HDU5527：Too Rich（DFS & 贪心 & 思维）

Too Rich

Time Limit: 6000/3000 MS (Java/Others)    Memory Limit: 262144/262144 K (Java/Others)
Total Submission(s): 1613    Accepted Submission(s): 413

Problem Description

You are a rich person, and you think your wallet is too heavy and full now. So you want to give me some money by buying a lovely pusheen sticker which costs  p dollars from me. To make your wallet lighter, you decide to pay exactly  p  dollars by as many coins and/or banknotes as possible.

For example, if  p=17  and you have two  $10  coins, four  $5  coins, and eight  $1  coins, you will pay it by two  $5  coins and seven  $1  coins. But this task is incredibly hard since you are too rich and the sticker is too expensive and pusheen is too lovely, please write a program to calculate the best solution.

 

Input

The first line contains an integer  T  indicating the total number of test cases. Each test case is a line with 11 integers  p,c1,c5,c10,c20,c50,c100,c200,c500,c1000,c2000 , specifying the price of the pusheen sticker, and the number of coins and banknotes in each denomination. The number  ci  means how many coins/banknotes in denominations of  i  dollars in your wallet.

1≤T≤20000
0≤p≤109
0≤ci≤100000

 

Output

For each test case, please output the maximum number of coins and/or banknotes he can pay for exactly  p  dollars in a line. If you cannot pay for exactly  p  dollars, please simply output '-1'.

 

Sample Input

  
  

   
   3
17 8 4 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
100 99 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2015 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
  
  

 

Sample Output

  
  

   
   9
-1
36
  
  

 

Source

2015ACM/ICPC亚洲区长春站-重现赛（感谢东北师大）

题意：给若干个不同面值硬币，求凑成指定面额的最多硬币数量。

思路：比较巧妙地搜素，首先题目可以转化为拿走最少的硬币使得剩下硬币总额满足要求。那么按照贪心肯定是从面值最大的先拿，为什么这里直接贪心会正确呢？留意到题目给的面值前面的恰好是后面的因子，也就是说，大面值的能拿就拿走，否则还要小面值的凑成它，比如能拿50就拿50，否则以后还要拿5个10凑成50。还有一个问题，20不是50的因子，200不是500的因子，但是20却是50+50的因子，200却是500+500的因子，这意味着拿50和500的时候，还要考虑拿少一个硬币的情况，给20或200的硬币留空间，否则将会漏掉情况，如20,20,20,50凑60块这种数据。

# include <iostream>
# include <cstdio>
# include <cstring>
using namespace std;
typedef long long LL;
const LL INF = 0x3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f;
LL a[]={0,1,5,10,20,50,100,200,500,1000,2000}, b[13];
LL ans;
void dfs(int cur, LL tot, LL cnt)
{
    if(tot < 0) return;
    if(cur == 0)
    {
        if(tot == 0)
            ans = min(ans, cnt);
        return;
    }
    LL tmp = min((LL)b[cur], tot/a[cur]);
    dfs(cur-1, tot-tmp*a[cur], cnt+tmp);
    if(tmp) dfs(cur-1, tot-(tmp-1)*a[cur], cnt+tmp-1);

}
int main()
{
    int t;
    scanf("%d",&t);
    while(t--)
    {
        LL tot = 0, sum = 0, all = 0; ans = INF;
        scanf("%lld",&sum);
        for(int i=1; i<=10; ++i) scanf("%lld",&b[i]), tot += a[i]*b[i], all += b[i];
        if(tot < sum)
        {
            puts("-1");
            continue;
        }
        dfs(10, tot-sum, 0);
        if(ans == INF) puts("-1");
        else
            printf("%lld\n",all-ans);
    }
    return 0;
}