Java设计模式 - 建造模式（Builder Pattern）

一、定义、使用场景及要点

在《设计模式》中原话是这样的：“separate the construction of a complex object from its representation so that the same construction process can create different representations.”

然而国内一般翻译成这样的：“将一个复杂对象的构造与它的表示分离，使同样的构建过程可以创建不同的表示。”

建议直接无视翻译后的这句，我认为以国人的语言习惯翻译后的这句话带给人的误导，比带给人正确理解原意起了更大作用！还是揣摩英文原话吧。

简单理解：从简单的对象一步一步的构建一个复杂的对象。

使用场景：

||   Make a complex object by specifying only its type and content. The built object is shielded from the details of its construction.
||   Want to decouple the process of building a complex object from the parts that make up the object.
||   Isolate code for construction and representation.
||   Give you finer control over the construction process.

要点：１此模式主要用于分步骤构建一个复杂的对象，这些步骤是固定的。

　　　２对于这个复杂对象来说，就是他的各个部分可能频繁变动。对于这些可能变动的部分进行封装。

二、架构

可以参考下这个 http://www.javacamp.org/designPattern/builder.html

class TestBuilder  {
  
    public static void main(String[] args) {
       
       HouseBuilder one = new OneStoryHouse("2 bedrooms, 2.5 baths, 2-car garage, 1500 sqft");
       HouseBuilder two = new TwoStoryHouse("4 bedrooms, 4 baths, 3-car garage, 5000 sqft");

       WorkShop shop = new WorkShop();
       shop.construct(one);
       shop.construct(two);
    
   
       System.out.println("Check house building progress: \n");
       System.out.println(one.showProgress());
       System.out.println(two.showProgress());
   }
}

class WorkShop {
    //force the order of building process
    public void construct(HouseBuilder hb) {
        hb.buildFoundation();
        hb.buildFrame();
        hb.buildExterior();
        hb.buildInterior();
    }
}

//set steps for building a house
abstract class HouseBuilder {
    protected House house = new House();
    
    protected String showProgress() {
        return house.toString();
    }

    abstract public void buildFoundation();
    abstract public void buildFrame();
    abstract public void buildExterior();
    abstract public void buildInterior();
}

class OneStoryHouse extends HouseBuilder {
    
    public OneStoryHouse(String features) {
        house.setType(this.getClass() + " " + features);
    }
    public void buildFoundation() {
        //doEngineering()
        //doExcavating()
        //doPlumbingHeatingElectricity()
        //doSewerWaterHookUp()
        //doFoundationInspection()
        house.setProgress("foundation is done");
    }

    public void buildFrame() {
        //doHeatingPlumbingRoof()
        //doElectricityRoute()
        //doDoorsWindows()
        //doFrameInspection()
        house.setProgress("frame is done");
    }

    public void buildExterior() {
        //doOverheadDoors()
        //doBrickWorks()
        //doSidingsoffitsGutters()
        //doDrivewayGarageFloor()
        //doDeckRail()
        //doLandScaping()
        house.setProgress("Exterior is done");
    }

    public void buildInterior() {
        //doAlarmPrewiring()
        //doBuiltinVacuum()
        //doInsulation()
        //doDryWall()
        //doPainting()
        //doLinoleum()
        //doCabinet()
        //doTileWork()
        //doLightFixtureBlinds()
        //doCleaning()
        //doInteriorInspection()
        house.setProgress("Interior is under going");
    } 
}

三、使用效果

面对不可预见的“复杂对象的部分”的改动需求，只要提供一个相应的Builder ，用新的Builder替换旧的就可以了。