传感器的使用：方向传感器

很多手机应用中都有指南针的功能， 还有很多游戏可以通过旋转屏幕来进行操控，这都需要方向传感器。而事实上，安卓设备是没有真正的方向传感器的，它只是通过加速度传感器和地磁传感器来计算方向。也正是因为这个原因，安卓SDK早就废弃了Sensor.TYPE_ORIENTATION 这种传感器类型，而改用Sensor.TYPE_ACCELEROMETER 和Sensor.TYPE_MAGNETIC_FIELD 来计算旋转角度。

1. 通过SensorManager 获取Sensor 实例

		sensorManager = (SensorManager)getSystemService(Context.SENSOR_SERVICE);
		Sensor magneticSensor = sensorManager.getDefaultSensor(Sensor.TYPE_MAGNETIC_FIELD);
		Sensor accelerometerSensor = sensorManager.getDefaultSensor(Sensor.TYPE_ACCELEROMETER);

2. 获取SensorEventListener 实例，并实现它的两个方法

	private SensorEventListener listener = new SensorEventListener(){
		
		float[] accelerometerValues = new float[3];
		float[] magneticValues = new float[3];
		
		@Override
		public void onAccuracyChanged(android.hardware.Sensor sensor, int accuracy) {
			
		}
		
		@Override
		public void onSensorChanged(android.hardware.SensorEvent event) {
			if(event.sensor.getType() == Sensor.TYPE_ACCELEROMETER){
				accelerometerValues = event.values.clone();
			}
			else if(event.sensor.getType() == Sensor.TYPE_MAGNETIC_FIELD){
				magneticValues = event.values.clone();
			}
			
			float[] R = new float[9];
			float[] values = new float[3];
			SensorManager.getRotationMatrix(R, null, accelerometerValues, magneticValues);
			SensorManager.getOrientation(R, values);
			Log.d("MainActivity", "z: " + Math.toDegrees(values[0]));
			Log.d("MainActivity", "x: " + Math.toDegrees(values[1]));
			Log.d("MainActivity", "y: " + Math.toDegrees(values[2]));
		}
	};

注意，数组复制的时候要用clone方法。

getRotationMatrix 接收两个传感器的values值作为参数，计算出计算出旋转矩阵，并保存在长度为9的数组R中。

getOrientation 根据旋转矩阵计算出当前手机各个方向上的旋转度数，并保存在values数组中。values[0] 是绕z轴的旋转度数，values[1] 是绕x轴的旋转度数，values[2] 是绕y轴的旋转度数。注意，度数是以弧度为单位的，所以还要调用Math.todegrees() 方法将其转换为角度。

3. 在onCreate方法中注册传感器

		sensorManager.registerListener(listener, magneticSensor, SensorManager.SENSOR_DELAY_GAME);
		sensorManager.registerListener(listener, accelerometerSensor, SensorManager.SENSOR_DELAY_GAME);

记住要在onDestroy中注销

	@Override
	protected void onDestroy() {
		super.onDestroy();
		if(sensorManager != null){
			sensorManager.unregisterListener(listener);
		}
	}

完整程序代码：

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
	
	private SensorManager sensorManager;
	
	private SensorEventListener listener = new SensorEventListener(){
		
		float[] accelerometerValues = new float[3];
		float[] magneticValues = new float[3];
		
		@Override
		public void onAccuracyChanged(android.hardware.Sensor sensor, int accuracy) {
			
		}
		
		@Override
		public void onSensorChanged(android.hardware.SensorEvent event) {
			if(event.sensor.getType() == Sensor.TYPE_ACCELEROMETER){
				accelerometerValues = event.values.clone();
			}
			else if(event.sensor.getType() == Sensor.TYPE_MAGNETIC_FIELD){
				magneticValues = event.values.clone();
			}
			
			float[] R = new float[9];
			float[] values = new float[3];
			SensorManager.getRotationMatrix(R, null, accelerometerValues, magneticValues);
			SensorManager.getOrientation(R, values);
			Log.d("MainActivity", "z: " + Math.toDegrees(values[0]));
			Log.d("MainActivity", "x: " + Math.toDegrees(values[1]));
			Log.d("MainActivity", "y: " + Math.toDegrees(values[2]));
		}
	};

	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
		sensorManager = (SensorManager)getSystemService(Context.SENSOR_SERVICE);
		Sensor magneticSensor = sensorManager.getDefaultSensor(Sensor.TYPE_MAGNETIC_FIELD);
		Sensor accelerometerSensor = sensorManager.getDefaultSensor(Sensor.TYPE_ACCELEROMETER);
		sensorManager.registerListener(listener, magneticSensor, SensorManager.SENSOR_DELAY_GAME);
		sensorManager.registerListener(listener, accelerometerSensor, SensorManager.SENSOR_DELAY_GAME);
	}
	
	@Override
	protected void onDestroy() {
		super.onDestroy();
		if(sensorManager != null){
			sensorManager.unregisterListener(listener);
		}
	}
}