xpath解析库

最新推荐文章于 2024-03-29 17:18:32 发布

Strict Flora

最新推荐文章于 2024-03-29 17:18:32 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/jsxingmang/article/details/98842446

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爬虫解析库

xpath解析库数据原理：

1.根据网页DOM树定位节点标签
2.获取节点标签的征文文本即与属性值

xpath 安装，使用步骤

1.xpath安装：pip install lxml

import requests 导入requests模块
from lxml import etree #导入解析库

url = ‘https://www.qiushibaike.com/’
headers = {
“User-Agent”:‘Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/75.0.3770.142 Safari/537.36’
}

res = requests.get(url=url, headers=headers) 发起请求

tree = etree.HTML(res.text)
title_lst = tree.xpath(’//ul/li/div/a/text()’) xpath解析数据
for item in title_lst:
print(item)

from lxml import etree

tree = etree.HTML(res.text)
tree = etree.parse(res.html, etree.HTMLParse())

tag_or_attr = tree.xpath(‘xpath表达式’)

xpath解析本地文件

import requests
from lxml import etree

url = ‘https://www.qiushibaike.com/’
headers = {
“User-Agent”:‘Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/75.0.3770.142 Safari/537.36’
}

res = requests.get(url=url, headers=headers)
with open(‘qb.html’, ‘w’, encoding=‘utf-8’) as f:
f.write(res.text)

tree = etree.parse(’./qb.html’, etree.HTMLParser())
title_lst = tree.xpath(’//ul/li/div/a/text()’)
for item in title_lst:
print(item)

xpath语法

1.常用规则:
1. nodename: 节点名定位
2. //: 从当前节点选取子孙节点
3. /: 从当前节点选取直接子节点
4. nodename[@attribute="…"] 根据属性定位标签
5. @attributename: 获取属性
6. text(): 获取文本

2.属性匹配两种情况:
多属性匹配 & 单属性多值匹配
2.1 多属性匹配
示例: tree.xpath(’//div[@class=“item” and @name=“test”]/text()’)
2.2 单属性多值匹配
示例: tree.xpath(’//div[contains(@class, “dc”)]/text()’)

3.按序选择:
3.1 索引定位: 从1开始
3.2 last()函数
3.3 position()函数

解析示例: 示例解析的是本地文件

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Xpath练习文件</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="007">
    "我是div标签的文字内容, 和下面的p标签还有div标签是同级的哦"
    <p>这是p标签内的文字内容</p>
    <div>这是p标签同级的div标签</div>
</div>

<div class="divtag">
    <ul>
        <li>第1个li标签</li>
        <li>第2个li标签</li>
        <li>第3个li标签</li>
        <li>第4个li标签</li>
        <li>第5个li标签</li>
    </ul>
    <a href="https://www.baidu.com">这是百度的跳转连接</a>
</div>


<div class="c1" name="laoda">老大在此</div>
<div class="c1 c3" name="laoer">老二任性, class有两个值</div>
<div class="c1" name="laosan">我是老三</div>

</body>
</html>

from lxml import etree

tree = etree.parse('./x.html', etree.HTMLParser())

# 1.根据节点名, 即nodename定位title标签, 获取标签内文字
title_text = tree.xpath('//title/text()')
print(title_text)

# 2.根据节点属性定位: 定位id为007的div标签
div_007 = tree.xpath('//div[@id="007"]')
print(div_007)

# 3.示例直接子节点与子孙节点:/, //
div_007_one = tree.xpath('//div[@id="007"]/text()')
print(div_007_one)
div_007_two = tree.xpath('//div[@id="007"]//text()')
print(div_007_two)

# 4.获取a标签的href属性
a_href = tree.xpath('//div[@class="divtag"]/a/@href')
print(a_href)

# 4.多属性定位: 根据class属性和name属性定位div标签
div_two_attr = tree.xpath('//div[@class="c1" and @name="laoda"]/text()')
print(div_two_attr)

# 5.属性多值定位: 定位所有class中有c1的div标签
div_c1 = tree.xpath('//div[contains(@class, "c1")]')

# 6.按序定位
li_first = tree.xpath('//div[@class="divtag"]/ul/li[1]/text()')  # 定位第一个li标签, 获取其文本
print(li_first)

li_last = tree.xpath('//div[@class="divtag"]/ul/li[last()]/text()')  # 定位最后一个li标签
print(li_last)

li_daotwo = tree.xpath('//div[@class="divtag"]/ul/li[last()-1]/text()')  # 定位倒数第二个li标签
print(li_daotwo)

li_qianthree = tree.xpath('//div[@class="divtag"]/ul/li[position()<4]/text()')  # 定位前三个li标签
print(li_qianthree)