Linux部分命令全称

.a（扩展名a）：Archive，static library

.o（扩展名o）：Object file，complied result of C/C++ source file
.so（扩展名so）：Shared object，dynamically linked library
/bin = BINaries 
/boot=boot #下面的是开机启动文件
/dev = DEVices  #下面的是一些硬件驱动
/etc = ETCetera #目录存放着各种系统配置文件, 类似于windows下的system
/lib = LIBrary 
/proc = PROCesses 
/sbin = Superuser BINaries 
/tmp = TeMPorary 
/usr = Unix Shared Resources 
/var = VARiable ? 
ECMA = European Computer Manufacturers Association
FIFO = First In, First Out 
Fish = the Friendly Interactive SHell
GRUB = GRand Unified Bootloader 
IFS = Internal Field Seperators 
Knnxxx / Snnxxx（位于rcx.d目录下）：K（Kill）；S(Service)；nn（执行顺序号）；xxx（服务标识）
LILO = LInux LOader 
MIME = Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
MySQL = My是最初作者女儿的名字，SQL = Structured Query Language
PHP = Personal Home Page Tools = PHP Hypertext Preprocessor 
PS = Prompt String 
Perl = "Pratical Extraction and Report Language" = "Pathologically Eclectic Rubbish Lister" 
Python Monty Python's Flying Circus 
RPM：Red hat package manager
Tcl = Tool Command Language 
Tk = ToolKit 
VT = Video Terminal 
YaST = Yet Another Setup Tool 
alias :Create your own name for a command
apache = "a patchy" server 
apt：Advanced package tool（Debian或基于Debian的发行版中提供）
ar = archiver 
as = assembler 
awk = "Aho Weiberger and Kernighan" 三个作者的姓的第一个字母
bash :GNU Bourne-Again Shell  linux内核 
bc = Basic (Better) Calculator 
bg = BackGround 
biff = 作者Heidi Stettner在U.C.Berkely养的一条狗,喜欢对邮递员汪汪叫。
bin = BINaries #下面的是一些二进制程序文件
cal = CALendar 
cat: concatenate连锁 cat file1 file2>>file3把文件1和文件2的内容联合起来放到file3中
cd = Change Directory（改变目录）
chgrp: Change group 改变用户组
chmod: Change mode 改变模式
chown: Change owner 改变所有者
chsh = CHange SHell 
cmp = compare 
cobra = Common Object Request Broker Architecture 
comm = common 
cp = CoPy 
cpio = CoPy In and Out 
cpp = C Pre Processor 
cron = Chronos 希腊文时间
cups = Common Unix Printing System 
cvs = Current Version System 
daemon = Disk And Execution MONitor 
dc = Desk Calculator 
dd = Disk Dump 
dd: 本来应根据其功能描述“Convert an copy”命名为“cc”，但“cc”已经被用以代表“C Complier”，所以命名为“dd”
df: disk free 其功能是显示磁盘可用空间数目信息及空间结点信息。换句话说，就是报告在任何安装的设备或目录中，还剩多少自由的空间。
diff = DIFFerence 
dmesg = diagnostic message 
dpkg：Debian package manager
du: Disk usage 硬盘使用率
ed = editor 
egrep = Extended GREP 
elf = Extensible Linking Format 
elm = ELectronic Mail 
emacs = Editor MACroS 
eval = EVALuate 
ex = EXtended 
exec = EXECute 
fd = file descriptors 
fg = ForeGround 
fgrep = Fixed GREP 
fmt = format 
fsck = File System ChecK 
fstab = FileSystem TABle 
fvwm = F*** Virtual Window Manager 
gawk = GNU AWK 
gpg = GNU Privacy Guard 
grep:global regular expression print
groff = GNU troff 
hal = Hardware Abstraction Layer 
httpd :Start Apache
insmod：Install module 安装模块
ipcalc :Calculate IP information for a host
joe = Joe's Own Editor 
ksh = Korn SHell 
lame = Lame Ain't an MP3 Encoder 
ldd：List dynamic dependencies 列出动态相依
lex = LEXical analyser 
lisp = LISt Processing = Lots of Irritating Superfluous Parentheses 
ln -s : link -soft 创建一个软链接，相当于创建一个快捷方式
ln: Link files
lpr = Line PRint 
ls = list 
lsmod：List module 列表模块
lsof = LiSt Open Files 
ls：list(列出目录内容)
m4 = Macro processor Version 4 
man = MANual pages 
mawk = Mike Brennan's AWK 
mc = Midnight Commander 
mkdir：Make Directory(创建目录
mkfs: Make file system
mknod = MaKe NODe 
motd = Message of The Day 
mozilla = MOsaic GodZILLa 
mtab = Mount TABle 
mv: Move file
nano = Nano's ANOther editor 
nawk = New AWK 
nl = Number of Lines 
nm = names 
nohup = No HangUP 
nroff = New ROFF 
od = Octal Dump 
passwd = PASSWorD 
pg = pager 
pico = PIne's message COmposition editor 
pine = "Program for Internet News & Email" = "Pine is not Elm" 
ping :Send ICMP ECHO_Request to network hosts
ping =  Packet InterNet Grouper 
ping = 拟声 又 = Packet InterNet Grouper
pirntcap = PRINTer CAPability 
popd = POP Directory 
pr = pre 
printf = PRINT Formatted 
ps -auxf 显示进程状态
ps = Processes Status 
ps: process status(进程状态，类似于windows的任务管理器) 常用参数：－auxf
ps：Process Status  进程状态
pty = pseudo tty 
pushd = PUSH Directory 
pwd = Print Working Directory 
pwd:print work directory 打印当前目录 显示出当前工作目录的绝对路径
pwd：Print working directory
rc = runcom = run command, rc还是plan9的shell
reboot: Restart your computer
rev = REVerse 
rm = ReMove 
rmdir：Remove Directory（删除目录）
rmmod：Remove module 删除模块
rm：Remove（删除目录或文件）
rn = Read News 
roff = RunOFF 
rpm = RPM Package Manager = RedHat Package Manager = 红帽子打包管理
rpm： 即RedHat Package Management，是RedHat的发明之一
rsh, rlogin, rvim中的r = Remote
rxvt = ouR XVT 
seamoneky = 我
sed = Stream EDitor 
seq = SEQuence 
shar = SHell ARchive 
slrn = S-Lang rn 
ssh = Secure SHell 
ssl = Secure Sockets Layer 
stty = Set TTY 
su = Substitute User 
sudo:Superuser do
su：Swith user  切换用户，切换到root用户
svn = SubVersioN 
tar：Tape archive 解压文件
tcsh = TENEX C shell 
tee = T (T形水管接口)
telnet = TEminaL over Network 
termcap = terminal capability 
terminfo = terminal information 
tex = τέχνη的缩写，希腊文art
touch
tr = traslate 
troff = Typesetter new ROFF 
tsort = Topological SORT 
tty = TeleTypewriter 
twm = Tom's Window Manager 
tz = TimeZone 
udev = Userspace DEV 
ulimit = User's LIMIT 
umask = User's MASK 
umount: Unmount 卸载
uname: Unix name  系统名称
uniq = UNIQue 
vi = VIsual = Very Inconvenient 
vim = Vi IMproved 
wall = write all 
wc = Word Count 
wine = WINE Is Not an Emulator 
xargs = eXtended ARGuments 
xdm = X Display Manager 
xlfd = X Logical Font Description 
xmms = X Multimedia System 
xrdb = X Resources DataBase 
xwd = X Window Dump 
yacc = yet another compiler compiler
文件结尾的"rc"（如.bashrc、.xinitrc等）：Resource configuration
部分Linux命令缩写