Android 截屏实现的几种方式

jun_tong

已于 2023-04-04 11:36:50 修改

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文章标签： android webview java

于 2023-03-28 10:54:45 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/jun_tong/article/details/129811578

版权

本文详细介绍了Android平台上的四种截屏方式：View截屏，包括如何截取特定控件或区域；WebView截屏，列出了不同方法的实现，包括废弃和最新的API；系统截屏，涉及MediaProjection、Surface、PixelCopy等技术，以及需要root权限的方法；最后提到了adb命令行截屏。这些方法覆盖了从应用程序内截图到系统级别的屏幕捕获需求。

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Android 截屏分为四种：View 截屏、WebView 截屏、系统截屏和 adb 截屏

image.png

1、View 截屏

View 截图是将当前 View 界面截取下来，而对于屏幕上其他信息比如：状态栏或其他应用的界面将无法截取。

1.1 截取除了导航栏之外的屏幕

    // 开始截屏
    private static byte[] screenshotView() {

        // ⬇⬇⬇ 可直接放入点击事件中 ⬇⬇⬇
        View view = getWindow().getDecorView(); // view可以替换成你需要截图的控件，如父控件 RelativeLayout，LinearLayout
        // view.setDrawingCacheEnabled(true); // 设置缓存，可用于实时截图
        Bitmap bitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(view.getWidth(), view.getHeight(), Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888);
        Canvas canvas = new Canvas(bitmap);
        view.draw(canvas);
        // view.setDrawingCacheEnabled(false); // 清空缓存，可用于实时截图

        String bitmapString = getBitmapString(bitmap); // 位图转 Base64 String
        // byte[] drawByte = getBitmapByte(bitmap); // 位图转为 Byted

        Log.d("111111 合并>>", "bitmapString ====:" + bitmapString);
        matting_img02.setImageBitmap(bitmap); // ImageView控件直接图片展示截好的图片
        // ⬆⬆⬆ 可直接放入点击事件中 ⬆⬆⬆

        return drawByte;
    }

    // 位图转 Base64 String
    private static String getBitmapString(Bitmap bitmap) {
        String result = null;
        ByteArrayOutputStream out = null;
        try {
            if (bitmap != null) {
                out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
                bitmap.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.PNG, 100, out);

                out.flush();
                out.close();

                byte[] bitmapBytes = out.toByteArray();
                result = Base64.encodeToString(bitmapBytes, Base64.DEFAULT); // Base64.DEFAULT会自动换行，传给前端会报错，所以要用Base64.NO_WRAP
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                if (out != null) {
                    out.flush();
                    out.close();
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    // 位图转 Byte
    private static byte[] getBitmapByte(Bitmap bitmap) {
        ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        // 参数1转换类型，参数2压缩质量，参数3字节流资源
        bitmap.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.PNG, 100, out);
        try {
            out.flush();
            out.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return out.toByteArray();
    }

1.2 截取某个控件或者区域

// 方法1
private static byte[] screenshotView1() {
  View view = title;
  view.setDrawingCacheEnabled(true);
  view.buildDrawingCache();
  Bitmap bitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(view.getDrawingCache());
  byte[] drawByte = getBitmapByte(bitmap);
  return drawByte;
}

// 方法2
private static byte[] screenshotView2() {
  View view = title;
  Bitmap bitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(view.getWidth(), view.getHeight(), Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888);
  // 使用 Canvas，调用自定义 view 控件的 onDraw 方法，绘制图片
  Canvas canvas = new Canvas(bitmap);
  dView.draw(canvas);
  byte[] drawByte = getBitmapByte(bitmap);
  return drawByte;
}

2、WebView 截屏

WebView 截屏有四种方式

2.1 使用 capturePicture() 方法（已废弃）
private static byte[] screenshotWebView() {
Picture picture = webview.capturePicture();
//创建位图
Bitmap bitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(picture.getWidth(), picture.getHeight(), Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888);
Canvas canvas = new Canvas(bitmap);
// 绘制(会调用 native 方法，完成图形绘制)
picture.draw(canvas);
byte[] drawByte = getBitmapByte(bitmap);
return drawByte;
}

2.2 使用 getScale() 方法（已废弃）

private static byte[] screenshotWebView() {
float scale = webView.getScale();
int webViewHeight = (int) (webView.getContentHeight()*scale+0.5);
Bitmap bitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(webView.getWidth(),webViewHeight, Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888);
Canvas canvas = new Canvas(bitmap);
webView.draw(canvas);
byte[] drawByte = getBitmapByte(bitmap);
return drawByte;
}

2.3 使用 getDrawingCache() 方法

private static byte[] screenshotWebView() {
Bitmap bitmap = webView.getDrawingCache();
byte[] drawByte = getBitmapByte(bmp);
return drawByte;
}

2.4 使用 draw() 方法

private static byte[] screenshotWebView() {
// webView.setDrawingCacheEnabled(true); // 设置缓存
Bitmap bitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(webView.getWidth(), webView.getHeight(), Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888);
Canvas canvas = new Canvas(bitmap);
webView.draw(canvas);
webView.destroyDrawingCache();
byte[] drawByte = getBitmapByte(bitmap);
// webView.setDrawingCacheEnabled(false); // 清空缓存
return drawByte;
}

2.5 截长图配置

if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP) {
WebView.enableSlowWholeDocumentDraw();
}
setContentView(R.layout.activity_webview);

WebView 截图可能截取不到 cavans 元素，原因是开启了硬件加速，可在 AndroidManifest.xml 中设置属性 android:hardwareAccelerated="false"

关闭硬件加速可能导致页面出现意外情况

3、系统截屏

3.1 MediaProjection

public static final int REQUEST_MEDIA_PROJECTION = 10001;
// 申请截屏权限
private void getScreenShotPower() {
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
MediaProjectionManager mProjectionManager = (MediaProjectionManager) getSystemService(Context.MEDIA_PROJECTION_SERVICE);
if (mProjectionManager != null) {
startActivityForResult(mProjectionManager.createScreenCaptureIntent(), REQUEST_MEDIA_PROJECTION);
}
}
}

private MediaProjection mMediaProjection;
// 回调
@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
if (requestCode == REQUEST_MEDIA_PROJECTION && data != null) {
if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
MediaProjection mediaProjection = mMediaProjectionManager.getMediaProjection(resultCode, data);
if (mediaProjection == null) {
Toast.makeText(this,"程序发生错误:MediaProjection@1",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
return;
}
// mediaProjection 就是当前屏幕流
} else if (resultCode == RESULT_CANCELED) {
Log.d(TAG, "用户取消");
}
}
}

3.2 Surface（需要 root 权限）

使用前需要：

在 AndroidMenifest.xml 中添加 android:sharedUserId="android.uid.system" 属性
需要给程序添加系统签名
或者 root 系统
使用 Java 反射机制，调用系统 API 截图：

private void screenshotSystem() {
Class<?> surfaceClass;
Method method = null;
Bitmap bitmap = null;
try {
if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN_MR2) {
surfaceClass = Class.forName("android.view.SurfaceControl");
} else {
surfaceClass = Class.forName("android.view.Surface");
}
method = surfaceClass.getDeclaredMethod("screenshot", Integer.TYPE, Integer.TYPE);
method.setAccessible(true);
bitmap = (Bitmap)method.invoke((Object)null, webview.getWidth(), webview.getHeight());
byte[] drawByte = getBitmapByte(bitmap);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e){
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (NoSuchMethodException e){
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalAccessException e){
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InvocationTargetException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}

3.3 PixelCopy

private void screenshotSystem() {
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {
PixelCopy.request(getWindow(), bitmap, new PixelCopy.OnPixelCopyFinishedListener() {
@Override
public void onPixelCopyFinished(int copyResult){
if (PixelCopy.SUCCESS == copyResult) {
byte[] drawByte = getBitmapByte(bitmap);
} else {
// onErrorCallback()
}
}
}, new Handler());
}
}

3.4 framebuffer（需要 root 权限）

String DEVICE_NAME = "/dev/graphics/fb0";
File deviceFile = new File(DEVICE_NAME);
Process localProcess = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("supersu");
String str = "cat " + deviceFile.getAbsolutePath() + "\n";
localProcess.getOutputStream().write(str.getBytes());
return localProcess.getInputStream();

3.5 screencap 命令（需要 root 权限）

private static String getScreenshot(){
Process process = null;
String filePath = "mnt/sdcard/" + System.currentTimeMillis() + ".png";
try {
process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("su");
PrintStream outputStream = null;
outputStream = new PrintStream(new BufferedOutputStream(process.getOutputStream(), 8192));
outputStream.println("screencap -p " + filePath);
outputStream.flush();
outputStream.close();
process.waitFor();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if(process != null){
process.destroy();
}
}
return filePath;
}

4、adb 截屏

$ adb shell
shell@ $ screencap /sdcard/screen.png
shell@ $ exit
$ adb pull /sdcard/screen.png