【Go基础】搭建TCP服务端、客户端

搭建TCP服务端、客户端

• 搭建TCP服务端、客户端
  • TCP基础介绍
  • 服务端Listen函数
  • 客户端Dial函数
  • 搭建TCP服务端、客户端示例
  • 相关资料

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TCP基础介绍

  TCP协议（Transmission Control Protocol）是一个安全、可靠、稳定、有序的数据报传输协议。如果说网络层（通过ip地址）解决了主机识别的问题，那么TCP协议则是（通过端口号）解决了如何识别主机上唯一一个进程的问题。

  TCP还定义数据报的请求序号和确认序号，以确保消息的准确有序。

  TCP通过三次握手、四次挥手,保障传输的安全性。

服务端Listen函数

Listen函数：

func Listen(network, address string) (Listener, error)

• network：网络类型，可以填写tcp或udp。

• address：设定服务器地址，格式为[ip]:端口, ip可以省略，缺省默认值为0.0.0.0

• error：返回nil代表无错误，否者存在错误

• Listener：监听者对象，用于后续的步骤处理

  • Listener：

  // A Listener is a generic network listener for stream-oriented protocols.
  //
  // Multiple goroutines may invoke methods on a Listener simultaneously.
  type Listener interface {
  	// Accept waits for and returns the next connection to the listener.
  	Accept() (Conn, error)
  
  	// Close closes the listener.
  	// Any blocked Accept operations will be unblocked and return errors.
  	Close() error
  
  	// Addr returns the listener's network address.
  	Addr() Addr
  }
  

  • Listener#Accept返回的Conn：

  // Conn is a generic stream-oriented network connection.
  //
  // Multiple goroutines may invoke methods on a Conn simultaneously.
  type Conn interface {
  	// Read reads data from the connection.
  	// Read can be made to time out and return an error after a fixed
  	// time limit; see SetDeadline and SetReadDeadline.
  	Read(b []byte) (n int, err error)
  
  	// Write writes data to the connection.
  	// Write can be made to time out and return an error after a fixed
  	// time limit; see SetDeadline and SetWriteDeadline.
  	Write(b []byte) (n int, err error)
  
  	// Close closes the connection.
  	// Any blocked Read or Write operations will be unblocked and return errors.
  	Close() error
  
  	// LocalAddr returns the local network address.
  	LocalAddr() Addr
  
  	// RemoteAddr returns the remote network address.
  	RemoteAddr() Addr
  
  	// SetDeadline sets the read and write deadlines associated
  	// with the connection. It is equivalent to calling both
  	// SetReadDeadline and SetWriteDeadline.
  	//
  	// A deadline is an absolute time after which I/O operations
  	// fail instead of blocking. The deadline applies to all future
  	// and pending I/O, not just the immediately following call to
  	// Read or Write. After a deadline has been exceeded, the
  	// connection can be refreshed by setting a deadline in the future.
  	//
  	// If the deadline is exceeded a call to Read or Write or to other
  	// I/O methods will return an error that wraps os.ErrDeadlineExceeded.
  	// This can be tested using errors.Is(err, os.ErrDeadlineExceeded).
  	// The error's Timeout method will return true, but note that there
  	// are other possible errors for which the Timeout method will
  	// return true even if the deadline has not been exceeded.
  	//
  	// An idle timeout can be implemented by repeatedly extending
  	// the deadline after successful Read or Write calls.
  	//
  	// A zero value for t means I/O operations will not time out.
  	SetDeadline(t time.Time) error
  
  	// SetReadDeadline sets the deadline for future Read calls
  	// and any currently-blocked Read call.
  	// A zero value for t means Read will not time out.
  	SetReadDeadline(t time.Time) error
  
  	// SetWriteDeadline sets the deadline for future Write calls
  	// and any currently-blocked Write call.
  	// Even if write times out, it may return n > 0, indicating that
  	// some of the data was successfully written.
  	// A zero value for t means Write will not time out.
  	SetWriteDeadline(t time.Time) error
  }
  

客户端Dial函数

Dial函数：

func Dial(network, address string) (Conn, error)

• network：网络类型，可以填写tcp或udp。

• address：设定服务器地址，格式为[ip]:端口, ip可以省略，缺省默认值为0.0.0.0

• error：返回nil代表无错误，否者存在错误

• Conn：和服务端通信的连接对象。

  注：Conn对象的具体信息上文已经给出，这里不再赘述。

搭建TCP服务端、客户端示例

• TCP服务端

import (
	"fmt"
	"log"
	"net"
)

func main() {
	// 1. 绑定ip和端口，设置监听
	listener, err := net.Listen("tcp", "localhost:8888")
	if err != nil {
		log.Panic("Failed to Listen", err)
	}
	// 延迟关闭，释放资源
	defer listener.Close()

	// 2. 循环等待新连接
	for {
		// 从连接列表获取新连接
		conn, err := listener.Accept()
		if err != nil {
			fmt.Println("Failed to Accept", err)
		}
		// 3. 与新连接通信(为了不同步阻塞，这里开启异步协程进行函数调用)
		go handle_conn(conn)
	}
}

/**
 * 处理连接
 */
func handle_conn(conn net.Conn) {
	defer conn.Close()
	fmt.Println("New connection ", conn.RemoteAddr())
	// 通信
	buf := make([]byte, 256)
	for {
		// 从网络中读
		readBytesCount, err := conn.Read(buf)
		if err != nil {
			fmt.Println("Failed to read", err)
			break
		}
		// 提示：buf[:n]的效果为：读取buf[总长度-n]至buf[n]处的字节
		fmt.Println("服务端收到数据：\t", string(buf[:readBytesCount]))

		// 写回网络 -- 收到什么就写回什么，即：回射服务器
		writeByteCount, err := conn.Write(buf[:readBytesCount])
		if err != nil {
			fmt.Println("Failed to write", err)
			break
		}
		fmt.Printf("write success %d bytes\n", writeByteCount)
	}
}

• TCP客户端

import (
	"fmt"
	"net"
	"os"
)

func main() {
	// 1. 建立连接
	conn, err := net.Dial("tcp", "localhost:8888")
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Failed to Dial")
		return
	}
	// 延迟关闭，释放资源
	defer conn.Close()

	// 2. 与服务端通信
	buf := make([]byte, 256)
	for {
		// 2.1 从控制台读取输入
		readBytesCount, _ := os.Stdin.Read(buf)
		// 2.2 写到网络(即：发送请求)
		conn.Write(buf[:readBytesCount])
		// 2.3 读网络(即：获取响应)
		readBytesCount, _ = conn.Read(buf)
		// 2.4 输出到控制台
		// 提示：buf[:n]的效果为：读取buf[总长度-n]至buf[n]处的字节
		os.Stdout.Write(buf[:readBytesCount])
	}
}

• 通信测试

先启动server端，再启动client端，然后在client端的控制台进行任意输入触发进行TCP请求，

1. 在server端控制台，可看到来自client的请求信息
   
2. 在client端控制台，可看到来自server端的响应信息
   

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^_^ 整理自《Go语言区块链应用开发从入门到精通》高野 编著

^_^ 本文已经被收录进《程序员成长笔记》 ，笔者JustryDeng