Servlet 第二课：页面之间的跳转与重定向

需求：

我们从LoginServlet页面跳转到PrintServlet页面

目录结构：

页面的跳转，分为3种：

第一：sendRedirect表示跳转到其他页面。

–response.sendRedirect(“url”);
response.sendRedirect("http://www.goxuexi.com");

用法实例：

在MyServlet中-doGet方法中添加如下代码：

/**
		 * 1.重定向到其他页面
		 * sendRedirect
		 */
		resp.sendRedirect("Http://www.goxuexi.com");

当我们在浏览器中访问如下代码的时候，我们可以看到浏览器中的域名是不变的，但是里面直接访问的是www.goxuexi.com的内容。

MyServlet.java

package com.goxuexi.demo;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class MyServlet extends HttpServlet{
	/**
	 * 
	 */
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

	@Override
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
	
		
		/**
		 * 1.重定向到其他页面
		 * sendRedirect
		 */
		resp.sendRedirect("Http://www.goxuexi.com");
		
		
		
		
	}
	
	@Override
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
			doGet(req, resp);
	}

}

第二种方法：请求转发（forward），当前域，不包含
–request.getRequestDispatcher(“url”).forward(request,response);
request.getRequestDispatcher("new_page.html").forward(request, response);

用法用例：

LoginServlet.java

package com.goxuexi.demo;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * Servlet implementation class LoginServlet
 */
//@WebServlet("/LoginServlet")
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
       
    /**
     * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
     */
    public LoginServlet() {
        super();
        
        System.out.println("LoginServlet.......");
    }

    
    @Override
    public void init() throws ServletException {
    	// TODO Auto-generated method stub
    	super.init();
    	System.out.println("init.......");
    }
	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
//		System.out.println("do Get...........");
		doPost(request, response);
	}

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
//		System.out.println("do Post................");
		/**
		 * 请求重定向
		 */
		request.getRequestDispatcher("PrintServlet").forward(request, response);
	}
	
	@Override
	public void destroy() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		super.destroy();
		System.out.println("destory........");
	}

}

PrintServlet.java

package com.goxuexi.demo;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * Servlet implementation class PrintServlet
 */
@WebServlet("/PrintServlet")
public class PrintServlet extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
	 */
	public PrintServlet() {
		super();
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse
	 *      response)
	 */
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,
			HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		doPost(request, response);
	}

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse
	 *      response)
	 */
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request,
			HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub

		PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();

		/**
		 * 只是简单输出一个html文本
		 */
		// out.print("<h1> Hello Servlet </h1>");
		/**
		 * 如果有更复杂的，请使用下面的。
		 */
		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
		sb.append("<html>");
		sb.append("<head>");
		sb.append("<title>");
		sb.append(" Test Servlet Print ");
		sb.append("</title>");
		sb.append("</head>");

		sb.append("<body>");

		sb.append("<ul>");

		sb.append("<li>");
		sb.append("Android");
		sb.append("</li>");

		sb.append("<li>");
		sb.append("IOS");
		sb.append("</li>");

		sb.append("<li>");
		sb.append("PHP");
		sb.append("</li>");

		sb.append("</ul>");

		sb.append("</body>");
		sb.append("</html>");

		out.print(sb.toString());

	}

}

就会实现登陆页面，跳转到PrintServlet页面。

第三种方法：请求包含，当前域，包含
–request.getRequestDispatcher(“url”).include(request,response);
request.getRequestDispatcher("new_page.html").include(request, response);

当我们把上面LoginServle.java中doPose方法中的内容修改为：

protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
//		System.out.println("do Post................");
		/**
		 * 请求重定向
		 */
		
		PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
		out.print("<h1> Hello Servlet </h1>");
		
		request.getRequestDispatcher("PrintServlet").include(request, response);
	}

我们会发现页面包含有Hello Servlet。如果是forward方法，就不会被包含Hello Servlet。

另外补充一点：

获得Servlet初始化参数在doGet方法中。

        /**
        * 获取web.xml中context-param的值
        */
       String value1 = getServletContext().getInitParameter("goxuexi");
       System.out.println(value1);

在web.xml中添加context内容。

 <context-param>
  <param-name>goxuexi</param-name>
  <param-value>Http://goxuexi.com</param-value>
  
  </context-param>