bert 分布式优化

如何实现多GPU并发：

goole提供的BERT源码使用TPUEstimator实现的，TPUEstimator支持多TPU并发但不支持多GPU并发。

为了能支持多GPU并发充分利用GPU资源提高效率，对BERT做一下修改：

1、使用optimization_multigpu.py替换optimization.py，执行一下命令
  
   cp optimization.py optimization.bak
   cp optimization_multigpu.py optimization.py
   
2、修改训练代码，预训练代码在run_pretrain.py，句子分类run_classifier.py，Squad任务run_squad.py。
   以Squad为例，其他文件可以用相同的方式修改。修改后的文件为run_squad_multigpu.py。
   
   1） 添加num_gpus入参
      
	  flags.DEFINE_integer("num_gpus", 1, "Total number of GPUs to use.")
	  
   2）在model_fn_builder函数中修改EstimatorSpec,修改点有三处，修改成：
       a)添加scafflod:
	          if init_checkpoint:
                 (assignment_map, initialized_variable_names) = modeling.get_assignment_map_from_checkpoint(tvars, init_checkpoint)
                 if use_tpu:
                   def tpu_scaffold():
                     tf.train.init_from_checkpoint(init_checkpoint, assignment_map)
                     return tf.train.Scaffold()

                   scaffold_fn = tpu_scaffold
              else:
                tf.train.init_from_checkpoint(init_checkpoint, assignment_map)
                scaffold_fn = tf.train.Scaffold()
				
		b)修改Train的Spec:
		    output_spec = tf.estimator.EstimatorSpec(
                mode=mode,
                loss=total_loss,
                train_op=train_op,
                scaffold=scaffold_fn)
				
		c)修改predict的Spec:
		    output_spec = tf.estimator.EstimatorSpec(mode=mode, predictions=predictions, scaffold=scaffold_fn)
	   
      
   3）在main函数创建RunConfig地方修改RunConfig，RunConfig添加分布式策略
        distribute = tf.contrib.distribute.MirroredStrategy(num_gpus=FLAGS.num_gpus)
        run_config = tf.estimator.RunConfig(
          model_dir=FLAGS.output_dir,
          save_checkpoints_steps=FLAGS.save_checkpoints_steps,
          train_distribute=distribute)
		  
		注意：这里可以删除TPUEstimator的RunConfig，也可以保留，保留的话添加分支判断。
		
	4）修改main函数中调用model_fn_builder的地方，修改成：
	    model_fn = model_fn_builder(
           bert_config=bert_config,
           init_checkpoint=FLAGS.init_checkpoint,
           learning_rate=FLAGS.learning_rate,
           num_train_steps=num_train_steps,
           num_warmup_steps=num_warmup_steps,
           use_tpu=False,
           use_one_hot_embeddings=False)
	
	
	5）main函数中将TPUEstimator修改成tf.estimator.Estimator
        params = {"batch_size": FLAGS.train_batch_size}
        estimator = tf.estimator.Estimator(
            model_fn=model_fn,
            config=run_config,
            params = params)
			
	6)修改后可以不覆盖run_squad.py，直接使用run_squad_multigpu.py运行
	
	    python run_squad_multigpu.py 
		   --vocab_file=./uncased_L-12_H-768_A-12/vocab.txt 
		   --bert_config_file=./uncased_L-12_H-768_A-12/bert_config.json 
		   --init_checkpoint=./uncased_L-12_H-768_A-12/bert_model.ckpt 
		   --do_train=True 
		   --train_file=./data/train-v2.0.json 
		   --do_predict=True 
		   --predict_file=./data/dev-v2.0.json 
		   --learning_rate=3e-5 
		   --num_train_epochs=2.0 
		   --max_seq_length=384 
		   --doc_stride=128 
		   --train_batch_size=12 
		   --num_gpus=2 
		   --output_dir=./output/result_dir 
		   --version_2_with_negative=True
		   
		通过num_gpus指定GPU个数，train_batch_size修改batch_size，V100的显存大可以改成24，修改学习率learning_rate和num_train_epochs

optimization_multigpu.py代码如下：

# coding=utf-8
# Copyright 2018 The Google AI Language Team Authors.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
"""Functions and classes related to optimization (weight updates)."""

from __future__ import absolute_import
from __future__ import division
from __future__ import print_function

import re
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.python.framework import ops
from tensorflow.python.ops import math_ops
from tensorflow.python.ops import control_flow_ops
from tensorflow.python.ops import state_ops
from tensorflow.python.ops import resource_variable_ops


def create_optimizer(loss, init_lr, num_train_steps, num_warmup_steps, use_tpu):
  """Creates an optimizer training op."""
  global_step = tf.train.get_or_create_global_step()

  learning_rate = tf.constant(value=init_lr, shape=[], dtype=tf.float32)

  # Implements linear decay of the learning rate.
  learning_rate = tf.train.polynomial_decay(
      learning_rate,
      global_step,
      num_train_steps,
      end_learning_rate=0.0,
      power=1.0,
      cycle=False)

  # Implements linear warmup. I.e., if global_step < num_warmup_steps, the
  # learning rate will be `global_step/num_warmup_steps * init_lr`.
  if num_warmup_steps:
    global_steps_int = tf.cast(global_step, tf.int32)
    warmup_steps_int = tf.constant(num_warmup_steps, dtype=tf.int32)

    global_steps_float = tf.cast(global_steps_int, tf.float32)
    warmup_steps_float = tf.cast(warmup_steps_int, tf.float32)

    warmup_percent_done = global_steps_float / warmup_steps_float
    warmup_learning_rate = init_lr * warmup_percent_done

    is_warmup = tf.cast(global_steps_int < warmup_steps_int, tf.float32)
    learning_rate = (
        (1.0 - is_warmup) * learning_rate + is_warmup * warmup_learning_rate)

  # It is recommended that you use this optimizer for fine tuning, since this
  # is how the model was trained (note that the Adam m/v variables are NOT
  # loaded from init_checkpoint.)
  optimizer = AdamWeightDecayOptimizer(
      learning_rate=learning_rate,
      weight_decay_rate=0.01,
      beta_1=0.9,
      beta_2=0.999,
      epsilon=1e-6,
      exclude_from_weight_decay=["LayerNorm", "layer_norm", "bias"])

  if use_tpu:
    optimizer = tf.contrib.tpu.CrossShardOptimizer(optimizer)

  tvars = tf.trainable_variables()
  grads = tf.gradients(loss, tvars)

  # This is how the model was pre-trained.
  (grads, _) = tf.clip_by_global_norm(grads, clip_norm=1.0)

  train_op = optimizer.apply_gradients(
      zip(grads, tvars), global_step=global_step)

  # Normally the global step update is done inside of `apply_gradients`.
  # However, `AdamWeightDecayOptimizer` doesn't do this. But if you use
  # a different optimizer, you should probably take this line out.
  new_global_step = global_step + 1
  train_op = tf.group(train_op, [global_step.assign(new_global_step)])
  return train_op


class AdamWeightDecayOptimizer(tf.train.Optimizer):
  """A basic Adam optimizer that includes "correct" L2 weight decay."""

  """A basic Adam optimizer that includes "correct" L2 weight decay."""

  def __init__(self,
               learning_rate,
               weight_decay_rate=0.0,
               beta_1=0.9,
               beta_2=0.999,
               epsilon=1e-6,
               exclude_from_weight_decay=None,
               name="AdamWeightDecayOptimizer"):
      """Constructs a AdamWeightDecayOptimizer."""
      super(AdamWeightDecayOptimizer, self).__init__(False, name)

      self.learning_rate = learning_rate
      self.weight_decay_rate = weight_decay_rate
      self.beta_1 = beta_1
      self.beta_2 = beta_2
      self.epsilon = epsilon
      self.exclude_from_weight_decay = exclude_from_weight_decay

  def _prepare(self):
      self.learning_rate_t = ops.convert_to_tensor(
          self.learning_rate, name='learning_rate')
      self.weight_decay_rate_t = ops.convert_to_tensor(
          self.weight_decay_rate, name='weight_decay_rate')
      self.beta_1_t = ops.convert_to_tensor(self.beta_1, name='beta_1')
      self.beta_2_t = ops.convert_to_tensor(self.beta_2, name='beta_2')
      self.epsilon_t = ops.convert_to_tensor(self.epsilon, name='epsilon')

  def _create_slots(self, var_list):
      for v in var_list:
          self._zeros_slot(v, 'm', self._name)
          self._zeros_slot(v, 'v', self._name)

  def _apply_dense(self, grad, var):
      learning_rate_t = math_ops.cast(
          self.learning_rate_t, var.dtype.base_dtype)
      beta_1_t = math_ops.cast(self.beta_1_t, var.dtype.base_dtype)
      beta_2_t = math_ops.cast(self.beta_2_t, var.dtype.base_dtype)
      epsilon_t = math_ops.cast(self.epsilon_t, var.dtype.base_dtype)
      weight_decay_rate_t = math_ops.cast(
          self.weight_decay_rate_t, var.dtype.base_dtype)

      m = self.get_slot(var, 'm')
      v = self.get_slot(var, 'v')

      # Standard Adam update.
      next_m = (
              tf.multiply(beta_1_t, m) +
              tf.multiply(1.0 - beta_1_t, grad))
      next_v = (
              tf.multiply(beta_2_t, v) + tf.multiply(1.0 - beta_2_t,
                                                     tf.square(grad)))

      update = next_m / (tf.sqrt(next_v) + epsilon_t)

      if self._do_use_weight_decay(self._get_variable_name(var)):
          update += weight_decay_rate_t * var

      update_with_lr = learning_rate_t * update

      next_param = var - update_with_lr

      return control_flow_ops.group(*[var.assign(next_param),
                                      m.assign(next_m),
                                      v.assign(next_v)])

  def _resource_apply_dense(self, grad, var):
      learning_rate_t = math_ops.cast(
          self.learning_rate_t, var.dtype.base_dtype)
      beta_1_t = math_ops.cast(self.beta_1_t, var.dtype.base_dtype)
      beta_2_t = math_ops.cast(self.beta_2_t, var.dtype.base_dtype)
      epsilon_t = math_ops.cast(self.epsilon_t, var.dtype.base_dtype)
      weight_decay_rate_t = math_ops.cast(
          self.weight_decay_rate_t, var.dtype.base_dtype)

      m = self.get_slot(var, 'm')
      v = self.get_slot(var, 'v')

      # Standard Adam update.
      next_m = (
              tf.multiply(beta_1_t, m) +
              tf.multiply(1.0 - beta_1_t, grad))
      next_v = (
              tf.multiply(beta_2_t, v) + tf.multiply(1.0 - beta_2_t,
                                                     tf.square(grad)))

      update = next_m / (tf.sqrt(next_v) + epsilon_t)

      if self._do_use_weight_decay(var.name):
          update += weight_decay_rate_t * var

      update_with_lr = learning_rate_t * update

      next_param = var - update_with_lr

      return control_flow_ops.group(*[var.assign(next_param),
                                      m.assign(next_m),
                                      v.assign(next_v)])

  def _apply_sparse_shared(self, grad, var, indices, scatter_add):
      learning_rate_t = math_ops.cast(
          self.learning_rate_t, var.dtype.base_dtype)
      beta_1_t = math_ops.cast(self.beta_1_t, var.dtype.base_dtype)
      beta_2_t = math_ops.cast(self.beta_2_t, var.dtype.base_dtype)
      epsilon_t = math_ops.cast(self.epsilon_t, var.dtype.base_dtype)
      weight_decay_rate_t = math_ops.cast(
          self.weight_decay_rate_t, var.dtype.base_dtype)

      m = self.get_slot(var, 'm')
      v = self.get_slot(var, 'v')

      m_t = state_ops.assign(m, m * beta_1_t,
                             use_locking=self._use_locking)

      m_scaled_g_values = grad * (1 - beta_1_t)
      with ops.control_dependencies([m_t]):
          m_t = scatter_add(m, indices, m_scaled_g_values)

      v_scaled_g_values = (grad * grad) * (1 - beta_2_t)
      v_t = state_ops.assign(v, v * beta_2_t, use_locking=self._use_locking)
      with ops.control_dependencies([v_t]):
          v_t = scatter_add(v, indices, v_scaled_g_values)

      update = m_t / (math_ops.sqrt(v_t) + epsilon_t)

      if self._do_use_weight_decay(var.name):
          update += weight_decay_rate_t * var

      update_with_lr = learning_rate_t * update

      var_update = state_ops.assign_sub(var,
                                        update_with_lr,
                                        use_locking=self._use_locking)
      return control_flow_ops.group(*[var_update, m_t, v_t])

  def _apply_sparse(self, grad, var):
      return self._apply_sparse_shared(
          grad.values, var, grad.indices,
          lambda x, i, v: state_ops.scatter_add(  # pylint: disable=g-long-lambda
              x, i, v, use_locking=self._use_locking))

  def _resource_scatter_add(self, x, i, v):
      with ops.control_dependencies(
              [resource_variable_ops.resource_scatter_add(
                  x.handle, i, v)]):
          return x.value()

  def _resource_apply_sparse(self, grad, var, indices):
      return self._apply_sparse_shared(
          grad, var, indices, self._resource_scatter_add)

  def _do_use_weight_decay(self, param_name):
      """Whether to use L2 weight decay for `param_name`."""
      if not self.weight_decay_rate:
          return False
      if self.exclude_from_weight_decay:
          for r in self.exclude_from_weight_decay:
              if re.search(r, param_name) is not None:
                  return False
      return True