Android学习日记 使用网络技术

Android学习日记 使用网络技术

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前言

如题

一、WebView的用法

使用步骤

代码如下：
布局文件下添加WebView

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:gravity="center"
    android:orientation="vertical">

    <WebView
        android:id="@+id/webview"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"/>
</RelativeLayout>

MainActivity.java下：

package com.example.practice;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.webkit.WebView;
import android.webkit.WebViewClient;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private WebView webView;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        init();
    }
    private void init() {
        webView = findViewById(R.id.webview);
        webView.getSettings().setJavaScriptEnabled(true);
        webView.setWebViewClient(new WebViewClient());
        webView.loadUrl("http://www.baidu.com");
    }
}

二、okHttp网络请求+json解析

使用步骤

main_activity.xml 下写一个按钮这里不在赘述。

build.gradle(app)下添加依赖

implementation("com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:3.14.0")

	注：用真机测试时，有可能会爆出安装失败错误，gradle.properties下添加以下代码：

android.injected.testOnly=false

MainActivity.java :

package com.example.practice;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import org.json.JSONArray;
import org.json.JSONObject;
import okhttp3.OkHttpClient;
import okhttp3.Request;
import okhttp3.Response;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private Button btn;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        init();



        btn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                sendRequestWithOkHttp();
            }
        });
    }

    private void init() {
        btn = findViewById(R.id.btn);
    }
    private void sendRequestWithOkHttp(){
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
                    Request request = new Request.Builder()
                    //注意：禁止填写127.0.0.1与localhost 填写本地ip地址
                            .url("json地址")
                            .build();
                    Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
                    String responseData = response.body().string();
                    parseJSONWithJSONObject(responseData);
                }catch (Exception e){
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }).start();
    }

    private void parseJSONWithJSONObject(String responseData) {
        try {
            //将json解开
            JSONObject object=new JSONObject(responseData);
            //获取json里的客户
            String user=object.getString("user");
            //将user解开
            JSONArray array=new JSONArray(user);
            for (int i = 0; i < array.length(); i++) {
                //获取array里的每一个客户
                String person = array.getString(i);
                //将客户解开
                JSONObject object1=new JSONObject(person);
                //获取客户姓名
                String name=object1.getString("name");
                Log.e("aaa", "parseJSONWithJSONObject: "+name);
            }
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

三、HttpURLConnection网络请求与json解析

使用步骤

编写Http工具类
HttpTool.java

package com.example.practice;

import android.os.Handler;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;

public class HttpTool {
    public static void Tool(final Handler handler, final String
                            path , final String json, final  HttpCallBack callBack){
        new Thread(){
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    //建立新的请求
                    URL url = new URL(path);
                    //根据请求协议生成HttpURLConnection类
                    HttpURLConnection conn =
                            (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
                    //向conn输入，默认true
                    conn.setDoInput(true);
                    //向conn输出，默认false
                    conn.setDoOutput(true);
                    //post请求不能使用缓存
                    conn.setUseCaches(false);
                    //设置请求的方法为“post”，默认为“get”
                    conn.setRequestMethod("POST");
                    //设定传送的内容类型是可序列化的java对象
                    conn.setRequestProperty("Content-type","application/json");

                    PrintWriter writer = new PrintWriter(conn.getOutputStream());
                    writer.print(json);
                    writer.close();
                    BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream()));
                    final StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
                    String line;
                    while((line=reader.readLine())!=null){
                        builder.append(line);
                    }
                    handler.post(new Runnable() {
                        @Override
                        public void run() {
                            callBack.Onub(builder.toString());
                        }
                    });

                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }.start();
    }
}

编写回调函数：
HttpCallBack.java

package com.example.practice;

public abstract class HttpCallBack {
    public abstract  void Onub(String json);
}

在主界面解析json：
MainActivity.java

package com.example.practice;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Looper;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import org.json.JSONArray;
import org.json.JSONObject;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private Button btn;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        init();
        btn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
            /**
			注意：ip地址不要填写localhost和127.0.0.1 AS会当做本地地址 ，正确方法使用自己电脑的IP地址替换localhost或
			127.0.0.1
			*/
                HttpTool.Tool(new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper()), "json地址", "", new HttpCallBack() {
                    @Override
                    public void Onub(String json) {
                        try {
                            //将json解开
                            JSONObject object=new JSONObject(json);
                            //获取json里的user
                            String user=object.getString("user");
                            //将user解开
                            JSONArray array=new JSONArray(user);
                            for (int i = 0; i < array.length(); i++) {
                                //获取array里的每一个客户
                                String users=array.getString(i);
                                //将客户解开
                                JSONObject object1=new JSONObject(users);
                                //获取客户姓名
                                String name=object1.getString("name");
                                Log.e("aaa",name);
                            }
                        } catch (Exception e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }
                });
            }
        });
    }
    private void init() {
        btn = findViewById(R.id.btn);
    }
}

四、OkHttp网络请求与使用Gson解析

大致步骤：
1、导入依赖包
2、编写工具类
3、使用Gson解析

1、首先导入Okhttp与Gson依赖

	//gson
	implementation 'com.google.code.gson:gson:2.8.6'
	//okhttp3
    implementation 'com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:3.10.0'

2、编写工具类 OkhttpUtil.java

package com.example.okhttpdemo.util;

import com.google.gson.Gson;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Map;

import okhttp3.Call;
import okhttp3.MediaType;
import okhttp3.OkHttpClient;
import okhttp3.Request;
import okhttp3.RequestBody;
import okhttp3.Response;

public class OkhttpUtil {

    private static String token;
    //创建实例
    static OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
    public static String get(String url) {

        //创建Request请求对象
        final Request req = new Request.Builder()
                .url(url)
                .get() //默认get请求 ，可以不写
                .build();
       return req(req);
    }

    //post 请求：url表示请求的地址,map存放请求参数数据
    //传入传出为json格式
    public static String post(String url, Map map) {
        //设定传输数据格式为json，编码方式为utf-8
                                    //格式化    json数据格式    编码格式
        MediaType type = MediaType.parse("application/json;charset=utf-8");
        //设定请求正文数据
        RequestBody body = RequestBody.create(type,new Gson().toJson(map));
        //创建Request请求对象
        Request req = new Request.Builder()
                .url(url)
                //在请求的头部信息添加token数据
//                .addHeader("authorization","")
                .post(body)
                .build();
        return req(req);

    }

    public static String put(String url, Map map) {
        //设定传输数据格式为json，编码方式为utf-8
        //格式化    json数据格式    编码格式
        MediaType type = MediaType.parse("application/json;charset=utf-8");
        //设定请求正文数据
        RequestBody body = RequestBody.create(type,new Gson().toJson(map));
        //创建Request请求对象
        Request req = new Request.Builder()
                .url(url)
                //.addHeader("Authorization","")
                .put(body)
                .build();
        return req(req);
    }
    private static String req(Request req){
        //执行网络请求
        Call call = client.newCall(req);
        //获取请求结果
        try {
            Response res = call.execute();
            return res.body().string();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            return null;
        }
    }
}

3、使用Gson解析

这里编写主activity  
根据postman测试出的 json结构编写实体类并 Gson格式化

		外环UserList
		注意：属性一定与结构体第二层的属性名一致 这里是user

package com.example.okhttpdemo.pojo;

import java.util.List;

public class UserList {
    private List<User> user;
    public List<User> getUser() {
        return user;
    }
    public void setUser(List<User> user) {
        this.user = user;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "UserList{" +
                "user=" + user +
                '}';
    }
}

编写第三层User实体类

package com.example.okhttpdemo.pojo;

public class User {
    private String username;
    private String password;

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }
}

编写主activity点击按钮发送请求

package com.example.practice;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.DividerItemDecoration;
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.GridLayoutManager;
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;

import com.example.practice.adapter.MyAdapter;
import com.google.gson.Gson;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;


public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private Button button;
    
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        init();
    }

    private void init() {
        button = findViewById(R.id.button);
        button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                new Thread(new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                    Map<String,String> maplist = new HashMap<>();
                            Map<String,String> maplist = new HashMap<>();
                            //maplist.put("","");
                            //maplist.put("","");
                            String result = OkhttpUtil.post("你的http地址",maplist);
                            Log.e("aaa",result);
                            Gson gson = new Gson();
                            UserList userList = gson.fromJson(result,UserList.class);
                            //根据需要对数据进行处理
                            for (int i = 0;i<userList.getUsers().size();i++){
                                Log.e("aaa",userList.getUsers().get(i).getName()+"");
                            }
                    }
                }).start();
            }
        });
    }

}