【IOS开发进阶系列】手势专题

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-03 16:16:29 发布

江中散人

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-03 16:16:29 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/junbaozi/article/details/128846765

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1 touchesBegan手势

iPhone中处理触摸屏的操作，在3.2之前是主要使用的是由UIResponder而来的如下4种方式：

- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event

- (void)touchesCancelled:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event

- (void)touchesEnded:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event

- (void)touchesMoved:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event

但是这种方式甄别不同的手势操作实在是麻烦，需要你自己计算做不同的手势分辨。后来，苹果就给出了一个比较简便的方式，就是使用UIGestureRecognizer。

2 UIGestureRecognizer

iOS系统在3.2以后，为方便开发这使用一些常用的手势，提供了UIGestureRecognizer类。手势识别UIGestureRecognizer类是个抽象类，下面的子类是具体的手势，开发这可以直接使用这些手势识别。

UITapGestureRecognizer

UIPinchGestureRecognizer

UIRotationGestureRecognizer

UISwipeGestureRecognizer

UIPanGestureRecognizer

UILongPressGestureRecognizer

上面的手势对应的操作是：

Tap(点一下)

Pinch(二指往內或往外拨动，平时经常用到的缩放)

Rotation(旋转)

Swipe(滑动，快速移动)

Pan (拖移，慢速移动)

LongPress(长按)

UIGestureRecognizer的继承关系如下：

2.1 使用手势的步骤

使用手势很简单，分为两步：

创建手势实例。当创建手势时，指定一个回调方法，当手势开始，改变、或结束时，回调方法被调用。

添加到需要识别的View中。每个手势只对应一个View，当屏幕触摸在View的边界内时，如果手势和预定的一样，那就会回调方法。

ps：一个手势只能对应一个View，但是一个View可以有多个手势。

建议在真机上运行这些手势,模拟器操作不太方便，可能导致你认为手势失效。

2.2 Pan 拖动手势

UIImageView *snakeImageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage: [UIImage imageNamed: @"snake.png"]];

snakeImageView.frame = CGRectMake(50, 50, 100, 160);

UIPanGestureRecognizer *panGestureRecognizer = [[UIPanGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget: self action: @selector(handlePan:)];

[snakeImageView addGestureRecognizer: panGestureRecognizer];

[self.view setBackgroundColor: [UIColor whiteColor]];

[self.view addSubview: snakeImageView];

新建一个ImageView，然后添加手势

回调方法：

- (void) handlePan:(UIPanGestureRecognizer*) recognizer

{

CGPoint translation = [recognizer translationInView:self.view];

recognizer.view.center = CGPointMake(recognizer.view.center.x + translation.x, recognizer.view.center.y + translation.y);

[recognizer setTranslation: CGPointZero inView: self.view];

}

2.3 Pinch缩放手势

UIPinchGestureRecognizer *pinchGestureRecognizer = [[UIPinchGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget: self action: @selector(handlePinch:)];

[snakeImageView addGestureRecognizer: pinchGestureRecognizer];

UIPinchGestureRecognizer *pinchGestureRecognizer = [[UIPinchGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget: self action: @selector(handlePinch:)];

[snakeImageView addGestureRecognizer: pinchGestureRecognizer];

- (void) handlePinch:(UIPinchGestureRecognizer*) recognizer

{

recognizer.view.transform = CGAffineTransformScale(recognizer.view.transform, recognizer.scale, recognizer.scale);

recognizer.scale = 1;

}

- (void) handlePinch:(UIPinchGestureRecognizer*) recognizer

{

recognizer.view.transform = CGAffineTransformScale(recognizer.view.transform, recognizer.scale, recognizer.scale);

recognizer.scale = 1;

}

2.4 Rotation旋转手势

UIRotationGestureRecognizer *rotateRecognizer = [[UIRotationGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget: self action: @selector(handleRotate:)];

[snakeImageView addGestureRecognizer: rotateRecognizer];

UIRotationGestureRecognizer *rotateRecognizer = [[UIRotationGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget: self action: @selector(handleRotate:)];

[snakeImageView addGestureRecognizer: rotateRecognizer];

- (void) handleRotate: (UIRotationGestureRecognizer*) recognizer

{

recognizer.view.transform = CGAffineTransformRotate(recognizer.view.transform, recognizer.rotation);

recognizer.rotation = 0;

}

- (void) handleRotate:(UIRotationGestureRecognizer*) recognizer

{

recognizer.view.transform = CGAffineTransformRotate(recognizer.view.transform, recognizer.rotation);

recognizer.rotation = 0;

}

添加了这几个手势后，运行看效果，程序中的imageView放了一条蛇的图片，在模拟器上拖动是没问题的。缩放和旋转有点问题，估计是因为在模拟器上的模拟的两个接触点距离在imageView的边界外了，所以操作无效果。建议在真机上运行这个手势。

在模拟器上缩放和选择的操作技巧：

可以把imageView的frame值设置大一点，按住alt键，按下触摸板(不按下不行)，这样就可以旋转和缩放了。

2.5 添加第二个ImagView并添加手势

记住：一个手势只能添加到一个View，两个View当然要有两个手势的实例了

- (void)viewDidLoad

{

[super viewDidLoad];

UIImageView *snakeImageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"snake.png"]];

UIImageView *dragonImageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"dragon.png"]];

snakeImageView.frame = CGRectMake(120, 120, 100, 160);

dragonImageView.frame = CGRectMake(50, 50, 100, 160);

[self.view addSubview:snakeImageView];

[self.view addSubview:dragonImageView];

for (UIView *view in self.view.subviews) {

UIPanGestureRecognizer *panGestureRecognizer = [[UIPanGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget: self action: @selector(handlePan:)];

UIPinchGestureRecognizer *pinchGestureRecognizer = [[UIPinchGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget: self action: @selector(handlePinch:)];

UIRotationGestureRecognizer *rotateRecognizer = [[UIRotationGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget: self action: @selector(handleRotate:)];

[view addGestureRecognizer: panGestureRecognizer];

[view addGestureRecognizer: pinchGestureRecognizer];

[view addGestureRecognizer: rotateRecognizer];

[view setUserInteractionEnabled: YES];

}

[self.view setBackgroundColor: [UIColor whiteColor]];

}

多添加了一条龙的view，两个view都能接收上面的三种手势。运行效果如下：

2.6 拖动(pan手势)速度(以较快的速度拖放后view有滑行的效果)

如何实现呢？

监视手势是否结束

监视触摸的速度

- (void) handlePan:(UIPanGestureRecognizer*) recognizer

{

CGPoint translation = [recognizer translationInView: self.view];

recognizer.view.center = CGPointMake(recognizer.view.center.x + translation.x, recognizer.view.center.y + translation.y);

[recognizer setTranslation: CGPointZero inView: self.view];

if(recognizer.state == UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded) {

CGPoint velocity = [recognizer velocityInView: self.view];

CGFloat magnitude = sqrtf((velocity.x * velocity.x) + (velocity.y * velocity.y));

CGFloat slideMult = magnitude / 200;

NSLog(@"magnitude: %f, slideMult: %f", magnitude, slideMult);

floatslideFactor = 0.1 * slideMult; // Increase for more of a slide

CGPoint finalPoint = CGPointMake(recognizer.view.center.x + (velocity.x * slideFactor), recognizer.view.center.y + (velocity.y * slideFactor));

finalPoint.x = MIN(MAX(finalPoint.x, 0), self.view.bounds.size.width);

finalPoint.y = MIN(MAX(finalPoint.y, 0), self.view.bounds.size.height);

[UIView animateWithDuration: slideFactor * 2 delay: 0 options: UIViewAnimationOptionCurveEaseOut animations:^{

recognizer.view.center = finalPoint;

} completion: nil];

}

代码实现解析：

计算速度向量的长度(估计大部分都忘了)这些知识了。

如果速度向量小于200，那就会得到一个小于的小数，那么滑行会很短；

基于速度和速度因素计算一个终点；

确保终点不会跑出父View的边界；

使用UIView动画使view滑动到终点；

运行后，快速拖动图像view放开会看到view还会在原来的方向滑行一段路。

2.7 同时触发两个view的手势

手势之间是互斥的，如果你想同时触发蛇和龙的view，那么需要实现协议UIGestureRecognizerDelegate，

@interface ViewController : UIViewController

@end

@interface ViewController : UIViewController

@end

并在协议这个方法里返回YES。

-(BOOL)gestureRecognizer:(UIGestureRecognizer *)gestureRecognizer shouldRecognizeSimultaneouslyWithGestureRecognizer:(UIGestureRecognizer *)otherGestureRecognizer

{

return YES;

}

-(BOOL)gestureRecognizer:(UIGestureRecognizer *)gestureRecognizer shouldRecognizeSimultaneouslyWithGestureRecognizer:(UIGestureRecognizer *) otherGestureRecognizer

{

return YES;

}

把self作为代理设置给手势：

panGestureRecognizer.delegate = self;

pinchGestureRecognizer.delegate = self;

rotateRecognizer.delegate = self;

panGestureRecognizer.delegate = self;

pinchGestureRecognizer.delegate = self;

rotateRecognizer.delegate = self;

这样可以同时拖动或旋转缩放两个view了。

2.8 tap点击手势

这里为了方便看到tap的效果，当点击一下屏幕时，播放一个声音。

为了播放声音，我们加入AVFoundation.framework这个框架。

- (AVAudioPlayer *)loadWav:(NSString *)filename {

NSURL * url = [[NSBundle mainBundle] URLForResource:filename withExtension:@"wav"];

NSError * error;

AVAudioPlayer * player = [[AVAudioPlayer alloc] initWithContentsOfURL:url error:&error];

if (!player) {

NSLog(@"Error loading %@: %@", url, error.localizedDescription);

} else {

[player prepareToPlay];

}

return player;

}

我会在最后例子代码给出完整代码，添加手势的步骤和前面一样的。

#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>

#import <AVFoundation/AVFoundation.h>

@interface ViewController : UIViewController

@property (strong) AVAudioPlayer * chompPlayer;

@property (strong) AVAudioPlayer * hehePlayer;

@end

- (void) handleTap: (UITapGestureRecognizer *)recognizer {

[self.chompPlayer play];

}

运行，点一下某个图，就会播放一个咬东西的声音。

不过这个点击播放声音有点缺陷，就是在慢慢拖动的时候也会播放。这使得两个手势重合了。怎么解决呢？使用手势的：requireGestureRecognizerToFail方法。

2.9 手势的依赖性

在viewDidLoad的循环里添加这段代码：

[tapRecognizer requireGestureRecognizerToFail:panGestureRecognizer];

意思就是，当如果pan手势失败，就是没发生拖动，才会出发tap手势。这样如果你有轻微的拖动，那就是pan手势发生了。tap的声音就不会发出来了。

2.10 自定义手势

自定义手势继承：UIGestureRecognizer，实现下面的方法：

– touchesBegan:withEvent:

– touchesMoved:withEvent:

– touchesEnded:withEvent:

- touchesCancelled:withEvent:

新建一个类，继承UIGestureRecognizer，代码如下：

.h文件

#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>

typedef enum {

DirectionUnknown = 0,

DirectionLeft,

DirectionRight

} Direction;

@interface HappyGestureRecognizer : UIGestureRecognizer

@property (assign) int tickleCount;

@property (assign) CGPoint curTickleStart;

@property (assign) Direction lastDirection;

@end

.m文件

#import "HappyGestureRecognizer.h"

#import <UIKit/UIGestureRecognizerSubclass.h>

#define REQUIRED_TICKLES 2

#define MOVE_AMT_PER_TICKLE 25

@implementation HappyGestureRecognizer

- (void) touchesBegan: (NSSet *)touches withEvent: (UIEvent *)event {

UITouch * touch = [touches anyObject];

self.curTickleStart = [touch locationInView: self.view];

}

- (void)touchesMoved:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {

// Make sure we've moved a minimum amount since curTickleStart

UITouch * touch = [touches anyObject];

CGPoint ticklePoint = [touch locationInView: self.view];

CGFloat moveAmt = ticklePoint.x - self.curTickleStart.x;

Direction curDirection;

if (moveAmt < 0) {

curDirection = DirectionLeft;

} else {

curDirection = DirectionRight;

}

if (ABS(moveAmt) < MOVE_AMT_PER_TICKLE) return;

//确认方向改变了

if (self.lastDirection == DirectionUnknown || (self.lastDirection == DirectionLeft && curDirection == DirectionRight) || (self.lastDirection == DirectionRight && curDirection == DirectionLeft)) {

//挠痒次数

self.tickleCount++;

self.curTickleStart = ticklePoint;

self.lastDirection = curDirection;

//一旦挠痒次数超过指定数，设置手势为结束状态

//这样回调函数会被调用。

if (self.state == UIGestureRecognizerStatePossible && self.tickleCount > REQUIRED_TICKLES) {

[self setState: UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded];

}

- (void) reset {

self.tickleCount = 0;

self.curTickleStart = CGPointZero;

self.lastDirection = DirectionUnknown;

if (self.state == UIGestureRecognizerStatePossible) {

[self setState: UIGestureRecognizerStateFailed];

}

- (void)touchesEnded: (NSSet *)touches withEvent: (UIEvent *)event

{

[self reset];

}

- (void)touchesCancelled: (NSSet *)touches withEvent: (UIEvent *)event

{

[self reset];

}

@end

调用自定义手势和上面一样，回到这样写：

- (void) handleHappy: (HappyGestureRecognizer *)recognizer{

[self.hehePlayer play];

}

手势成功后播放呵呵笑的声音。在真机上运行，按住某个view，快速左右拖动，就会发出笑的声音了。

代码解析：

先获取起始坐标：curTickleStart

通过和ticklePoint的x值对比，得出当前的放下是向左还是向右。再算出移动的x的值是否比MOVE_AMT_PER_TICKLE距离大，如果太则返回。

再判断是否有三次是不同方向的动作，如果是则手势结束，回调。

参考：http://www.raywenderlich.com/6567/uigesturerecognizer-tutorial-in-ios-5-pinches-pans-and-more

例子代码：http://download.csdn.net/detail/totogo2010/5094059

容芳志 (http://blog.csdn.net/totogo2010)

3 手势相关事件方法

UIView关于手势的方法：

-(void) addGestureRecognizer:(UIGestureRecognizer *)gestureRecognizer 增加一个手势。

-(void) removeGestureRecognizer:(UIGestureRecognizer *)getureRecognizer 删除一个手势。

-(BOOL) gestureRecognizerShouldBegan:(UIGestureRecognizer *)gestureRecognizer 询问是否开始执行该手势，默认返回YES。

手势相比触碰事件的好处是可以直接使用已经定义好的手势，开发者不用自己计算手指移动轨迹。

UIGestureRecognizer是一个手势基类，提供了简单的手势实现方式。衍生类如下：

UITabGestureRecognizer 轻击手势

UIPinchGestureRecognizer 捏合手势

UIRotationGestureRecognizer 旋转手势

UISwipeGestureRecognizer 轻扫手势

UIPanGestureRecognizer 拖拽手势

UILongPressGestrueRecognizer 长按手势

UIGestureRecognizer主要方法：

-(id) initWithTarget:action:初始化方法

-(void)addTarget:action:

-(void)removeTarget:action:

主要属性：

UIGestureRecognizerState state 手势识别当前状态

有以下几种情况：

UIGestureRecognizerStatePossibel, 未识别状态

UIGestureRecognizerStateBegan, 手势开始

UIGestureRecognizerStateChanged, 手势改变

UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded, 手势结束

UIGestureRecognizerStateFailured 手势失败，被其他事件中断。

UITabGestureRecognizer 轻击手势任意手指任意次数的点击

属性：

numberOfTapsRequired 点击次数

numberOfTouchesRequired 手指个数

UIPinchGestureRecognizer 捏合或者扩张手势

属性：

scale：初始值为1，两手指距离减少则scale不断变小；两个手指重合则变为0；

velocity：初始值为0，手指移动的相对速度，两手指距离减少为负数，速度越快数值越少；两手指距离变大为整数，速度越快数值越大。

UIRotationGestureRecognizer 旋转手势

属性：

rotation：初始值为0，两手指的旋转弧度，顺时针旋转为正数，逆时针旋转为负数。

velocity：初始值为0手指一动的相对速度，顺时针为正数越快值越大；逆时针为负越快越小。

UISwipGestureRecognizer 轻扫手势，一个手势只能指定一个方向，如果需要指定多个方向需要多个手势

属性：

numberOfTouchesRequired：手指个数

direction：手势方向，如UISwipeGestureRecognizerDirectionRight向右

UIPanGestureRecognizer：拖拽手势，相比轻扫手势，手指与屏幕的交互时间更长。

属性：

mininumNumberOfTouches：默认值为1，最少手指数量

maxnumNumberOfTouches：最大手指数量

UILongPressGestrueRecognizer：长按手势。

属性：

numberOfTapsRequired：默认值为0，轻击的次数。

numberOfTouchesRequired：默认值是1，手指数量。

mininumPressDuration：默认值为0.5，单位是秒。

allowableMovement：默认值为10，单位是像素。

4 开发技巧

4.1 要注意的问题

4.1.1 手势尽量不要全屏幕使用，以防截留其他事件

添加手势后，手势响应事件是第一响应者，所以稍不注意，就容易截掉其他事件的响应。最好是，那一块需要手势，就用到哪一块；实在不行，记得取得响应后，把事件继续往事件响应链后面传递。

5 参考链接

iOS触摸事件处理

http://www.cnblogs.com/Quains/p/3369132.html

IOS中Touch事件传递

http://www.xnwai.com/2012/11/ios-touch-event-delivery.html

IOS应用事件的传递分析

http://blog.csdn.net/linux_zkf/article/details/7797881

IOS事件传递说明

http://blog.csdn.net/a15950711997/article/details/39369587

iOS开发UI篇—事件传递

http://www.cnblogs.com/wendingding/p/3795167.html

Responder Chain(ios事件传递)

http://blog.csdn.net/yongyinmg/article/details/19616527

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【IOS开发进阶系列】手势专题

1 touchesBegan手势iPhone中处理触摸屏的操作，在3.2之前是主要使用的是由UIResponder而来的如下4种方式：- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event- (void)touchesCancelled:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(...
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