id") String userid){
		
		return "/less01/user.jsp";
	}
	@RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.PUT)
	public String updateUser(@PathVariable(value="id") String userid,String name,HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException{
		response.getWriter().println(userid+name+"update");
		return null;
	}
	
	@RequestMapping(value="/user",method=RequestMethod.POST)
	public String aauser(String name,HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException{
		response.getWriter().println(name+"add");
		return null;
	}
	
	@RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.DELETE)
	public String deleteUser(@PathVariable(value="id") String userid,HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException{
		response.getWriter().println(userid+"delete");
		return null;
	}
}

jsp页面

  <body algin="centet">
  <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/1" method="post">
  	<input type="hidden" name="_method" value="put">
 	<input type="text" name="name">
 	<input type="submit" value="上传"/> 
  </form>